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By-laws of the Orphan House of Charleston, South Carolina.
Revised and Adopted by the Board of Commissioners, 4th April, 1861.
Submitted to and Approved by the City Council of Charleston, 23d April, 1861:
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Charleston Orphan House

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(title page) By-laws of the Orphan House of Charleston, South Carolina. Revised and Adopted by the Board of Commissioners, 4th April, 1861. Submitted to and Approved by the City Council of Charleston, 23d April, 1861
Charleston Orphan House
40 p.
Charleston
Steam-Power Presses of Evans & Cogswell
1861

Call number 4967 Conf. (Rare Book Collection, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)

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Library of Congress Subject Headings, 21st edition, 1998

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Illustration

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BY-LAWS
OF THE
ORPHAN HOUSE OF CHARLESTON,
SOUTH CAROLINA. REVISED AND ADOPTED BY THE BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS,
4TH APRIL, 1861.
SUBMITTED TO AND APPROVED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF CHARLESTON,
23D APRIL, 1861.

CHARLESTON:
STEAM-POWER PRESSES OF EVANS & COGSWELL,
3 Broad and 103 East Bay Streets.
1861.

Page 3

INDEX.

Page 4

Page 7

PREFACE.

        The Orphan House of Charleston was founded in 1790.

        During the seventy-one years of its history, two thousand three hundred and forty orphan and destitute children have been maintained and educated upon its bounty, and provision has been made for the useful employment of the two thousand and six who have left the institution during that period.

        The number of boys and girls now in the house is three hundred and thirty-four. In their care and education, twenty-three officers, instructors and assistants are employed. Making the entire resident white population of the household, three hundred and fifty-seven.

        The government of the institution is committed to a Board of twelve Commissioners, elected annually by the City Council.

        The current expenses of the establishment are defrayed in part out of the public endowment fund of the institution, held by Trustees, and which amounts to $168,489 60. The excess of the expenditures, over the income thus derived, is provided for by annual appropriations of the Municipal Council from the general treasury of the city. A private fund, amounting to $76,775 98, is placed by ordinance of the city, under the immediate control of the Board of Commissioners. The income of this fund is appropriated by the said Board to the personal comfort and advancement of the children, and to the benefit of other members of the household.

        The appraised value of the real estate of the Institution, embracing the buildings and grounds north of Calhoun street, is $420,000.

        Since 1854, extensive additions and improvements have been made, which involved changes in the economy of the Institution,

Page 8

and rendered the written regulations previously adopted, in many respects, inapplicable and insufficient.

        To remedy this, the following codification of the Municipal and State laws appertaining to the present organization of the Institution, and of the standing rules of the house, now of force, has been prepared and adopted by the Board of Commissioners, and approved by the City Council.

Charleston, April, 1861.

Page 9

BY-LAWS.

FIRST.

FOUNDATION AND GOVERNMENT.

        City Ordinance, 18th Oct. 1790.

        Establishment and objects.


        I. An Orphan House in the City of Charleston, shall be established for the purpose of supporting and educating poor orphan children, and those of poor, distressed and disabled parents who are unable to support and maintain them.

        Ib.

        Beneficiaries.

        By whom admitted.

        To be supported by Corporation.


        II. All such poor orphan children and children of poor, distressed or disabled parents as shall be deemed proper objects of admission by the Commissioners, who shall be vested with powers for managing the said Orphan House, shall be admitted into the same, and shall be supported, educated and maintained at the expense of the corporation during such time, and under such regulations as the City Council shall, from time to time, prescribe or sanction.

        Ib.

        C. O. 29 Jan., 1821.

        Management.

        C. O. 17 Aug., 1796

        Powers of Commissioners.

        Election of Officers.


        III. Twelve Commissioners, to be annually elected by the City Council, shall have the direction and management of the Orphan House; admit and take charge of the maintenance, education and clothing of the children; elect a Steward and Matron, and appoint proper assistants, nurses and domestics; and superintend and govern the house, the officers and servants thereof, and the children

Page 10

therein, to the best of their judgment and skill, subject to the control of the City Council.

        C. O. 17 Aug., 1796.

        Power to discharge officers.


        IV. The Commissioners shall have the power to suspend and discharge any of the officers of the house after a full hearing and fair trial at a meeting to be called for that purpose.

        C. O. 18 Oct., 1790.

        Power to make rules.

        Subject to City Council.


        V. The Commissioners shall have power and authority to make such rules and regulations as they may think necessary for the good government of the house and of all persons therein. The said rules and regulations to be submitted to the City Council, who may confirm, alter, amend or annul the same.

SECOND.

ENDOWMENT AND FUNDS.

        Acts of Assembly, 21 Dec., 1799

        Escheats.


        I. All the property in the two parishes of St. Philip and St. Michael now escheated, or which shall hereafter escheat to this State, not exceeding fifty thousand dollars, shall be vested in the City Council of Charleston for the benefit of the Orphan House. And the City Council are vested with all the powers necessary for escheating, selling and appropriating the said property for the benefit of the Orphan House.

        C. O. 1 Sep., 1808.

        Public fund, by whom held, and how invested.

        Trust.


        II. The Mayor of the City of Charleston, the Chairman of the Commissioners of the Orphan House, and the City Treasurer, for the time being, and their successors in office forever, are consituted Trustees of the Orphan House funds and estate, to be by them invested, from time to time, in such stock, bank shares, or other estate as they may deem most beneficial to the institution, and to be

Page 11

by them held in trust for the use and benefit of the Orphan House.

        Ib.

        Powers and duties of Trustees.

        Investments.

        To be approved by Commissioners and City Council.


        III. All the specialities, stock, money or other property or estate, of right belonging to the said establishment, shall be assigned, transferred or paid over to the said Trustees for the above purpose; and the same, together with all future donations, devises and bequests to or for the benefit of the said Institution, and also all monies or other estate which may arise to the same from escheated property are placed under the charge of the said Trustees, who are directed to pursue all lawful means for the recovery of all such property, real or personal, as may be so given, devised or bequeathed, or which shall result from escheated property; and when recovered, to invest the same in such stock, bank shares or other estate as may be most beneficial to said establishment; Provided, such investment be made with the approbation of the Commissioners of the Orphan House for the time being, and with the consent of the City Council.

        Ib.

        Fund to be kept separate from City funds.


        IV. All investments made as above, shall be in the official name and character of the Trustees; and the same are declared to be sacred, and shall be forever kept apart and distinct from all other city funds; and the principal sums of such investments shall not, on any consideration, be expended, but shall be preserved whole and entire for the benefit of the Orphan House.

        C. O. 2 Sept., 1840.

        Private fund held by Commissioners.

        How invested.

        In name of Commissioners.

        Sale and transfers of capital of fund.


