Epes Sargent, 1813-1880. The Standard Speller; Containing Exercises for Oral Spelling; Also, Sentences for Silent Spelling by Writing from Dictation, in Which the Representative Words and the Anomalous Words of the English Language are so Classified as to Indicate Their Pronunciation, and to be Fixed in the Memory by Association.

The Standard Speller; Containing Exercises for Oral Spelling; also,
Sentences for Silent Spelling by Writing from Dictation.
In Which the Representative Words and the Anomalous Words of the English Language
are so Classified as to Indicate Their Pronunciation,
and to be Fixed in the Memory by Association:
Electronic Edition.

Sargent, Epes, 1813-1880.

Funding from the Institute of Museum and Library Services
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(title page) The Standard Speller; Containing Exercises for Oral Spelling; also, Sentences for Silent Spelling by Writing from Dictation. In Which the Representative Words and the Anomalous Words of the English Language are so Classified as to Indicate Their Pronunciation, and to be Fixed in the Memory by Association.
(cover) The Standard Speller; Containing Exercises for Oral Spelling; also, Sentences for Silent Spelling by Writing from Dictation.
Epes Sargent
168p.
Macon, Ga.:
J. W. Burke.
1861.

Call number 4080conf (Rare Book Collection, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)

        The electronic edition is a part of the UNC-CH digitization project, Documenting the American South.
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        Any hyphens occurring in line breaks have been removed, and the trailing part of a word has been joined to the preceding line.
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Library of Congress Subject Headings, 21st edition, 1998

Languages Used:

English

LC Subject Headings:

Revision History:

2001-03-26,
Celine Noel and Wanda Gunther
revised TEIHeader and created catalog record for the electronic edition.
2001-02-01,
Joshua G. McKim
finished TEI-conformant encoding and final proofing.
2001-01-09,
Joshua G. McKim
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Apex Data Services, Inc.
finished text transcription

THE
STANDARD SPELLER;
CONTAINING
EXERCISES FOR ORAL SPELLING;
ALSO,
SENTENCES FOR SILENT SPELLING
BY WRITING FROM DICTATION.
IN WHICH THE REPRESENTATIVE WORDS AND THE ANOMALOUS WORDS
OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARE SO CLASSIFIED AS TO INDICATE
THEIR PRONUNCIATION, AND TO BE FIXED IN THE
MEMORY BY ASSOCIATION.

EPES SARGENT,
AUTHOR OF "THE STANDARD SPEAKER," ETC.

MACON, GA.:
J. W. BURKE.
1861.

Page verso

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year eighteen hundred and fifty-six, by EPES SARGENT, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the District of Massachusetts.
PRINTED BY R. M. EDWARDS.

Page iii

PREFACE.

SINCE we learn the orthography of words mainly in order to be able to write them correctly, it is matter for surprise that the practice of silent spelling by writing words from dictation is not resorted to more generally in instruction. Experienced teachers are well aware that many learners will spell a word orally with accuracy, who, if they had been made to write it, would have blundered. In England, as we learn from Mr. G. F Graham, author of an improved manual of English Spelling, "the old practice of making pupils repeat words arranged in columns is now nearly superseded by the far preferable plan of Dictation Exercises." Mr. Smart, the eminent lexicographer remarks, that "the ordinary, and perhaps the shortest way of learning spelling is by the eye, in the same manner that we learn pronunciation by the ear." The testimony of many eminent American teachers in support of these conclusions might be quoted.

The present volume has been prepared with the view of combining the advantages of oral spelling with silent spelling, by writing. Some simple introductory exercises are first given, followed by sentences for writing, some of which are in script type, that may be transcribed by pupils requiring the practice.

In Part Second, words for oral spelling are classified according to their prominent elementary vowel sounds. Following these are classes of words illustrating the vowel sounds in unaccented syllables, penultimate and final, and the difficult consonant sounds and substitutes. These are followed by exercises on words containing silent letters; on homophonous words; Rules for Spelling; words alike in form, but differing in accent; Prefixes and Affixes; the contractions in common use; the singular and plural forms of the possessive case, &c.

For convenience of reference, the words for spelling, presented in large type, are in alphabetical order; and the teacher will not use

Page iv

the book long before he will find the great advantages of this in enabling him to turn readily to a given word. In copying the dictation exercises, the pupil can always satisfy himself in regard to the pronunciation or syllabication of an exemplifying word, by referring to it in the paragraph of a corresponding number in large type. Orthoëpy and orthography are thus simultaneously taught, as they should be, and this without resort to arbitrary marks and figures, which are either not heeded at all, or are a stumbling-block and a mystification to the young. A few italicized letters are all that are used to indicate one of the dual sounds of g, n, s, and th, or the presence, in a few instances, of a silent letter.

It has been objected by some one to the system of classification that it makes spelling "too easy and mechanical a process;" that the learner having a formula for an entire class of words, or for the most difficult portions of them, may trust too much to the key thus supplied to his memory, and not give sufficient attention to the spelling of each particular word. Abundant experience has proved that the objection is imaginary and fallacious. Any system by which we render a difficult task less difficult must, in the nature of things, be an advantage. By classification we fix an object in the memory, by making it one of a group, instead of an isolated anomaly. In using the present work, the skillful teacher will, moreover, by frequent reviews, and by skipping from one class of words to another, make the exercises as miscellaneous as can be desired, after the way has been smoothed by classification.

In instances where authorities differ in regard to the spelling of words, we have generally presented both Webster's and Walker's orthography; giving precedence to that of the former, as more sanctioned by usage in the United States. It is obvious that the fact of the existing variance ought to be made familiar to the young; but the teacher is left at liberty to enjoin upon his pupils whichever mode he may prefer.

The plan adopted in some spelling-books, of arranging columns of words of cognate signification as synonyms, has not, for good reasons, been followed. In nine cases out of ten the words presented as such are not strictly synonymous; and the young learner, from being taught so to regard them, acquires a habit of confounding shades of difference, fatal to precision in the use of language.

In the syllabication of words, we have aimed at exhibiting their roots, prefixes, and affixes, as far as this can be done, without misleading the learner as to the pronunciation. In effecting this desirable

Page v

compromise, perfect consistency, as all lexicographers admit, cannot be attained.

Different modes of using the exercises have been employed with success. The teacher may give out an entire sentence from the dictation exercises, and require pupils to spell every word orally; or he may require them to copy the sentential exercises several times on a slate, and then to write them down from dictation. If the learner is sufficiently advanced, he may be directed to form sentences himself, containing the words presented in large type. The black-board may be used with good effect in drilling a class. Words may be written, divided by hyphens, the accented syllables marked, and a line drawn through the silent letters, should there be any. A pupil may be called upon to do this; and should he make an error, other members of the class may indicate it in any manner the teacher may prefer. It may be well to vary the mode of instruction, in order to keep the attention awake, and give the attraction of variety to lessons.

The mere reading of the sentential exercises, in accustoming the eye to the form and length of words, will be found a most important aid in fixing the orthography in the memory; and if these exercises were used in no other way, they would still be valuable adjunts to the spelling-book.

Homophonous words present some of the greatest difficulties to young learners; and the list of such words, with exercises upon them, will be found unusually complete in this work. Their meaning is generally sufficiently indicated in the sentences in which they are introduced.

The power of the accentual mark, of the hyphen, &c., should be thoroughly explained to the learner before he enters upon words of more than one syllable. It will be seen that where the accent is used the hyphen is omitted as superfluous; the accentual mark indicating not only the accent, but the syllabic division. In words where the accent falls on the last syllable, the accentual mark is generally omitted, as its omission after the preceding syllable or syllables sufficiently shows that the accent must necessarily fall on the last syllable

Page 6

TAB OF THE ELEMENTARY SOUNDS IN THE
ENGLISH LANGUAGE.

VOWEL SOUNDS.

1. That of a in father.
2. That of a in fat.
3. That of a in fate.
4. That of a in fall.
5. That of e in mete.
6. That of e in met.
7. That of i in fit.
8. That of o in note.
9. That of o in not.
10. That of u in bull.
11. That of oo in fool.
12. That of u in but.

VOWEL OR CONSONANT SOUNDS.

[1]3. That of w in wet.
14. That of y in yet.

CONSONANT SOUNDS.

15. That of h in hot, an aspirate, or simple breathing.
16. That of ng in king, a nasal consonant sound.
17. That of m in man, a liquid nasal consonant sound.
18. That of n in not, a liquid nasal consonant sound.
19. That of l in let, a liquid consonant sound.
20. That of r in run, a liquid consonant sound.

COGNATE CONSONANT SOUNDS.

21. That of p in pan, aspirate. vocal.
22. That of b in bag, aspirate. vocal.
23. That of f in fag, aspirate. vocal.
24. That of v in van, aspirate. vocal.
25. That of th in thin, aspirate. vocal.
26. That of th in thine, aspirate. vocal.
27. That of t in tin, aspirate. vocal.
28. That of d in din, aspirate. vocal.
29. That of k in kind, aspirate vocal.
30. That of g in gun, aspirate vocal.
31. That of s in sin, aspirate vocal.
32. That of z in zeal, aspirate vocal.
33. That of sh in shine, aspirate vocal.
34. That of z in azure, aspirate vocal.

COMPOUND VOWEL SOUNDS.

1. That of i in pine.
2. That of u in cube.
3. That of ou in house.
4. That of oi in voice.

COMPOUND CONSONANT SOUNDS.

1. That of ch in chest (aspirate).
2. That of j in jest (vocal).

MODIFIED VOWEL SOUNDS.

[1. ]a long before r, as in fare.
[2. ]a intermediate, as in fast.
3. e short and obtuse, as in her.
4. i short and obtuse, as in fir.
5. u short and obtuse, as in fur.
6. y short and obtuse, as in myrrh.
7. a obscure, as in rival.
8. e obscure, as in brier.
9. i obscure, as in infinite.
10. o obscure, as in actor.
11. u obscure, as in sulphur

Page vii

LETTERS, WORDS, AND SENTENCES.

ORTHOGRAPHY treats of letters and syllables.

The English alphabet consists of twenty-six letters.

Letters are divided into vowels and consonants.

A vowel is a letter which makes by itself a distinct sound.

A consonant is a letter which cannot be distinctly sounded without a vowel.

A, e, i, o, u, are vowels. W and y are vowels when they do not begin a word or a syllable The remaining nineteen letters are consonants.

W and y are consonants when they begin a word or a syllable.

The letters c, q, and x, do not appear in the preceding Table of Sounds, because as representatives of sound they are not wanted. C is equivalent to s or k; q, to kw; x, to eks. For instance, the words city and can are respectively pronounced sity and kan; and the words queen and box are respectively pronounced kween and boks.

Of the compound sounds, i long is composed of the first and fifth elementary sounds (the a in father and the e in me), rapidly combined in the pronunciation; u long, of the seventh and eleventh (the i in fit and the oo in fool); oi, of the fourth and fifth (the a in fall and the e in me). Ch is the sound of tsh; j, of dzh (the twenty-eighth and thirty-fourth elementary sounds).

The union of two vowels in one sound is called a diphthong. When both vowels are heard it is called a proper diphthong; as oy, in boy. When only one of the vowels is heard it is called an improper diphthong; as oa in coat. The union of three vowels in one sound is called a triphthong; as iew in view. The diphthongs oe and oe, pronounced like e long, are used sometimes in words derived from the Latin; but a simple e is now generally used for them in English.

A digraph is a union of two vowels, or of two consonants, in one sound.

A syllable is a single sound represented by one or more letters; as a, an, and. In every syllable there must be at least one vowel sound.

A word of one syllable is called a monosyllable, as just; a word of two syllables, a dissyllable, as just'ice; a word of three syllables, a trisyllable, as just'i-fy; a word of more than three syllables, a polysyllable, as just-ca'tion.

An elementary sound is one which is not produced by the union of any two or more sounds.

A cognate sound is one related to another.

An aspirate sound is a whispering or hissing sound, in which the breath is chiefly exercised. A vocal sound is one which is produced more by the pure, natural tone of the voice.

A substitute is a letter, or combination of letters, representing the appropriate sound of another letter

Page viii

By an obscure vowel sound we mean one in which the absence of accent makes the sound less exact. The second a in madman has an obscure sound of short a.

A simple word is one that is not compounded; as boy, book.

A compound word is one composed of two or more simple words; as salt-cellar, wood-shed.

A primitive word is one not derived from another, but constituting a radical stock, from which others are derived; as hope, grace, earth.

A derivative word is one formed from a primitive, with the addition of some prefix or affix; as hope'ful, grace'less, earth'en, dis-grace'.

Spelling is the art of writing with the proper letters, or of reading by naming letters singly.

Accent is a stress of voice upon a syllable of a word. In the word dis'tant, there is an emphasis or stress on the first syllable; in the word suc-cess', on the second. Every word of more than one syllable has one of its syllables accented. (See page 135.)

The proper division of words into syllables is called syllabication.

Words so arranged as to have a meaning form a sentence; that is, every sentence tells something. But we must mention what that subject is, before there can be a speech about it. Having done this, the speech about it naturally comes next.

Every sentence, therefore, must contain, at the least, two things: 1st. That which is mentioned. 2ndly. The speech about it. "That which is mentioned' is called the subject. "The speech about the subject" is called the predicate, or speech; that is, what is predicated or spoken of the subject.

There cannot, therefore, be less than two words in a sentence; because nothing can be mentioned in less than one word, and no speech can take place about it in less than one word. For instance, "man walks" is as short a sentence as can be framed; the subject "man" being one word, and the predicate or speech-clause "walks" being one word.

The question, "Who or what is mentioned?" will always return the subject as its answer. And, "What is said of the subject?" will return the predicate or speech-clause.

It is evident that no mention can be made of anything unless it is named. In Grammar, everything that is named in one word is called a noun. Nouns, or things named in one word, form a distinct class of words. Every distinct class of words is called a Part of Speech.

No sentence can be without a noun, or something representing a noun, as its subject. But something more than a subject is wanted for a sentence; there must be a predicate; that is, something must be said of the subject.

If this is done by one word, that word is called a verb. Verbs, therefore are words which tell or speak of something. In the simplest form of sentence therefore, the subject is a noun, and the predicate a verb.

Page ix

DIRECTIONS.

WORDS are so classified in this work, that few arbitrary marks are required as a guide to the proper sound of letters.

Before a, o, u, l, r, t, C has the sound of k; it has the sound of s before y; also before e and i, except where a different sound is specially indicated by its classification.

The digraph ch occurring in words in this volume has always its pure English sound of tsh (as in child, much, &c.), except where a different sound is specially indicated in the classification.

G has its hard sound, as in bag, except where it is italicized, or where the classification renders this unnecessary. G is hard (as in gave) before a, e, and u; before e, i, and y, it generally has the soft sound of j; but there are many exceptions to this.

S has its aspirate sound, as in sin, except where it is italicized, and then it has the vocal sound of z in zeal.

Th italicized, and not classified, has its vocal sound, as in thine; not italicized, it has its aspirate sound, as in think.

N italicized has the sound of ng, as in an'ger, van'quish. N preceding the sound of k in the same syllable has a close sound of ng, as in thank.

The italicizing of any other letters, whether vowels or consonants, is to indicate that they are silent, or unsounded.

R is rough or trilled when it begins a word or syllable with or without a consonant element; as ray, tray. Otherwise situated, it has a smooth or untrilled sound, as in hare, carve, abhor. The habit of rolling or trilling final r in such words as butter, matter, &c., should be carefully corrected.