        V. All donations, devises and bequests heretofore made, or which hereafter may be made to the Commissioners of the Orphan House for objects connected with the benevolent purposes of the Institution, shall be held by the said Commissioners,

Page 12

and invested as the same may be received by them, in such public securities, bank stock or other estate, real or personal, as they may deem most beneficial. All such investments shall be made in the name of the "Commissioners of the Orphan House," and the certificates and securities shall be so taken. No transfer, sale or change of the capital shall at any time be made without the consent of the City Council.

        Ib.

        Commissioners to apply income to objects of charity.

        To render accounts to City Council.


        VI. The Commissioners shall receive and apply the income and dividends arising from the said investments, in every instance, to objects tending to accomplish the designs of the respective benefactors; and they shall render to the City Council, on the first Monday in August, of every year, or at any and all other times, when required by Council, a statement, certified by the Chairman, of the investments of the said funds, distinguishing the amount of each donation, devise, or bequest, with the names of the several donors, and the manner of the expenditure of the income thereof.

        Ib.

        To keep donation book.


        VII. The Board of Commissioners shall record, in a journal to be opened expressly for that purpose, the names of all those benevolent persons who have made, or who hereafter may make donations, devises or bequests, to the said Commissioners, and shall preserve in the said journal a copy of the clauses of all deeds, wills or documents, under which the said donations, devises or bequests have been or may hereafter be made, to be kept forever as a memorial of the benefactors of the Orphan House.

Page 13

THIRD.

BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS.

        Organization of Board.


        I. At the first meeting after the annual appointment of the Board of Commissioners by the city Council, the said Board shall be organized by the election of a Chairman.

        Quorum.


        II. Five members shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business.

        Regular meetings.

        Special meetings.


        III. The regular meetings of the Board shall be held at the Orphan House, on Thursday of each week. Special meetings shall be called by the Chairman, whenever, in his opinion, expedient, or whenever requested by three members of the Board. At special meetings no business shall be transacted except that for which the meeting was called.

        Chairman of Board. His duties.

        To appoint Committees.

        To be organ of communication with City Council.

        To superintend private fund.

        To report to Board.


        IV. The Chairman shall preside at all meetings of the Board, and in case of an equal division, shall have the casting vote. He shall appoint all the Committees of the Board, unless a ballot is required by two or more members; shall be the organ of communication with the City Council relating to any action of this Board, which may require the co-operation of that body; shall superintend the permanent investment of the capital of the "private fund" intrusted to this Board, and give orders for the disbursement of the income of the said fund in accordance with the directions of the Board. He shall submit to the Board, from time to time, such suggestions and recommendations as to the condition and management of the Institution as he may deem useful and proper.

        Chairman pro tem.


        In the absence of the stated Chairman, his place shall be filled by the Board, pro tempore.

Page 14

        Standing Committees of the Board.

        Their appointment.


        V. Nine standing Committees, each to consist of not less than three members, shall be appointed as soon as practicable after the annual organization of the Board. The duties of the said Committees shall be, respectively, as follows:

        Duties.

        Improvements.

        Discipline.


        1. Committee on Improvements and Discipline.--To consider and recommend to the Board such improvements and additions to the buildings, grounds and appurtenances of the establishment, as shall conduce to the comfort and health of the inmates of the house, or be demanded by the wants of the Institution. To see that a salutary discipline is enforced, and, whenever possible, by moral sanctions, gentle means, and affectionate motives. To hear and determine all questions of difference among the officers of the house, subject to the revision of the Board. And seek by such means as they shall deem most effectual to make the institution, in all its departments, a scene of cheerful and ready subordination, of active and voluntary industry, and of physical, mental, and moral improvement.

        Chairman of Committee.


        The Chairman of the Board shall be ex-officio Chairman of this Committee.

        Duties.

        Examine Accounts.

        Report.


        2. Committee on Retrenchments.--To inquire into and recommend to the Board such measures for the economical administration of the Institution as they may deem proper and expedient. To carefully examine, at least once a year, the expenditures for each department, and to report whether any retrenchment can be judiciously made in the expenses of the establishment, and if so, in what particulars and to what extent.

        Duties.

        Intellectual Education.

        Appoint Teachers.

        Examinations.

        Report.


        3. Committee on Schools.--To have the general

Page 15

charge and superintendence of the intellectual education of the children of the Institution. To direct the discipline of the school, the selection of the school books, and the furniture of the school and class rooms, and the general course of instruction. To appoint, with the concurrence of the Board, teachers from the advanced pupils. To give advice to the Principal and assistants whenever required, and, on complaint, to take cognizance of any difficulty relating to the government and instruction of the school. To examine, at stated periods, each class, and note the progress and deportment of the scholars. To see that the records of the school are properly kept, and report to the Board, at least once a year, the conduct, application, improvement and promotion of the scholars in each class, and the attention, capacity and proficiency of the teachers, with such other facts as may be worthy of record, and such recommendations as are deemed important to the interests of the school.


        Duties.

        Audit Accounts.

        Quarterly Accounts for Council.

        Report.


        4. Committee on Accounts.--To audit and report upon all accounts, bills and claims. To examine, annually, the books of the Treasurer, and personally inspect the securities in which the capital of the private fund is invested, and the vouchers for the disbursement of the income of the said fund. To examine quarterly the cash account of the Steward, and verify the receipts and disbursements of his department. To superintend the preparation of and submit to the Board the quarterly accounts for the City Council, which accounts shall exhibit a statement in detail of the expenses and liabilities incurred for the institution during the past quarter, and the receipts and payments on account of said expenses; also, the annual account of the appropriations and disbursements by the

Page 16

Board of the income of the private fund. To make an annual report of the fiscal affairs of the Institution, with such facts and suggestions in respect thereto as shall be deemed of interest and importance.

        Duties.

        To consider applications for removal of children.

        Indentures

        Registry of House.

        Report.


        5. Committee on Binding Out.--To inquire into and report upon all applications for the removal of children from the Institution. To execute, by its Chairman, and on behalf of the Board, all indentures of apprenticeship to and from the same. To superintend the record of the children admitted and discharged, which record shall exhibit the name, sex, age, nativity and parentage, and a brief history of each child; the time when received under the care of the Institution; how long and in what manner maintained and educated; its progress and proficiency, and when discharged; to whom given up, and to what employment or trade apprenticed. To report annually the number of children received and dismissed during the year, and all circumstances of interest connected with the welfare, and condition, and prospects in life, of the children of the Institution.

        Duties.

        Improvements and Repairs.

        Report.


        6. Committee on Repairs.--To obtain estimates, make contracts, and superintend all improvements and repairs ordered by the Board. To examine from time to time the condition of the house, outbuildings and grounds, and recommend such repairs as they may think necessary for the preservation of the same.

        Duties.

        Supplies and Issues.

        Tables of Children.

        Report.


        7. Committee on Purveyance and Supervision.--To make all purchases of supplies for the household, not otherwise provided for. To examine the books of supplies and issues in the departments of the Steward, Matron, Sewing Mistress and Engineer,

Page 17

and furnish the Board with quarterly statements therefrom. To give special attention to the tables of the children, and see that suitable and ample provision is made for them, and all the regulations of the Board in respect thereto strictly observed. To make an annual report to the Board upon the matters hereby committed to them.

        Duties.

        Supply of pulpit.

        Cemetery.

        Annual Celebration


        8. Committee on the Chapel and Anniversary.--To have charge of the chapel and the supply of the pulpit, also, of the burial ground of the Institution at Magnolia Cemetery, and the interments therein, and the religious services at funerals. To make all arrangements in concert with the Committee on Schools for the anniversary celebration of the Institution.

        Duties.

        Appoint Librarian.

        Rules of Library.


        9. Committee on the Library. --To make purchases and receive donations of books. To examine all works before admitting them into the library. To appoint a librarian from the senior boys of the institution, who shall attend to the preservation of the books and the appurtenances of the library, and be under the direction of the committee. To make rules for the use of the books by the inmates of the house, which rules shall be subject to the approval of the Board.

        Annual Reports.


        10. The annual reports of the standing committees shall be submitted to the Board on the first Thursday in November of each year, and shall be printed, and filed in the archives of the Institution.


        Visiting Commissioner.

        His duties.

        Report.

        Sabbath morning services.


        VI. Each member of the Board shall in rotation be charged with the general supervision of the house for one week. He shall visit and inspect every department of the institution, confer with the officers, and see personally, if possible, every

Page 18

inmate of the household, and report to the Board, at the next weekly meeting, the condition of the house and premises, and all irregularities which may be observed, with such suggestions as he may think proper or circumstances may require. The Visiting Commissioner shall conduct the Sabbath morning and attend the Sabbath afternoon services in the chapel.

        Duties of Secretary.

        Duties of Treasurer.

        Keep private fund.

        Quarterly Accounts.

        Bond.

        Not to invest except specially ordered.


        VII. A Secretary and Treasurer of the Board shall be annually elected, who shall keep a fair and accurate record of the proceedings of the Board; prepare all indentures of Apprentices to and from the Institution; furnish Copies of all documents, accounts and papers which may be required by the Board or any of its committees; prepare quarterly abstracts of all the books and registers of the house and school for the information of the Board; and discharge all the usual duties belonging to the office of secretary. As treasurer he shall keep the donation book and the accounts of the Commissioners' private fund, receive and make all payments connected with the same, and furnish statements of the capital and income of the said fund, and produce the evidences of investments and the vouchers for disbursements, whenever required. He shall examine all bills against the Institution before they are submitted to the Committee on Accounts, and make out the quarterly and annual statements for Council, under the direction of the said committee. He shall enter into a bond, with two or more sureties, in the penalty of three thousand dollars, to be executed to the Board and his successors, for the faithful discharge of his duties. The treasurer shall, in no instance, pay out or invest any of the funds in his hands, except by the special written order of the chairman.

Page 19

FOURTH.

OFFICERS OF THE HOUSE.

        C. O., 30th June, 1835.

        General Superintendance.


        1. The Steward - Shall exercise the general superintendence, direction, and control over all and every department, the officers and attendants of the Institution, subject to the direction and regulation of the Commissioners.

        C.O., 18th Oct., 1790.

        To see that provisions are supplied.

        To keep accounts.

        To obey Commissioners.


        2. He shall see that good and wholesome provisions are sent for the use of the children and other persons residing in the house by the butchers, bakers, and other persons employed to furnish such articles as may be necessary. To take care of the articles delivered to him for the use of the house. To keep a book of fair and regular accounts of all receipts and expenditures, which shall be subject at all times to the examination of the Commissioners. To obey the directions and regulations of the Commissioners. And to enable the steward to discharge faithfully the duties required of him, he shall reside in the house, and shall receive necessary provision for himself.

        C. O. Bond.


        3. He shall give a bond to the City Council in the penal sum of two thousand dollars.


        C.O., 4th Aug., 1807.

        To hold no other office.


        4. He shall hold no other office or appointment unconnected with his employment in the Orphan House.

        5. In addition to the foregoing duties prescribed by the ordinances of the City Council, and in furtherance thereof, the Steward shall observe the following regulations:


        To supply departments.

        To have charge of store-house.

        Tables.


        6. He shall see that all supplies furnished for the use of the house are delivered to the proper departments and in just proportions. Shall have the exclusive charge of the store-house, and superintend daily the issues therefrom. Shall provide for and

Page 20

regulate the tables of the superior and subordinate officers, according to the regulations of the house. Shall give his personal and constant attention to the tables of the children, see that they are served at regular hours, and amply supplied with suitable, wholesome, and well prepared food.

        To superintend physical education.

        Manual labor.

        Recreation.

        Gymnasium.


        7. He shall superintend the physical education of the children. Employ them in such manual service in the various departments of the house, and in the garden and grounds, as may be suited to their age, and sex, and capacities, and which, in conference with the Matron, may be deemed most important and judicious. Appoint such hours for recreation and healthful sports as shall not interfere with the exercises and regulations of the School. And direct, during said hours, such well-regulated muscular and gymnastic exercises in the open air as may conduce to the vigorous health and physical improvement of the children.


        To encourage virtue.

        Corporal Punishment.


        8. He shall give unceasing encouragement to the practice of generosity, gentleness, honesty, truth and cleanliness by the inmates of the house, and repress, by all the moral influence of the establishment, all selfishness, cruelty, falsehood and impurity. He shall see that corporal punishment is inflicted only in extreme cases and in the last resort, and then only by himself or the Matron.


        To keep files and archives.

        Books of Institution.


        9. He shall preserve files of all applications, communications and reports, made to the Board. Make all necessary and required entries in the registers of the house, and prepare indexes to the same. And he shall keep the following books according to the forms prescribed therefor, and lay the same upon the table of the Board at each meeting, for the inspection and information of the Commissioners:

Page 21

        Steward's Book of Supplies and Issues.

        House Record of the Children.

        Dormitory Record of Nurses and Inmates.

        Indenture Book of Apprentices to and from the Institution.

        Cash Book of Receipts and Disbursements.

        Expense Book of Officers' Tables, 1 and 2.

        Wages Book of Servants and Assistants.

        To supervise books of other officers.


        He shall see that all other books, records and accounts required to be kept by other officers than himself are regularly kept according to the form prescribed, and said books, records and accounts laid upon the table of the Board at each meeting.

        To report weekly to Board.


        10. He shall report specially to each weekly meeting of the Board the number of the children in each dormitory, with the name of the nurse in charge; the provision made for the Sabbath services in the Chapel, and all important occurrences in the house during the past week.

        To conduct morning religious services.

        Not to be absent from house.