Words of more than one syllable may be divided by the hyphen (-), and the accentual mark ('). In dissyllables and trisyllables, where the accent is on the last syllable, it is sufficiently indicated in the absence of the accentual mark, showing that the accent is on no preceding syllable. The hyphen is sometimes used to separate the parts of a compound word; as milk-maid.

The mark of the makron (as over the a in f[small a, breve]te) is to indicate the long sound of a vowel; the mark of the breve (as in f[small a, breve]t, f[small i, breve]t) is to indicate the short sound. When u has the mark of the makron over it, it has its long y sound, as in m[small u, macron]te. When u forms a syllable by itself, it generally has this sound.

The dioeresis is sometimes placed over a vowel, as in Creätor, to indicate that it forms a distinct syllable, and is not merged in the sound of the preceding vowel.

The significance of the mark of accent and the hyphen should be distinctly explained to learners before they enter upon the study of words of more than one syllable.

The teacher will sometimes put words promiscuously, without regard to their classification; skipping, for instance, from a word in which e has its short sound, to one in which ea is its equivalent.

Page x

THE ENGLISH ALPHABET.

ROMAN LETTERS.

a A

b B

c C

d D

e E

f F

g G

h H

i I

j J

k K

l L

m M

n N

o O

p P

q Q

r R

s S

[t] T

u U

v V

w W

x X

y Y

z Z

&
ITALIC LETTERS.

a A

b B

c C

d D

e E

f F

g G

h H

i I

j J

k K

l L

m M

n N

o O

p P

q Q

r R

s S

t T

u U

v V

w W

x X

y Y

z Z

&

OLD ENGLISH

a A

b B

c C

d D

e E

f F

g G

h H

i I

j J

k K

l L

m M

n N

o O

p P

q Q

r R

s S

t T

u U

v V

w W

x X

y Y

z Z

&

DIPHTHONGS.

Æ (A E)

oe (O E)

æ (a e)

oe (o e)

Page 11

SARGENT'S
STANDARD SPELLER.

PART I.
PROMISCUOUS INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES.

1. AM, an, as, at, ax, be, by, do, go, he, ho, if, in, is, it, lo, me, my, no, of, on, or, ox, she, so, to, up, us, we, ye.

2. And, arm, art, are, ape, ask, all, bad, bag, bar, bat, bed, beg, bet, bid, big, bit, bob, bog, boy, bud, bug, bun, but, cab, cap, can, cat, car.

3. Cod, con, cot, cow, cry, cub, cup, cut, cur, den, did, dig, dim, din, dip, dog, dot, dry, dug, dun, eat, egg, end, fan, far, fat, fed.

4. Fen, fib, fig, fin, fit, fix, fly, fog, fop, for, fox, fry, fun, gag, gap, gas, gem, get, gig, gin, got, gum, gun, had, hag, ham, hat, hem.

5. Hen, her, hid, him, hip, his, hat, hod, hog, hop, hot, how, hub, hug, hum, hut, ice, ink, its, jag, jet, jib, jig, job, jog, jot, jug, jut, keg.

6. Kid, kin, kit, lag, lad, lap, leg, let, lid, lip, lit, log, lop, lot, lug, mad, man, map, mat, may, met, mid, mix, mob, mop, mud, mug.

7. Nag, nap, net, nib, nip, not, nut, off, one,

Page 12

our, out, pad, pan, pat, peg, pen, pet, pig, pin pit, pod, pop, pot, pry, pun, put.

8. Rag, ram, ran, rat, red, rib, rid, rig, rim, rip, rob, rod, rot, rub, rug, rub, rum, rut, sad, sag, sap, saw, sat, sea, see, set, ship, shy, sin, sip, sit, sky, sly, sob, sod, sop, sot, sum, sun, sup.

9. Tan, tap, ten, the, thy, tin, tip, too, top, try, tub, tug, twig, two, van, vat, wag, was, wax, way, web, wed, wen, wet, were, who, wig, win, with, yam, yes, yet, yon, you.

DICTATION AND WRITING EXERCISES.

1. I am by. Is she in? If he can go, so can we. Ye may sit by us. A big ox. Let the ax be. He is sad. Dot the i. See my cap. A cat on top of the cab. He or I can go.

2. He has a bat. Ask us all to go. An ape sat on the rug. Put up the bar. Go to bed. A boy fed his dog. Was it a bad egg? Yes, it was. He did not eat it. One and one are two. Then do not go.

3. The kit is in her lap. Do not let the cub dip his leg in the cup. She is in the car. The cur bit the hog. Get a fan for the fat man. My mug is on the ice. Fix the wax in the gap. Who is she?

4. I saw a fox. Do not put ink on the map. A rat got in the keg. A gem for the jet pin. Gin is bad for you. Get rid of the jug. Put the pot on the mat. Do not jut out thy lip. A tin box.

5. The nag is off. See the mud fly. See the jib on the ship, out at sea. Do not lag so. Let in the lad with the kid. It is dim in the fog. A red fox. A dun cow. The end of all. The rim of the sun.

6. Our pet pig is shy and sly too. Who hit the hen with the gun? Lop off the twig. Nib the two pens. The pad ran with the gig. Did you see the jig? Up on the top of the hut. Jog on. The rim of the sun.

7. The wig of the wag. A bit of yam. Mix it in. See you sky. Ten men were in a van. The vat was wet. Tip up the tub. Tap the sap. He has a bad wen on his arm. Run in the rut.

8. She ran at the mob with her mop. How far? It is a sin to sip rum. Do thy sum. Do not let the bed sag so. A big fin. A sad pun. One of my kin. A gag and a rod for the sot.

9. He had him on the hip. She dug a pit for the ram. The lid of the jar. Mid way in the bog. Do not pry. The men rig the ship. Try to rub it out. Can she win? Let her con it. The hub is in the mud of the pen. He had a bad fit.

Page 13

10. Bid, bide; bit, bite; can, cane; cap, cape; con, cone; din, dine; dot, dote; fan, fane; fat fate; fin, fine; hat, hate; hid, hide; hop, hope kit, kite; lad, lade.

11. Mad, made; man, mane; mat, mate; mop, mope; not, note; pan, pane; pin, pine; rat, rate; rid, ride; rip, ripe; rob, robe; rod, rode; rot, rote; van, vane; win, wine.

12. Babe, bake, cake, came, date, face, fade, gale, gave, gaze, lake, lame, late, make, name, page, race, rage, rake, safe, same, take, wage.

13. Act, apt, ash, band, bang, blab, camp, chat, clam, dash, fact, flag, gash, hand, hang, land, lamp lash, pang, plan, plat, sand, scan.

14. Arch, barn, card, char, charm, dark, farm, garb, hard, hark, harm, harp, lark, march, marsh, part, scar, scarf, shark.

15. Belt, bend, dent, desk, fell, felt, flesh, held, help, lest, pelt, rend, send, shed, sled, step, tell, vest, vex, well, went, wept, west, yelp, zest.

16. Bring, brim, chin, chip, cling, dish, fish, fist, fling, flint, grim, grist, limp, lint, milk, pick, quit, rich, risk, sift, silk, sing, six, thing.

17. Bind, blind, bribe, child, crime, drive, fire, glide, hind, ire, life, mild, mind, price, quite, shine, slide, smile, spire, twice, wild.

18. Chop, crop, drop, fond, frog, from, frost, shop, trot.--Bold, broke, fold, froze, gold, old, post, scold, shore, slope, smoke, sold, stove.

19. Brush, crust, drum, duck, flush, gulf, gush,

Page 14

hunt, much, scum, such.--Born, cork, corn, form, horn, orb, scorch, short, stork, thorn.

20. Couch, count, crouch, crowd, crown, down, loud, now, proud, round.--Boil, broil, choice, coin, join, joy, moist, toil, voice.