        11. He shall conduct the daily morning religious services of the house. And shall not be absent from the Institution at night after the ringing of the last city bell, unless by permission of the Chairman or Visiting Commissioner.

        C.O., 18 Oct., 1790.

        General Duties.

        Reside in house.

        C.O., 4th Aug., 1807.

        To hold no other office.


        II. The Matron--Shall watch over the morals and conduct of the children, direct the assistants and nurses, and see that they discharge their duties faithfully. Take care that the food and clothing provided for the children are wholesome and suitable; preserve order and decorum at table and elsewhere; attend the children at worship on the Sabbath, and obey all the directions of the Commissioners. She shall reside in the house and receive necessary provision for herself, and shall hold no other office or appointment unconnected with her employment in the house.

        Domestic economy.

        Apartments.

        Superintendence of departments.

        To employ girls in sewing room.


        2. In addition to the above duties prescribed by

Page 22

the Ordinances of Council, and in furtherance thereof, the Matron shall have charge of the domestic economy of the house; see that every apartment therein is kept in order, and that carefulness and exactitude shall mark the internal arrangements thereof. She shall have the general superintendence of the sewing, cooking and washing departments of the institution, and report to the Board any deficiencies therein. In connection with the Principal of the School, she shall employ the girls of suitable age in the sewing room and in household duties, and encourage in them habits of industry and usefulness.

        To promote health of children.

        Uniform.

        Dormitories.

        Attention to sick.


        3. She shall pay strict regard to the health of the children; see that time is allowed them for exercise and relaxation; that their clothes are properly made, washed, mended and preserved; that they are uniformly clad, and that no child upon the bounty of the Institution shall appear in any apparel than that prescribed by the regulations of the house; she shall superintend the dormitories and the bedding and furniture thereof, and require the same to be kept in a neat, cleanly and healthy condition; shall pay strict and kind attention to the sick, and see that everything needed for their comfort is supplied.

        To superintend nurses.

        Discipline.


        4. In her supervision of the nurses' department, she shall strive to make kindness and gentleness the spirit of discipline; to urge upon the nurses the duty of granting all favors, allowing all indulgences, and practising all forbearance towards those under their charge consistent with the well-being of the children, and which may go to make their orphan home a happy one.

        Moral Education.


        5. She shall have the general charge of the moral education of the children; devise and carry out such measures as may be approved for the formation of their manners and habits, the regulation

Page 23

of their dispositions, and the development of their social and religious character. She shall seek to instil into the youthful minds around her feelings of reverence and gratitude to their Heavenly Father, and to impress upon them a sense of their moral responsibilities, and the lessons of virtue and piety.


        Superintend supplies.

        Keep Book.

        Make report.


        6. She shall have the superintendence of all supplies furnished for the sewing department, and for the clothing and bedding of the children, and shall communicate to the board the wants of the house in these respects, with such recommendations as her experience may suggest. She shall keep a book of supplies and issues in this department, and submit the same to the Board at each weekly meeting; together with a report of such matters as she may deem important to the health and happiness of the children.


        C. O. 4th Aug., 1807.

        Duties.


        III. The Physician--(Elected by the City Council), shall attend on and administer medicines to all sick persons in the Institution, whether such persons be maintained or relieved in the same, or whether they be employed therein as officers, assistants or servants, and shall prefer no charge or demand, on account of attendance and medicines by him imparted to any officer or assistant in the institution.

        To have charge of hospital.

        Keep records.


        2. He shall have charge of the hospital and quarantine departments of the house, and give directions to the nurses employed therein; shall keep a record of the children admitted into the hospital; the name, sex, age and disease of each patient; when received and discharged, and the result of each case.

        Weekly report to Board. Annual Report.


        3. He Shall make a weekly report of his department to the Board, with such recommendations as he may consider important, and an annual report

Page 24

of the health statistics of the house for the past year, with such views as to the sanitary condition and regulations of the Institution as he may deem of interest, and worthy of notice and preservation.


        General duties.

        Clothing and bedding.

        Preparations for school.


        IV. The Nurses shall observe and fulfill every direction and regulation of the Commissioners, or of the Steward or Matron; they shall pay constant and particular attention to the persons, clothing and bedding of the children under their charge; lodge in the rooms with them, or in the adjoining rooms; see that they attend regularly upon morning prayers by the Steward, and that such of them as are connected with the school devote to study the time allotted to that purpose, and are ready, neatly and properly clad, to go directly from their rooms to the school punctually at the hours fixed for the opening of the same. All pupils absent from the dormitories at said times, shall be reported at once to the Steward.

        To wait on children at table.


        2. They shall wait upon and serve the children at their meals, and take their own at the tables provided for them, unless prevented by sickness.

        To attend children on Sabbath.



3. They shall be with their children as much as possible on the Sabbath, prepare them for Sunday School, and attend the chapel services in company with them in such rotation as the Matron shall prescribe.

        Domestic and moral habits.

        Discipline.

        Punishment.


        4. They shall be careful of the domestic habits of the children in the dormitories, and train them to cleanliness, neatness and regularity; shall watch over their morals and conduct, inciting them, by all gentle means, to kindness and affection towards one another, and exacting order and decorum at all times. They shall study to exhibit, in the care of the children committed to them, a spirit of indulgence, within all reasonable bounds, and the spirit of affection which responds willingly to their

Page 25

wishes, respects their feelings, welcomes their confidence, and prompts to cheerful obedience. They shall, under no circumstances, inflict corporal punishment upon any child; but in case of serious misconduct, shall report the same to the Steward or Matron, and abide by their decision.


        To have charge of clothing.

        Keep account of clothing sent to laundry.


        5. They shall have charge of the clothing of the children in their respective dormitories; shall mend the same whenever required, and see that they are regularly sent to the laundry, and returned in a reasonable time. They shall keep the book prescribed for the entry of all clothing sent to the laundry and returned therefrom, and report all errors and omissions, as soon as discovered, to the Matron. These books shall be submitted weekly to the Board.

        Report to Steward and Matron.

        Not to be absent without permission.


        6. They shall report to the Steward and Matron all absentees among their children, and all cases of sickness among them, as soon as observed. They shall not be absent themselves from the house without the permission of the Chairman of the Board, the Visiting Commissioner, the Steward, or the Matron.


        Duties.

        Instruct girls.

        Keep accounts.

        Record of pupils.


        V. The Sewing Mistress--Shall have charge of the sewing department, and manage and direct the same and all assistants employed therein, under the supervision of the Matron; shall instruct in sewing, and in the use of the sewing machine, such of the girls as may be assigned by the Matron and Principal of the School, and devote such hours to their instruction as may be fixed by them; shall make all the garments of the girls, and such clothing of the boys, and table and chamber furniture as may be required; shall keep an account of the supplies furnished to, and the issues from, her department, and render the same to the Matron weekly, to be by her submitted to the Board; shall

Page 26

keep a record of the skill, industry and conduct of the pupils in her department, and report the same annually, or whenever required, to the Matron.