DICTATION AND WRITING EXERCISES.

10. Bid him bide with us and dine. Bits a bit. The rat ran at a fine rate. Do not hope to hop. She did not note the time. We can hide his cane. Wine made the man mad, and he did not win. A vane on the van. She rode a rod. O! we will hide.

11. The mate has a mat. Do not rob her of her old robe. The fate of the fat man. He got the line by rote. She broke a pane with the pan. A pine pin for the shed. She has a mop. Why then mope? The fane fell. What is a cone? Why dote on her?

12. Take the cake from the babe. A gale on the lake. The date and the name. They came late for the race. I gave the lame man a rake. Why this rage? Name the page. I wage no war. Gaze on her face. It will fade Make a note of it. Fan her.

13. An apt act. The camp was by an

Page 15

ash[.] Hang out the flag. Hand me the lamp A fact for all. A plat of land. Scan it well. The lash gave a pang. They chat and play. A clam in the sand.

14. A lark in a dark barn. Part thy scarf. Hark! They had to march through a marsh. See her garb. The shark did no harm The charm of the harp. X, Y, Z.

15. A dent in my desk. A scar on his flesh. I held her belt. My sled is in the shed. I will help you with a zest. She wept to take that step. Dogs yelp. Why pelt them? The sun is in the west.

16. Bring the dish of fish. Rich milk. Lint for my hand. Fling down the flint. Grist for the mill. Lift it. Do not run the risk. Quit it. A grim fist. Pick up the chip. I limp and sing. See her chin. Fill to the brim. Make a big E, K, U, V.

17. Twice in my life. A wild slide. A blind child in the fire. You quite make me smile. What is the price? Mind the hind ox. A fit of ire. I take no bribe. Drive her not to crime. See the spire shine[.] Glide on. She will char her hand

Page 16

18 An old post. Chop it up in the shop. An old frog fond of a drop. A bold scold. Smoke her out. They broke from the fold. I sold my crop for gold. He froze on the shore. Trot off with the stove.

19. Such a duck as we saw in the gulf. Bush the rust from my lap. Hark to the dum and the horn! They hunt a stork. A short thorn. Sum on the top. When was the born? You scorch your cap.

20. Count the crowd now. Proud am I of my choice. Boil it and broil it. Join me in my joy. Moist with toil. Her voice is loud. Crouch on the couch. The hit him on the crown. An orb is round. Much coin, much care. Send me my vest.

21. A'bly, af'ter, ba'by, bas'ket, big'ger, bod'y, bo'ny, but'ter, can'dy, ca'per, clo'ver, clus'ter, cor'ner, cra'zy, cri'er, dar'ling, di'al, do'zy, ed'it, en'ter, ev er, fe'ver, fi'fer, fif'ty.

22. Fine'ly, for'ty, fu'ry, gra'vy, gru'el, hor'net, i'vy, la'dy, la'zy, lap'dog, late'ly, let'ter, like'ly, lim'ber, lin'en, li'on, lum'ber, ma'ker, man'ly, mas'ter, mere'ly, mim'ic, na'ked.

23. Nap'kin, nev'er, nine'ty, no'bly, num'ber, nut'meg, or'der, o'ver, pa'per, pan'cake, par'ty,

Page 17

pen'cil, po'ker, po'ny, pu'ny, pu'pil, qui'et, ra'cer, rap'id, re'al, ri'der, riv'er, rob'in.

24. Ru'in, sig'nal, slip'per, slum'ber, so'ber, sol'id, spi'der, sto'ry, sum'mer, sun'set, ta'per, tav'ern, tem'per, tim'ber, tip'sy, to'tal, tri'al, tru'ly, ug'ly, un'der, use'ful, va'ry, ver'y, wa'fer, wa'ry, wi'ly, wo'ful, win'ter.

25. A-bed', a-bode, a-far, a-go, a-jar, a-like, a-live, a-loft, a-lone, a-long, a-maze, a-men, a-mend, a-mid, a-new, a-part, a-side, as-sist, at-tend, a-wake, a-way, a-woke, ad-mit, ap-ply, be-fore, be-gin, be-gun, be-have, be-hind, be-hold, be-side, cre-ate, de-lay, de-ny, dis-like.

26. E-lect, en-tire, for-bid, for-get, for-got, here-at, here-by, here-in, here-of, here-on, ho-tel, hu-mane, in-vite, jap-an, lap-el, mis-hap, mis-take, o-mit, per-haps, per-mit, po-lite.

27. Re-buke, re-cite, re-lax, re-late, re-ly, re-tire, se-lect, se-rene, se-vere, sub-mit, un-did, un-do, un-fed, un-fit, un-just, un-lace, un-less, u-nite, un-kind, un-like, un-pin, un-ripe, un-til, up-hold, up-held, up-lift, up-on, up-set.

WRITING AND DICTATION EXERCISES.

21. Put the butter in the basket. The darling baby. A stick of candy. A cat in the corner. The cows are in the clover. A cluster of grapes. The old fifer is crazy. A dial in the sun. Wake from being dozy! He cut a caper. This fish is bony. Fifty ripe plums. My body is bigger than his. Enter the house after me. You did it ably. The town crier has a fever.

22. A nest of hornets. The fury of the lion. The lady has a lapdog. A likely story. A manly youth. Never mimic thy master. A letter came lately. Taste the gruel. Take away the gravy. A limber cane. The Maker of us all. Clean linen. The day has begun finely. Clothe the

Page 18

naked. The ivy green. Wood is lumber. Who can count to forty? A lazy cat.

23. Use thy napkin Ninety nutmegs. A number of pencils. Put down the poker. Be quiet. The pony ran. A party on the river. The robin sang. The rider fell. A rapid racer. Is the watch of real gold? Eat the pancake. A paper cap. A puny child. Heed my order.

24. A summer sunset. The taper burns. The time for slumber. A solid timber. A signal for the ship. A shady place. An ugly temper. A red wafer. He spoke truly. A blue slipper. The spider will not harm you. Do not be tardy. A very useful box. A total loss. The old tavern. A wily fox. Our notions vary. Be wary: do not go on the ice.

25. Let the door be ajar. Begin well. Behold the sun. Assist them Attend to what I say. She began to cry. He is still abed. His abode is not far. A long time ago. You amaze me. Amend your way of life. Step aside. Go away. I can stand alone. Try to behave better. I awoke at six o'clock. Admit the bearer. Behind a fence.

26. The new hotel. I made a mistake. Be polite. Permit me to go. I had a mishap. Delay not. I deny thee not. Omit that page. The lapel of a coat. Will they elect him? Hereby you shall find out. I love the humane. Perhaps he will invite you. Why dislike her? An entire day. Do not forget. My sister has some japan work.

27. A serene day. A severe storm. Rebuke the bad. Recite thy lesson. Relate the story. Rely on me. You may retire. Select a pen. Submit with a good grace. The cart was upset. Uphold the weak. Uplift the lowly. Unless you are unkind, you will do it. Unite with the good. Shun the unjust. Unlace my dress. The dog is unfed. An unripe plum. She stood upon a post. I will wait until you come.

Ace add chest bride brick grope

bathe black dent dike drill poke

brave brag dregs dime drip rode

case fang fret mice clinch strode

crane smack glen mile cling bond

flake snap helve mine flinch clog

lace stab lend pride frill mock

shade stag melt slice skin pond

space strand neck slime spin luck

tape tact sell swine sprig muff

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PART II.
CLASSIFIED EXERCISES.

VOWEL SOUNDS AND SUBSTITUTES.