        Duties.

        Washing list.

        Keep account.

        Repairs needed.


        VI. The Laundress--Shall have charge of the washing and ironing departments, and employ such assistants therein as may be necessary, under the direction of the Matron. She shall carefully compare the articles received from each dormitory with the list accompanying them, and report all errors and omissions to the Matron. All articles sent from the several departments of the house shall be properly washed, ironed and returned before others are received from the same department; shall keep the laundry in perfect order, and take care that no loss or waste occurs therein; shall keep an accurate account of the time of the assistants and servants, and report the same weekly the Matron. All repairs needed in this department shall be immediately reported to the Engineer.

        Duties.

        Meals.

        Repairs needed.


        VII. The Cook--Shall receive daily from the Steward the provisions for the house, and prepare and dress the same in a proper manner. Shall serve the meals of the officers and children punctually at the hours required. Keep the kitchen cooking utensils clean and neat, and obey all orders from the Steward and Matron. All repairs needed shall be reported to the Engineer as soon as discovered.

        Duties.

        Steam and water works.

        Superintend repairs.

        Keep account of fuel and gas.


        VIII. The Engineer--Shall have charge of and keep in perfect order the engine and boiler and the appurtenances thereof, and the washing, cooking, heating and water works of the house. Regulate the supply of steam and water, according to the wants of the various departments of the establishment. Superintend all repairs to the water,

Page 27

steam and gas pipes, and fixtures, and keep an account with the machinist of all work done; also an account of the coal and other fuel bought for the establishment, and of which he shall have the charge, and of the daily consumption thereof in each department and dormitory; also of the daily consumption of gas; and submit the said accounts to the Steward weekly, to be by him laid before the Board.

        Duties.

        Gardens.

        Cemetery.

        Keep gates.

        Close gates.


        IX. The Gardener and Porter--Shall have charge of the grounds attached to the Institution, and keep the same in proper order. Cultivate the kitchen and flower gardens, and instruct and employ therein such boys of the Institution as may be assigned to him for that purpose by the Steward. He shall also attend to the cemetery of the Institution, plant therein such ornamental shrubs and flowers as are suitable, and keep the same in neat and perfect order. As Porter, he shall keep the gate and occupy the lodge, answer all calls of visitors, and discharge all the duties usual to such office. He shall allow no child of the Institution to leave the premises without the permission of the Steward, and close the gates to all persons ten minutes after the ringing of the last city bell at night.

        All officers to give notice of intention to leave.


        X. The foregoing officers and all other persons employed in the establishment shall give at least one month's notice to the Board of their intention to leave; and, in default of such notice or leaving before the expiration of the month thereafter, shall forfeit all the pay then due to them.

FIFTH.

EDUCATION.

        Prefatory.


        I.--School.----The School being the great agent of reform and improvement, to which must be committed

Page 28

for the most part the physical, moral and intellectual culture of the children, it is expected that the highest standard, tone and efficiency shall be maintained and the best facilities provided.

        Daily sessions of the School.


        1. The School shall assemble every morning at nine o'clock, and continue until twelve, with two intermissions of fifteen minutes each, for the four classes of younger children, and one for the other portion of the scholars. It shall again assemble at three o'clock, and continue until five, with such intermissions as the Principal may direct.

        Opening and closing exercises.


        2. The School shall be opened with the reading of a portion of the Scriptures, and the appointed prayer and singing, and closed in the evening with prayer and singing. The service to be performed by the Principal or Teacher, or by a Commissioner or invited visitor. During this service the doors shall be closed, and the School guarded from interruption, so that the greatest solemnity shall be secured.

        Attendance of pupils from house.


        3. Every child in the Institution capable of receiving benefit from the School, shall attend the same, under such regulations as the Principal shall prescribe; and no child shall be kept from School, or taken therefrom, for fatigue or other duty, but with the consent of the Principal, who is responsible for the children during school hours.

        Non-resident pupils.


        4. No child of officer or stranger shall be received into the School without the special order of the Board, when its guardian shall sign a pledge that the child shall wear the same dress, be subject in all particulars to the same rules and regulations; and then such child shall be entitled to equal rights and privileges with the other children.

        Children to be neat and clean and punctual.

        Absentees.


        5. No child shall be received into the School that is not whole, clean and neat, but shall be reported and sent to the Steward or Matron-- taking note of the child and its nurse. Nor shall such child

Page 29

be received afterward, but at the hand of such officer, or upon a certificate. Nor shall any child be received who is not presented in proper season, but be proceeded with as above. All absentees to be reported daily at the office.

        Holidays and vacations.


        6. The School shall have two sessions daily, throughout the year, excepting Saturdays and Sundays: fourth of July, two weeks in August, eighteenth day of October, thanksgiving and fast days, Christmas and the days following to the first regular school day after the first of January. But the Principal and other Teachers shall be entitled to four additional weeks, to be taken at such times as may be most convenient to themselves, and, in the judgment of the Board, least detrimental to the School.

        Public examinations.


        7. There shall be at least one public examination of the children every year, in September, or at such other time as the Board may direct, when every child on the register able to attend, shall be presented and thoroughly examined by its Teacher in the various studies assigned to its grade in the established curriculum.

        Premiums.


        8. Premiums, upon a standard of merit, will be presented on each anniversary, to the excelling children of each class. The grade of merit to be determined by their numbers on their class book, meritorious conduct to count equally with proficiency in studies.


        Powers and duties of Principal.


        II.--Principal.--1. The Principal as the chief of the schools, shall have the supervision and management of the same, under the direction of the Committee on Schools; direct the order of exercises and studies to be from time to time pursued; establish, with the approval of this Board, rules for its government, and report irregularities and suggest reforms.

Page 30

        System of education.


        2. She shall see that the system of education, as prescribed by the Board and as now practiced in the School, is duly observed.

        The course to be established by the Board.


        3. The course shall be established by the Board, and no change in the same shall be allowed without their previous sanction.

        The Principal to have charge of books and rooms.


        4. The Principal shall take charge of all books and supplies received at the School, and distribute them as needed--shall have a supervisory power over the rooms of her department, and report any neglect of the same to the School Committee.

        Keep Register.


        5. It shall be her duty to keep a register of her own, and of her teachers' attendance.

        To direct attendance of teachers at other than school hours.


        6. When deemed necessary by the Principal, for the interests of the school, for the detention of insubordinate or negligent pupils, or for the improvement of any pupil or class, in the preparation of their lessons, or for any discipline or duty, she is authorized to require the attendance of the teacher or teachers, to take charge of such pupils, and render such assistance, at such time as may be directed, beyond the usual school hours.

        To report neglects to Board.


         7. In cases of evident neglect of duty, or of evidence of want of proper spirit or of attainments in the position held, the Principal shall notify the party of the same, and if the party so warned of their failings, shall disregard her counsels, she shall then report the facts in writing to the Board at their next meeting.

        To reside in house and act as Matron in case of death or absence.


        8. She shall reside in the house, and in case of the death or absence of the Matron, shall perform her duties; shall conform to the rules of the Institution, and strive to promote its interests.


        General duties.


        III.--Teachers.--It shall be the duty of every teacher, by example and precept, to impress upon the children the importance of punctuality, regularity and neatness.

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        To engage in no conflicting duties.


        2. No teacher shall be permitted to be occupied in any other than the legitimate business of the School, during school hours, or to undertake any conflicting arrangements.

        To have charge of books and stationery.


        3. The books and stationery used in each class shall be considered as under the care and supervision of the Teacher of the class, who shall accordingly be held responsible for a prudent and proper care of them.

        The Assistant Teachers.

        Discipline.


        4. The Assistant Teachers shall strive so to discipline the classes under their charge, as to avoid, if possible, a report to the principal, who alone shall have power to inflict or direct corporal punishment in the School.

        Absence of Teachers.


        5. In ease of the expected absence of any Teacher, the Principal shall be apprised and consulted as early as possible as to the contemplated absence and its probable duration.

        To pursue course of study.


        6. It is expected that all the Teachers shall pursue a course of study to improve themselves as teachers; and an evidence of self-improvement shall be deemed indispensable to promotion or increase of salary.

        Absence of Principal


        7. In the absence of the Principal, the charge of the School shall devolve upon the first Assistant, and so on in the regular order of assistants.

        Violation of rules.


        8. If a Principal or Teacher violate any of these rules, or the instruction of the officers, the Board reserves the right to determine whether such Principal or Teacher shall be longer retained.

        Notice of resignation.


        9. Any Teacher intending to resign from, or otherwise abandon the duties in the School, shall give one month's notice of such intention, and in default of such notice, shall forfeit all arrears of salary.


        Superintendent and his duties.


        IV. The Sunday School for the religious, but not sectarian, instruction of the children of the Institution, shall be under the superintendance of one of

Page 32

the Commissioners, who shall select the teachers, arrange the classes, determine the text books, and govern the school, subject to the approval of the Board.

        Resolution of Council.

        Who may be sent.


        V. High School and College of Charleston.--Such boys of the Orphan House as exhibit superior talents, united with approved moral qualities, may be sent by the Commissioners to the High School of Charleston, and thence to the College of Charleston, for the completion of their education.

        Students residing in house.


        2. The High School and College boys, residing in the Institution, shall be subject to the rules of the house and the superintendance of the Steward.

        Acts of Assembly, 21st Decem. 1854.

        Two youths to be sent by Commissioners every four years.


        VI. State Military Schools.--The Commissioners of the Orphan House are authorized to select, once in every four years, two youths from the number educated and maintained on the bounty of that Institution, for the purpose of completing their education at the Military Schools of the State and graduating therein, provided, that it does not increase the number to which Charleston District is now entitled.

        Ib.

        Expense to be borne by state.


        2. All expense incident to the education and maintenance of the said youths shall be defrayed from the amount annually appropriated by the Legislature to the said Military Schools.

        Ib.

        Vacancies filled.


        3. As the youths so chosen shall graduate, or in it the case of the death, expulsion or removal of any of them, the Commissioners are authorized to fill up any vacancy occasioned thereby.

        A. A., 21st Dec., 1813.

        One youth to be sent annually.


        VII. South Carolina College.--The Commissioners of the Orphan House are authorized to select annually one youth, educated and maintained on the bounty of that Institution, for the purpose of completing his education at the South Carolina College.

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        Ib.

        Expense to be borne by State.


        2. All expense incident to the education and maintenance of the said boys, (clothing excepted,) shall be defrayed from the amount annually appropriated by the Legislature to the South Carolina College.

        Ib.

        Vacancies filled.


        3. As the youths so chosen shall graduate, or in the case of the death, expulsion or removal of any of them, the Commissioners are authorized to fill up any vacancy occasioned thereby.

        Ib.

        Appropriation for clothing.


        4. The sum of one hundred and fifty dollars is annually appropriated for the clothing of each of the said boys while they remain at the College, not exceeding the term usually allowed candidates for the first degree.

        Resolution of Council, 17th July, 1855.

        Appropriation for College boys.


        5. The sum of eighty dollars is annually appropriated by the City Council, for the purpose of aiding the object of the State Legislature in the provision made for the education of the boys of this Institution.

SIXTH.

ADMISSION AND DISPOSAL OF CHILDREN.

        Requisites for admission.

        Character

        Residence

        Form of application


        1. No child shall be admitted into the house unless surrendered and legally bound to the Institution by the parent or guardian, or by the Commissioners of the Poor. Nor shall any child be admitted who, from character or from unsoundness of mind or body, is likely to interfere with the morals or health of the other children in the house, or otherwise injuriously affect them. Nor shall any child be admitted who has not resided within the limits of the city at least twelve months previous to the application for admission, or be ordered by the City Council to be received. All applications for admissions shall be made agreeably to a form prescribed by the Board.

        Applications to be referred and reported on.


        2. All applications after being read at a meeting of the Board, shall be referred to the Visiting

Page 34

Commissioner of that week, who shall inquire into and report thereon, in writing, at the next meeting of the Board.

        Applicants to appear before Commissioners.


        3. Applicants for the admission of children shall attend in person with the children upon the meeting to which the Visiting Commissioner makes his report, unless excused from attending by said Commissioner.


        Inmates to be retained until bound out or given up to parents or friends.


        4. Children once admitted shall remain in the care of the Institution until they are of suitable age to be bound out to some useful trade, calling or employment, unless previously given up to their relatives, who may be able to support them, and otherwise approved, or to some other suitable person, who shall be responsible for their nurture, maintenance and education.

        Annual list of children to leave house.

        Private inducements to children not to be offered without permission.


        5. The Principal of the School, together with the Steward and Matron, shall, annually, or oftener if necessary, prepare a list of the boys and girls who are prepared to leave the Institution, and report said list to the Board. And the same being approved, the children upon the list shall be presented, singly, to all suitable applicants for apprentices in the presence of a Commissioner, or of the Steward, Matron, or Principal of the School. No child shall be dismissed from the care of the Institution, or be bound out, except an order to that effect be made by the Board. Nor shall any one be allowed to approach any child with offers or inducements to leave the Institution without the express permission of the Board, the Chairman, or the Visiting Commissioner.

SEVENTH.

PUBLIC SERVICES IN CHAPEL.

        Invitation to clergy.


        1. The clergy of the city shall be annually invited, in the month of May, to officiate in turn at

Page 35

the Sabbath afternoon service of the Chapel. A roster shall be prepared by the "Committee on the Chapel" of such of the clergy as may accept the invitation, and printed copies of the said roster, specifying the days of service, shall be furnished to the said clergymen.