I. The Sound of A in Far.*
* TO THE TEACHER.--It is recommended that the more difficult of the classified exercises be skipped by the learner, in first going through the Speller He may pass from the monosyllables under the sound of a in far, to those under the other vowel sounds; and, when he is sufficiently familiar with them, he can turn back to the more difficult words under each division, going regularly through the exercises in their order. The advantage of not interrupting the classification will, in the end, more than counterbalance any little inconvenience that may result, at first, from adhering to system.

*** Remember that where g is italicized in words in this book, it has the sound of j; s italicized has the sound of z in gaze; th italicised has its vocal sound, as in thine.

1. ARCH, are, barb, bard, bark, barge, bath, carp, cart, carve, charge, chart, darn, dart, farce, gape, harsh, larch, lard, large, mar, marl, mart.

2. Par, parch, park, parse, path, shard, sharp, smart, snarl, spar, spark, sparse, star, stanch, stark, start, starve, tar, tart, yard, yarn.

3. Arch'er, barb'er, bar'ter, car'm[small i, macron]ne, charg'er, char'ter, cart'ridge, fa'ther, gar'net, harts'horn, har'vest, jan'ty, lar'board, mar'gin, mar'ket, pars'nip, part'ner, part'ridge, r[small a, breve]m'part, scar'let, star'board, starve'ling, tar'tar, var'let.

4. A-larm', ba-zar, ci-gar, de-part, dis-arm,

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dis-card, dis-charge, em-bark, pe-tard, pla-card, re-gard, re-mark, re-tard, un-bar. Bar'ber-ry, car'pen-ter, mar'ma-l[small a, macron]de, mar'tin-g[small a, breve]l.

Words in which au, ea, e, and ua, have the sound of a in Far.

In laugh, draught, and some other words, gh has the sound of f.

5. Aunt, craunch, daunt, draught, flaunt, gaunt, haunch, haunt, jaunt, laugh, launch, staunch, taunt, vaunt. Daunt'less, jaun'dice, laun'dress, saun'ter, Taunt'on. Heart, heart'less, hearth. Heark'en, heart'y. Ser'geant. Guard.

WRITING AND DICTATION EXERCISES.

1. The blind bard. The bark of the larch. The chart is in the barge. We fish for carp. Do not carp at my farce. A cart in the park. Darn my sock. Do not gape. A harsh smart. The barb of the hook. Tar is on the spar. A pot of lard. The star shines.

2. A large farm. Marl is a kind of clay. The yarn is in a snarl. The stocks are at par. Starch my scarf. Carve with a sharp knife. Start not. Parse that line. You shall not starve. Hear my charge. A wide path. A hot bath. Stanch the wound.

3. Our barber is an archer. He mounts his charger. A cartridge box. A fat partridge. Market is the place for barter. My father knows a carpenter. He had a janty manner. Carmine is crimson. I can go no farther Garnet is a gem. The time of harvest. The margin of the lake. A big parsnip. My partner in trade. Smell of the hartshorn. Starboard is the right-hand side of a ship; larboard, the left.

4. A scarlet dress. A starveling dog. Tartar is sour. The varlet had a cigar. Alarm the city. Unbar the door. Let him depart. Do not debar his coming. Disarm him. Let us embark. Discharge the prisoner. It will retard my going. What did you remark? Discard evil. A barberry bush. Quince marmalade. A martingal for the horse.

5. My dauntless aunt took a jaunt to see a launch. Do not taunt her. A gaunt form. Guard the haunch. A haunt for robbers. They run the gauntlet. A staunch friend. The sergeant is hearty. Where is Taunton? Sit on the hearth, and hearken. Yellow with the jaundice. She flaunts in a gay dress. Let us saunter along. To vaunt is to brag. Avaunt ye triflers! Dogs craunch bones. Go to the laundry.

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II. Short A, as in Hat.

1. Alp, bade, badge, bans, bland, blank, bran, brand, cash, catch, champ, chap, clad, clamp, clan, clank, cramp, crank, damp, drab, drank, flag, flange, gang, gland, hank, hath, have, lapse, latch, mall, manse, match.

2. Patch, plank, quack, quaff, rant, sash, scalp, scamp, scan, scant, scrap, scratch, shad, shall, shalt, sham, shrank, snag, snatch, splash, sprang, stamp, strap, talc, thank, thatch, thrash, tract, twang.

3. Ac'rid, ar'rant, ar'ras, ar'id, as'pect, as'pen, bal'lad, bal'lot, ban'nock, bar'rack, bar'rel, bran'dy, cab'in, car'ol, cas'sock, catch'up, clam'ber, clar'et, clas'sic, dan'druff, fran'chi[small i, breve]se, gal'lop, gam'ut, gas'tric, gath'er.

4. Had'dock, ham'mock, hand'cuff, hav'oc, jack'et, jal'ap, jave'lin, lath'er, mam'moth, mat'in, mat'tock, max'im, par'ish, par'rot, pat'ent, plan'et, rad'ish, ran'sack, rath'er, sal'ad, sal'ver, scaf'fold, shal'lop, shan'ty, tar'iff, tar'ry, tas'sel, tran'script.

5. A-bash', a-dapt, at-tach, at-tack, ca-bal, ca-lash, ca-nal, cra-vat, de-camp, de-cant, de-tach, dis-patch, dis-tract, en-act, ex-pand, ex-panse fi[small i, breve]-nance, in-fract, mis-hap, mo-rass, r[small a, breve]-tan, re-fract, re-lapse, re-lax, ro-mance.

6. Ad'a-mant, ap'ri-co[small o, breve]t, ar'a-ble, as'ter-isk, bar'ri-er, car'a-van, cat'a-ract, clar'i-fy, clar'i-net, cran'ber-ry, ep'i-gram, far'ri-er, gal'ax-y, gas'e-ous, mag'ni-fy, man'u-script, mar'i-gold, mar'-i-ti[small i, breve]me, pal'li-[small a, breve]te, par'a-pet, par'al-le[small e, breve]l, par'o-dy, sac'ra-ment,

Page 22

sanc'ti-fy, sanc'ti-ty, sal'i-vate, sas'sa-fras, tap'es-try vag'a-bo[small o, breve]nd.

7. A-quat'ic, as-sas'sin, de-f[small a, breve]l'ca[small a, macron]te, dis-as'trous, e-las'tic, er-rat'ic, fa-nat'ic, fan-tas'tic, gri-mal'kin, i-tal'ic, sar-cas'tic.

Ai has the sound of short a in plaid and rail'ler-y.head

DICTATION AND WRITING EXERCISES.

1. The lofty Alps. He bade me wear a badge. A bland smile. A blank book. The bran of wheat. Brand the scamp. Strike a match. I forb[small a, breve]de the bans. Latch the door. Pay cash. The colt champs the bit. An iron clamp. Clank the chain. A crank ship. The flange of a wheel. The lapse of time. He hath a hank of drab thread. A manse near the mall.

2. A plank road. A quack doctor. An Indian scalp. A scant scrap. A big patch. Shall we catch shad? Thatch the roof. A snag in the river. A postage-stamp. A tract of land. Thrash the grain. Twang went the bow! Talc is a kind of earth. Cats scratch.

3. An acrid taste. An arrant fib. Behind the arras. Arid ground. The aspen-leaf. The vote by ballot. A barrel of brandy in the cabin. An oat-meal bannock. Birds carol. Mushroom catchup. A patent right. The gastric juice. A matin song. Throw this javelin. Tarry not. The tassel of a cap. The elective franchise. A radish for the salad. The scaffold fell. Lather his chin. I would rather gather apples.

4. Poll parrot. Claret wine. Cod and haddock. He slept in a hammock. Hear this maxim. A transcript of the news. A shallop on the water. Cry havoc! A silver salver. Hard to clamber. A classic writer. The bones of a mammoth. The priest's cassock. See him gallop. The scale of the gamut.