        Attendance of officers and nurses.


        2. The Steward and Matron, and at least four of the nurses, shall attend the said service with the children, and see that the order and decorum suited to the solemnity of Divine worship is observed by them.

EIGHTH.

VISITORS.

        When allowed to visit house.


        The house shall be open to the public, every Wednesday, but strangers may be admitted on any day except Sunday. The hospital shall, however, not be open to visitors except with the permission of a Commissioner, the Physician, or the Steward.

NINTH.

ANNIVERSARY.

        Time of annual celebration.

        Public address.


        The anniversary of the Institution shall be celebrated on the 18th day of October in each year, except when that day shall fall on Saturday, Sunday or Monday, when it shall take place on the Tuesday following. Previous to every anniversary, the Board shall invite a suitable person to deliver an address appropriate to the occasion, and make such other arrangements as they may deem proper, and for the welfare of the Institution.

TENTH.

AMENDMENT OF THESE BY-LAWS.

        Notice to be given.


        These By-Laws, after they are approved by the Council, shall not be altered except at a regular meeting of the Board, one week's notice of such intended alteration having been previously given.

Page 36

Commissioners of the Orphan House
FROM 1790 TO 1861.

CHAIRMEN OF THE COMMISSIONERS.

  • 1. ARNOLDUS VANDERHORST, Intendant and Chairman, ex officio,
    From 28 October, 1790, to 28 October, 1792.
  • 2. JOHN HUGER, Intendant and Chairman, ex officio,
    From 28 October, 1792, to December, 1792.
  • 3. CHARLES LINING, first Chairman elected by the Commissioners,
    From 13 December, 1792, to 18 August, 1796.
  • 4. RAWLINS LOWNDES,
    From 26 August, 1796, to 29 July, 1797.
  • 5. JOHN BEE HOLMES,
    From 12 August, 1797, to 6 October, 1808.
  • 6. HENRY WILLIAM DE SAUSSURE,
    From 6 October, 1808, to 16 April, 1812.
  • 7. DANIEL STEVENS,
    From 5 May, 1812, to 28 January, 1819.
  • 8. JOHN DAWSON,
    From 28 January, 1819, to 29 May, 1823.
  • 9. THOMAS LEE,
    From 12 June, 1823, to 8 December, 1825.
  • 10. THOMAS ROPER,
    From 15 December, 1825, to 23 February, 1826.
  • 11. JAMES JERVEY,
    From 25 May, 1826, to 31 May, 1838.
  • 12. HENRY ALEXANDER DE SAUSSURE,
    From 7 June, 1838, to

Page 37

COMMISSIONERS.

        
 ELECTED. RETIRED.
1. John Mitchell 25 Oct., 1790 27 Nov., 1794
2. John Robertson 25 Oct., 1790 13 Dec., 1792
3. Richard Cole 25 Oct., 1790 5 July, 1792
4. Arnoldus Vanderhorst 25 Oct., 1790 18 Aug., 1796
5. Thomas Corbett 25 Oct., 1790 18 Aug., 1796
6. Charles Lining 25 Oct., 179018 Aug., 1796
7. William Marshall 25 Oct., 1790 1 Nov., 1792
8. Thomas Jones 25 Oct., 1790 1 Nov., 1792
9. Samuel Beckman 25 Oct., 1790 18 Aug., 1796
10. Timothy Ford 5 July, 1792 1 Nov., 1792
11. John Huger 1 Nov., 1792 18 Aug., 1796
12. Tucker Harris 1 Nov., 1792 27 Nov., 1794
13. Stephen Lee 1 Nov., 1792 18 Aug., 1796
14. John Champneys 13 Dec., 1792 18 Aug., 1796
15. Thomas Roper 10 Oct., 1794 18 Aug., 1796
16. Thomas Hall 2 Nov., 1794 18 Aug., 1796
17. Rawlins Lowndes 24 Aug., 1796 29 July, 1797
18. John Bee Holmes 24 Aug., 1796 24 Oct., 1808.
19. Philip Gadsden 24 Aug., 1796 27 Oct., 1814
20. William Somarsall 24 Aug., 1796 24 Oct., 1810
21. Alexander Alexander 24 Aug., 1796 21 Feb., 1800
22. John Parker 24 Aug., 1796 20 June, 1814
23. Richard Wainwright 24 Aug., 1796 16 Oct., 1797
24. Rev. Mr. Jenkins 24 Aug., 1796 16 Oct., 1797
25. William Crafts 24 Aug., 1796 16 Oct., 1797
26. John Rutledge, Jr. 1 Sept., 1796 16 Oct., 1797
27. John Edwards 29 July, 1797 1 Feb., 1799
28. Thomas Simons 16 Oct., 1797 1 Feb., 1805
29. William Johnson, Sr. 16 Oct., 1797 17 Oct., 1803
30. Daniel Hall 16 Oct., 1797 20 Oct., 1800

Page 38

31. Nathaniel Russell 1 Feb., 1797 23 Oct., 1809
32. Daniel Stevens 21 Feb., 1800 5 June, 1828
33. Henry W. De Saussure 4 April, 1800 16 April, 1812
34. William Allen Deas 18 Oct., 1803 20 Oct., 1806
35. William Johnson, Jr. 1 Nov., 1804 26 June, 1807
36. Daniel Hall 1 Feb., 1805 23 Oct., 1809
37. John Dawson, Jr. 26 June, 1807 4 Nov., 1823
38. Keating Simons 24 Oct., 1808 23 Oct., 1809
39. Langdon Cheves 23 Oct., 1809 24 Oct., 1810
40. John Brownlee 23 Oct., 1809 24 Oct., 1810
41. Dr. T. H. McCalla 23 Oct., 1809 6 March, 1811
42. John C. Faber 24 Oct., 1810 24 Oct., 1811
43. John Geddes 24 Oct., 1810 19 Oct., 1812
44. Joseph Manigault 23 Oct., 1810 6 March, 1811
45. Thomas Bennett, Jr. 6 March, 1811 27 Oct., 1814
46. William Johnson, Jr. 24 Oct., 1811 25 Oct., 1816
47. Charles J. Steedman 16 April, 1812 27 Oct., 1814
48. Thomas Lee 19 Oct., 1812 19 June, 1827
49. Thomas Lowndes 20 June, 1814 22 Oct., 1821
50. Henry Deas 27 Oct., 1814 25 Oct., 1838
51. Elias Horry 27 Oct., 1814 6 Nov., 1834
52. Daniel E. Huger 27 Oct., 1814 25 Oct., 1816
53. Langdon Cheves 25 Oct., 1816 27 Oct., 1817
54. C. R. Greene 25 Oct., 1817 27 Oct., 1817
55. Thomas W. Bacot 27 Oct., 1817 6 Nov., 1828
56. Nathaniel Heyward 27 Oct., 1817 26 Oct., 1818
57. Peter Wyatt 31 July, 1818 26 Oct., 1818
58. Charles Pinckney 31 July, 1818 26 Oct., 1818
59. Thomas Bennett 26 Oct., 1818 1 April, 1824
60. John S. Cogdell 23 Oct., 1820 10 May, 1826
61. William Brisbane 22 March, 1821 21 Feb., 1822
62. James Jervey 22 March, 1821 31 May, 1838
63. Thomas Hanscome 22 March, 1821 11 March, 1823
64. Stephen Elliott 9 April, 1821 29 Oct., 1829
65. John J. Bulow 21 Feb., 1822 31 Oct., 1822
66. Sam'l Prioleau 31 Oct., 1822 31 Oct., 1826
67. William Washington 11 March, 1823 6 Nov., 1828
68. Thomas Roper 4 Nov., 1823 25 Oct., 1827
69. John H. Read 1 April, 1824 27 Oct., 1831
70. James L. Petigru 10 May, 1826 6 Nov., 1828
71. John Gadsden 21 Oct., 1826 25 Oct., 1827