5. The attack was with a ratan. The Erie canal. Decant the wine. A mishap in the morass. You can not abash him. Come, dispatch! You distract me. What part do you enact? A sad romance. Never infract a promise. Tie your cravat. A cabal against me. The expanse of waters. I fear a relapse. Relax your hold. The minister of finance. The enemy decamp. Refract the rays. Detach the vine from the tree.

6. Arable land. Make an asterisk. Pick a cranberry. The galaxy or milky way. A caravan of animals. Clarify the oil. A gaseous smell. A foaming cataract. A fabulous tale. A ripe apricot. Sassafras root. Faded tapestry. She stood on the parapet. Read my manuscript. The yellow marigold. You magnify his merits. Hard as adamant. A plaid vest. Do not heed her raillery.

Page 23

III. Long A, as in Fate.

1. Age, ate, baste, brace, cage, chafe, change, chaste, crape, crate, crave, flame, frame, grace, grade, grange, grape, graze, lathe, mace, nape, paste, quake, range, scale, scrape, shame, shape, shave, skate, slake, slate, snake, spade, stage, state, strange, swathe, vase, wade.

2. An'gel, a'pex, ba'ker, cam'bric, cham'ber, change'ling, dan'ger, fa'mous, game'ster, grate'ful, ha'tred, la'bel, man'ger, ma'tron, pas'try, pa'tron, ra'dix, sa'cred, scra'per, state'ly, str[small a, breve]n'ger, tra'der, wa'ger. -- Cog'nate, frus'trate, in'grate, in'mate, land'scape, mem'brane, mun'dane, or'nate, pros'trate, stag'nate, va'cate.

3. Ar-range', bro-cade, cas-cade, de-prave, derange, es-trange, e-rase, es-cape, for-sake, gri[small i, breve]-mace, im-pale, in-ane, in-flame, in-flate, in-hale, in-nate, in-sane, pa-rade, se-date.

4. As'pi-rate, can'di-date, cel'e-brate, con'ju-gate, del'e-gate, des'ig-nate, det'o-nate, dis'si-pate, em'i-grate, ex'ca-vate, h[small u, breve]r'ri-cane, im'i-tate, is'o-late, im'mi-grate, in'sti-gate, mas'ti-cate, nav'i-gate, ob'vi-ate, pen'e-trate, rep'ro-bate, sep'a-rate, ven'er-ate, ven'ti-late.

5. De-mon'strate, in-cul'cate, re-mon'strate. -- Am-bus-cade', b[small a, breve]r-ri-cade, bal-us-trade, col-on-nade, es-pla-nade, lem-on-ade, pal-i-sade.

6. Dis-sem'i-nate, e-rad'i-cate, in-car'cer-ate, in-ter'po-late, in-tim'i-date, in-tox'i-cate, in-ves'ti-gate, pre-dom'i-nate, pre-v[small a, breve]r'i-cate, re-tal'i-ate.

Page 24

Words in which ai, ea, and au, have the sound of long a.

7. Aid, braid, brain, chain, fail, faith, flail, frail, jail, maid, maim, paid, paint, praise, quail, quaint, raise, saint, snail, sprain, stain, taint, trail, train, trait, twain. Break, great, steak. Gauge.

8. Chil'blain, cai'tiff, dai'ly, dain'ty, dai'ry, dai'sy, en'trails, bai'liff, gai'ters, plain'tiff, rai'ment, rain'y, sail'or, trai'tor.

9. Ab-stain', ac-quaint, a-fraid, ap-praise, a-vail, a-wait, be-wail, con-straint, de-claim, de-tail, dis-dain, ex-plain, main-tain, ob-tain, pre-vail, re-frain, up-braid.

10. Ap-prais'er, as-sail'ant, at-tain'der, complain'ant, re-main'der.--Ap-per-tain', as-cer-tain.

Words in which ay has the sound of long a.

11. Aye, bray, clay, day, dray, fray, gay, gray, jay, pay, play, pray, ray, say, slay, spray, stay, stray, sway, tray, way.

12. Cray'on, dray'man, gay'ly, lay'man, may'or, way'ward.--Af-fray', as-say, de-lay, way-lay.--Gay'e-ty.

Words in which e, ei, eig, eigh, and ey, have the sound of long a.*

* Other words of this class will be found under "Words sounded alike."

13. Deign, eight, eighth, freight, neigh, prey, reign, rein, skein (or skain), sleigh, they, weigh, weight, whey.--Ey'ry, hei'nous, neigh'bor, weigh'er, weight'y.--Con-vey', in-veigh, o-bey, pur-vey.

Page 25

DICTATION AND WRITING EXERCISES.

1[.] A strange change. Baste the hem. Cows graze. Boys skate and wade. Do not scrape the slate. Slake thy thirst. Grace is in all her steps. A turning-lathe. A chaste style. I crave pardon. You are a craven. Hit the snake with the spade. Chafe the nape of his neck. Make a cage. A grange is a farm-house. A range of hills. Sour grapes. She quakes with fear. Brace the drum. Scale the hills. He ate a cake. The grade of the street.

2. The stranger is a trader. The dog in the manger. A famous patron. The matron has a cambric robe. Put a label on the paper. The angel Gabriel. The apex of the hill. Pastry makes me ill. A poor changeling. Give not way to hatred. A scraper for the feet. Wafer the letter. Shun the gamester. The sacred book. Frustrate his plans. By cognate we mean akin. The inmate of the hut is an ingrate. A fine landscape. An ornate style. Vacate my room. This mundane home. Do not strike the prostrate A radix is a root.

3. Forsake evil. Escape danger. A brocade dress. Do not estrange us Erase my name. We inhale air. Impale not the butterfly. The cascade falls. Arrange her dress. A sedate mood. What a grimace! Do not derange my books. You inflame her temper.

4. Conjugate the verb. Aspirate the wh in what, when, &c. Celebrate the day. The delegate is a candidate. Separate the boys. Designate the reprobate. Ventilate the school-room. To emigrate is to go from a land to immigrate is to go into it. Excavate the hill. Masticate thy food. Navigate the ship.

5. Inculcate good thoughts. To demonstrate is to prove. Remonstrate with her. Sip the lemonade. The men set up a barricade. Cling to the balustrade. I stood on the esplanade. Mary had a serenade. Beware the ambuscade. Form a palisade. The pillars of the colonnade.

6. Never prevaricate. I penetrate his plan. Wine intoxicates. Do not retaliate. It blew a hurricane. Investigate the case. Incarcerate the culprit. You cannot intimidate me. I will interpolate a sentence.

7. Aid the maid to braid the chain. Never break faith. The snail leaves a trail. A quaint sketch. A tender steak. Fail not to gauge the cask. A bad sprain. Free from taint. A train of cars. Frail as glass. In jail. We are twain. They gave him great praise. Take out the stain. He hit me with a flail.

8. The caitiff wore gaiters. The sailor was no traitor. My raiment for a rainy day. Milk from the dairy. The bailiff is with the plaintiff. Our daily bread. The daisy has its name from day's eye.

9. Abstain while you can. He is afraid to declaim. I am under constraint. I refrain. I disdain to beg. I maintain it. We bewail her fate.

Page 26

10. The appraiser is the complainant. Ascertain who was the assailant. His estate is under attainder. The remainder appertains to me.

11. Do not stray out of the way to-day. Pay as you go. For ever and aye. We make bricks of clay. A blue jay on the spray. Gray hair. Hurt in a fray. Pray stay. He holds sway.

12. We gayly play. They went to waylay the mayor. A layman spoke. Assay the gold. Delay your gayety. Here is an affray. A wayward temper A crayon likeness.

13. Eight skeins of silk. Weigh them. A heinous crime. A weigher and gauger. Why inveigh against him? A heavy freight. Weighty cause. The eighth day. Will you deign to obey me? Wine whey. Eagles convey their prey to their eyry. Horses neigh. Rein them in. Truth must prevail. A neighbor of mine. The sleigh was upset. The queen's reign. Upbraid the wicked.

IV. The Sound of A in Fall.

1. All, bald, call, false, gall, hall, halt, malt, salt, scald, small, squall, stall, wall, waltz, want. Dwarf, quart, sward, swarm, swart, thwart, war, ward, warm, warmth, warn, warp, wart, wharf.

2. All'spice, al'der, al'm[small o, macron]st, al'so, al'ter, al'ways, bald'rick, bal'sam, cal'dron, co'balt, fal'ter, hal'ter, jack'al, pal'ter, pal'sy, pal'try. Sa'co, thral'dom, wa'ter. Quar'ter, swar'thy, war'ble, war'den, war'fare, war'rant, ward'r[small o, macron]be.

3. Ap-pall', ba-salt, be-fall, ex-alt, in-stall, re-call, with-al. A-thwart, a-ward, re-ward.--Al'der-man, al'ma-n[small a, breve]c, fal'si-fy.--Sub-al'tern.

The l in the following words is not sounded.

Calk, chalk, stalk, talk, walk.--Calk'er, fal'con, talk'er, fal'con-er.

Words in which au, augh, and aw, have the sound of a in fall.

4. Awl, brawl, brawn, caw, claw, crawl, dawn, draw, drawl, drawn, fawn, flaw, hawk, jaw, law,

Page 27

lawn, maw, paw, pawn, raw, saw, scrawl, shawl, spawn, sprawl, squaw, straw, thaw, yawl, yawn. Cause, clause, daub, fault, fraud, gauze, haul, laud, maul, paunch, pause, sauce, vault. Aught, caught, fraught, naught, taught.

5. Au'burn, auc'tion, au'dit, Au'gust, au'thor, cau'cus, caus'tic, cause'way, cen'taur, fau'cet, gau'dy, maud'lin, pau'per, plau'dit, sau'cer, sau'cy, saus'age, vault'er. Awk'ward, baw'ble, draw'er, haw'thorn, law'yer, mawk'ish, saw'yer, taw'dry. Daugh'ter, haugh'ty, naugh'ty, slaugh'ter. Dis-traught'.

6. Ap-plaud', ap-plause, as-sault, be-cause, de-bauch, de-fault, de-fraud, ex-haust. Ba-shaw, ma-caw, with-draw.--Au'di-bly, cau'li-flow-er, au'gu-ry, au'to-crat, laud'a-num, straw'ber-ry, nau'ti-cal, pau'ci-ty, plaus'i-ble, tom'-a-hawk, au'di-ence.--De-fault'er, hy-draul'ic, ma-raud'er, tar-pau'lin.--A'er-o-naut. In-au'g[small u, macron]-ral.

Words in which o, oa, and ough, have the sound of a in fall.

7. Born, fork, gorge, gorse, horse, lord, morn north, scorn, snort, sort, storm, torch, gone. Broad Bought, brought, cough,*

* Gh here has the sound of f.

fought, ought, sought, thought, trough. *

* Gh here has the sound of f.

8. Bor'der, con cord, cord'age, cor'net, cor'sair, corse'let, cor'tex, dis'cord, dor'mant, flor'id, for'ceps, form'al, form'er, fort'night, for'tress, for'ward, horn'et, horn'pipe, mor'bid, morn'ing, mor'tar

Page 28

normal, or'bit, por'poise,*

* Pronounced por'p[small u, breve]s.

por'ridge, scorn'ful, scorn'er, short'er, sor'did, storm'y, thorn'y, tor'pid, vor'tex.

9. Ab-sorb', ab-hor, ac-cord, a-dorn, as-sort, con-form, de-form, dis-tort, en-dorse, ex-hort, ex-tort, for-lorn, in-form, per-form, re-form, re-morse, re-sort, re-tort, sub-orn, trans-form.

10. Cor'pu-lent, ex'or-c[small i, macron]se, hor'ta-tive, or'di-nal, north'er-ly, or'tho-dox, por'ce-lain, por'c[small u, macron]-p[small i, macron]ne, por'rin-ger, scor'pi-on, sor'cer-er, tort'[small u, macron]-ous. -- A-bor'tive, dis-or'der, im-mor'tal, im-por'tant, ca-lor'ic, in-form'al, re-cord'er, re-form'er. -- Me-te-or'ic.

WRITING AND DICTATION EXERCISES.

1. I want a quart of warm water. A small, bald dwarf. All waltz at the ball in the hall. A horse in the stall. A swarm of bees. The green sward. A ward of the city. The covers warp. A wart on my hand. A squall of wind. A swart face. Bitter as gall. Thwart the false boy. Salt hay. Malt liquor. Halt there! Scald the pan. A ship at the wharf.

2. An alder tree. Hear me also. Always busy. Birds warble. A halter for the palfrey. A paltry wardrobe. With cobalt we color glass. Stop your warfare. A swarthy skin. Smell of the balsam. A big quarto. Held in thraldom. Never palter. She shakes with the palsy. A warden is a keeper. The jackal ran. I warrant the watch.

3. A just award. Exalt the lowly. A pillar of basalt. Athwart my path. Recall thy words. Install him into office. Her song inthralls me. You are wise withal. The alderman has an almanac. -- A subaltern in the army. The city of Chicago. -- Let us talk as we walk. He is a calker. The falconer made the falcon fly. A bit of chalk.

4. Pause on the lawn to see the fawn. A gauze shawl. The yawl sank. A fat paunch. Shun a brawl. He fed on brawn. He caught a hawk by the claw. Rooks caw. A clause in a will. Do not drawl. A cold vault. The spawn of fish. An Indian squaw. Who taught you to sprawl? Sauce for the goose. Raw meat. Laud the good. A heap of straw. The ice

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thaws. Fraught with danger. Whose fault? A flaw in the gem. Do not maul the lad. He goes to pawn his law-books.

5. Auburn hair. Goods at auction. The month of August. A faucet for the cask. Be not haughty, my daughter. The hawthorn bush. Audit my account. An awkward author. A caustic remark. He spoke at a caucus. The pauper had a sausage. Cross the causeway. A laurel tree. A mawkish style. Naughty boys. Do not falter. Who ever saw a centaur? An awful slaughter. Hear the plaudits! A sawyer in the river. A saucy girl. She broke a saucer. Put it in the drawer. My drawers are torn. I am distraught with woe.

6. The bashaw has a macaw. To debauch is to corrupt. Never defraud. A wicked assault. He was audible to the audience. A good augury. A nautical song. A paucity of good fruit. Laudanum is made from opium A plausible story. Cauliflower for dinner. The marauders stole a sheep An Indian tomahawk. Shun the defaulter. A hydraulic ram. Nail down the tarpaulin. -- The aëronaut is to go up in a balloon.

7. He brought me a fork. I thought him a lord. He is gone north. A broad plank. He lit a torch. An acorn fell. A snow-storm. I bought a book. Pigs snort. Morn and eve. The dogs fought Scorn a lie. A narrow gorge. Gorse grows there. A bad cough.

8. A border of box. Live in concord. Cordage for the ship. Sound the cornet. The sergeant wore a corselet. His wife wore corsets. Snakes lie dormant and torpid in winter. A formal demand. Two weeks are a fortnight. I took out the thorn with a pair of forceps. A peach orchard. A strong fortress. Move forward. A normal school. Bricks and mortar. A morsel of cake. A sad discord. Sip the porridge. The porpoise is a clumsy fish. A hornet stung her. Lost in a vortex.

9. A forlorn hope. He will endorse the note. Assort the beads. Extort his consent. I besought him to reform. He felt no remorse. I exhort you to resort there no more. A sponge absorbs water. Abhor evil. Conform to the good. The bad glass distorts. They tried to suborn the witness. What did he retort?