Page 39

72. Henry A. De Saussure 19 June, 1827 
73. Thomas S. Grimke 25 Oct., 182729 Oct, 1829
74. Joshua W. Toomer 25 Oct., 1827 25 Oct., 1838
75. James Cuthbert 29 May, 1828 28 July, 1831
76. Lionel H. Kennedy 5 June, 1828 2 Nov., 1837
77. John Parker,Jr. 6 Nov, 1828 3 Nov., 1836
78. Thomas Blackwood 6 Nov., 1828 29 Oct., 1829
79. Charles C. Pinckney 29 Oct., 1829 26 May, 1831
80. Henry W. Peronneau 29 Oct., 1829 3 May, 1832
81. Daniel Huger 29 Oct., 1829 27 Oct., 1831
82. William A. Smith 2 June, 1831 27 Oct., 1831
83. Daniel Ravenel 28 July, 1831 27 Oct., 1831
84. Stephen Elliott 27 Oct., 1831 16 Feb., 1832
85. Charles J. Colcock 27 Oct., 1831 3 Nov., 1836
86. Isaac E. Holmes 27 Oct., 1831 25 Oct., 1832
87. R. J. Turnbull 27 Oct., 1831 25 Oct., 1832
88. Dr. Thos. Y. Simons 16 Feb., 1832 2 Nov., 1837
89. Edward H. Edwards 3 May, 1832 25 April, 1843
90. H. L. Pinckney 25 Oct., 1832 6 Nov., 1834
91. John Ball 25 Oct., 1832 6 Nov., 1834
92. James Hamilton, Jr. 7 Nov., 1833 6 Nov., 1834
93. John Bryan 6 Nov., 1834 2 Nov., 1837
94. Benjamin Elliot 6 Nov., 1834 3 Nov., 1836
95. Thomas Gadsden 6 Nov., 1834 5 Nov., 1835
96. Dr. J. M. Campbell 5 Nov., 1835 2 Nov., 1837
97. Arthur P. Hayne 3 Nov., 1836 2 Nov., 1837
98. Daniel Ravenel 3 Nov., 1836 7 Nov., 1839
99. Daniel C. Webb 3 Nov., 1836 4 Nov., 1841
100. John Magrath 2 Nov., 1837 25 Oct., 1838
101. John S. Cogdell 2 Nov., 1837 4 Nov., 1841
102. Rev. Wm. Capers 2 Nov., 1837 25 Oct., 1838
103. Robt. B. Gilchrist 2 Nov., 1837 4 Nov., 1841
104. Dr. Saml. Wilson 2 Nov., 1837 25 Oct., 1838
105. Francis Lance 25 Oct., 1838 4 Nov., 1841
106. James Legare 25 Oct., 1838 12 Nov., 1840
107. John Huger 25 Oct., 1838 27 July, 1848
108. John C. Ker 25 Oct., 1838 4 Nov., 1841
109. Mordecai Cohen 25 Oct., 1838 30 May, 1844
110. Edward Frost 7 Nov., 1839 8 May, 1845
111. Casimer Patrick 7 Nov., 1839 4 Nov., 1841
112. N. R. Middleton 12 Nov., 1840 7 Nov., 1844

Page 40

113. W. B. Pringle 4 Nov., 1841 6 Feb., 1851
114. James H. Ladson 4 Nov., 1841 1 Nov., 1849
115. Wm. Bell 4 Nov., 1841 13 Oct., 1853
116. Charles T. Lowndes 4 Nov., 1841 6 Nov., 1851
117. Jacob Axson 4 Nov., 1841 27 Oct., 1842
118. John Hunter 4 Nov., 1841 28 Jan., 1847
119. Daniel C. Webb 27 Oct., 1842 19 Dec., 1850
120. Samuel R. Ripley 25 April, 1843 26 Oct., 1843
121. Casimer Patrick 26 Oct., 1843 4 Nov., 1847
122. M. T. Mendenhall 30 May, 1844 29 Oct., 1846
123. Henry D. Lesesne 30 May, 1844 13 July, 1854
124. Charles Alston 8 May, 1845 31 July, 1851
125. Edward Sebring 29 Oct., 1846 7 June, 1855
126. Dr. Edward North 28 Jan., 1847 31 Oct., 1850
127. S. P. Ripley 4 Nov., 1847 2 Nov., 1848
128. Thomas Farr Capers 27 July, 1848 20 March, 1851
129. Dr. P. Tidyman 2 Nov., 1848 1 Nov., 1849
130. J. P. Jervey 1 Nov., 1849 31 Oct., 1850
131. W. J. Bennett 1 Nov., 1849 31 Oct., 1850
132. William Aiken 29 Oct., 1850 16 Dec., 1856
133. Edward Manigault 29 Oct., 1850 19 Dec., 1850
134. George Buist 29 Oct., 1850 
135. W. C. Dukes 19 Dec., 1850 14 Aug., 1851
136. Dr. L. A. Frampton 19 Dec., 1850 22 Dec., 1857
137. W. J. Bennett 6 Feb., 1851  
138. C. G. Memminger 20 March, 1851  
139. Dr. James Moultrie 29 July, 1851 
140. James M. Caldwell 14 Aug., 1851 16 Dec., 1856
141. Dr. Benj. Huger 6 Nov., 1851  
142. Wm. C. Bee 7 Oct., 1853  
143. William H. Gilliland 7 July, 1854  
144. George M. Coffin 29 May, 1855  
145. Dr. S. H. Dickson 16 Dec., 1856 12 Nov., 1857
146. Wm. H. Houston 16 Dec., 1856  
147. John H. Honour 22 Dec., 1857  
148. James Tupper 22 Dec., 1857 

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