10. A corpulent man. A scorpion stung. A porcupine quill. A tortuous road. A porcelain cup. The wind is northerly. A hortative remark. The orthodox faith. A porringer of milk. Exorcise the evil spirit. He would be a sorcerer. An abortive task. Caloric is heat. The immortal soul. What is her disorder? Important news. Meteoric flashes.

TO THE TEACHER. -- In dictating the Exercises, much time, usually occupied in correcting, may be saved, by requiring the pupils to spell aloud the exemplifying words they write down, as the lesson proceeds.

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V. The Sound of long A in Care.

1[.] Bare, blare, dare, fare, flare, glare, rare, scarce, scare, share, snare, spare, square. -- Dar'ing, care'ful, par'ent, wel'fare. -- A-ware', be-ware, com-pare, de-clare, fare-well, in-snare, pre-pare. -- Par'en-tage, scar'-ci-ty. Ap-par'ent, trans-par'ent.

Words in which ai, ay, e, ea, and ei, have the sound of a in care.

2. Air, chair, fair, hair, lair, pair, stair. Bear, pear, swear, tear, wear. There, where. -- Cor'sair, fair'y, gair'ish, pray'er, where'fore. -- Af-fair', de-spair, for-bear, for-swear, im-pair, mo-hair, par-terre, re-pair, Their.

DICTATION AND WRITING EXERCISES

1. A square box. The glare of the sun. A blare is a noise. Good pens are scarce. Spare the birds. Scare them not. A rare fish. Give him his share. The candle flares. -- A daring parent. Beware the snare. Compare notes. Prepare to go. I hope for your welfare. Then farewell! -- A scarcity of corn. I know not her parentage. A transparent door. An apparent crime.

2. Swear not at all. Where*

* Heed the aspirate in such words as where, which, when, whey, &c., in which the h is sounded before w, though written after it. They should be audibly distinguished from wear, witch, wen, way, &c. As words beginning with wh will not unfrequently occur, the teacher's attention is particularly invited to the correct enunciation of this combination, the aspirate in which is too orten omitted altogether.

did she wear that dress? A tiger's lair. A mohair chair. A fairy story. Wherefore read it? The corsair fled. A bad affair. Repair the cart. She is in despair. Forbear to strike. Flowers in the parterre. Do not impair your health. A pair of shoes. A pear to eat. Tear the paper. They took their wives there.

VI. The Sound of A in Ask.

According to Walker, and other orthoëpists, the a in this class of words has the sound of short a in hat; according to Webster and others, it has the sound of a in far. An easy sound, not so close as the one, nor so broad as the other, is now preferred.

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1. Asp, bask, blast, branch, cask, cast, chaff, chance, chant, clasp, class, craft, dance, fast, flask, gasp, glance, glass, graft, grant, grass, haft, hasp, lance, last, mask, mass, mast, pant, pass, past, prance, quaff, rasp, shaft, slant, staff, task, trance, vast, waft.

2. Cas'ket, chan'dler, jas'per, mas'tiff, pas'sive, pass'p[small o, macron]rt, plas'ter, raft'er, sam'ple, slan'der. -- Ad-vance', a-mass, as-kance, en-chant, en-hance, re-past. -- Ad-van'tage, dis-as'ter, sal'a-man-der, ex-am'ple, mo-las'ses, pi-las'ter. -- Al'a-bas-ter.

DICTATION AND WRITING EXERCISES.

1. An asp bit her arm. A glance in the glass. Quaff from the cask. I set the lass a task. She was lying in a trance. The haft has a clasp. Rasp the slate. By chance I hit her with a lance. The branch fell on the grass. The chaff flew before the blast. Slant the shaft more. Put down the flask May fair winds waft on the ship! See the horse prance.

2. Plaster fell from the rafter. A ship chandler. My repast is in a basket. A jasper ring in a casket. The mastiff bites. Answer his slander. A passive verb. She looked askance at me. He will enhance his price. An alabaster vase. A salamander safe. The advantage of a good example. Why amass more? Music enchants me. The pilaster fell. A hogshead of molasses.

VII. The Sound of long E, as in Be, &c.

1. Breve, cede, eke, glebe, mere, mete, scene, sere, theme, these. -- Ath'lete, con'crete, de'cent, de'mon, e'dict, fre'quent, le'g[small e, breve]nd, le'ver, pe'n[small u, breve]lt, pe'tr[small e, breve]l, pre'c[small e, breve]pt, pre'cinct, re'fl[small u, breve]x, se'cret.

2. Ac-cede', ad-here, aus-tere, co-here, complete, con-cede, con-vene, ef-fete, ex-treme, im-pede, o-bese, pre-cede, re-cede, re-plete, re-vere, se-cede, se-crete, sin-cere, su-preme. -- Ob'so-lete, pe'ri-od,

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ste've-d[small o, macron]re.--An-te-cede', con-tra-vene, in-ter-cede in-ter-fere, in-ter-vene, per-se-vere, su-per-sede, su-per-vene.--He'l[small i, breve]-o-tr[small o, macron]pe.

Words in which ea has the sound of long e.

3. Bead, beak, beam, bean, beard, beast, bleach, bleak, blear, bleat, breach, breathe, cease, cheap, cheat, clean, cleave, cleat, cream, crease, deal, dream, each, ear, east, eaves, fear, fleam, freak, gleam, glean, heal, heat, lead, leaf, leap, lease, leash, least, leave, meal, neap, neat, pea, peak, peach, peat, plea, plead, please, preach.

4. Reach, read, ream, reap, screak, scream, seat, sheaf, shears, sheath, sheathe, sheaves, smear, sneak, speak, squeak, squeal, streak, stream, tea, teach, teak, teal, team, tears, tease, treat, tweak, veal, weal, wean, weave, wheat, yea (also pronounced y[small a, macron]), yeast, zeal.

5. Bea'con, beak'er, bea'ver, dea'con, drear'y, ea'ger, ea'gle, ea'sel, ea'sy, grea'sy, mea'ger, mea'sles, pea'cock, rea'son, seam'stress, slea'zy, squeam'ish, trea'cle, treat'[small i, breve]se, treat'y, wea'ry, year'ling.

6. An-neal', ap-peal, ap-pear, ap-pease, ar-rear, be-neath, be-queath, be-speak, be-reave, bo-hea, con-ceal, con-geal, de-cease, de-feat, de-mean, dis-ease, dis-please, en-dear, en-treat, im-peach, mal-treat, mis-lead, re-lease, re-peal, re-peat, re-treat, re-veal. -- Feas'i-ble. In-de-feas'i-ble.

Words in which ee has the sound of long e.

7. Beef, beeves, bleed, breed, breeze, cheek,

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cheer, cheese, creed, creep, deed, deem, deep, eel, fee, feel, fleece, fleet, free, glee, green, greet, jeer, keel, keen, keep, leer, lees, meek, peep, queer, reef reek, reel, screech, screen, seed, seek, seethe, sheen, sheep, sheet, sleek, sleep, sleet, sleeve, sneer, sneeze, speech, speed, spleen, squeeze, steed, steep, steer, teeth, three, veer, weed, weep, wheeze.

8. Bee'tle, fee'ble, flee'cy, free'man, greed'y, keep'sake, lin'seed, meet'ing, nee'dle, pee'vish, stee'ple, twee'zers. -- A-gree, a-greed, a-sleep, be-seech, be-tween, can-teen, ca-reen, ca-reer, com-peer, de-cree, de-gree, dis-creet, es-teem, ex-ceed, fore-see, fu-see, gen-teel, gran-dee, grant-ee, in-deed, les-see, mo-reen, pro-ceed, ra-zee, re-deem, set-tee, suc-ceed, trust-ee, tu-reen, un-seen, ve-neer.

9. Ap'o-gee, ch[small a, breve]nt'i-cleer, fil'a-gree, ju'bi-lee, ped'i-gree, p[small e, breve]r'i-gee. -- Ab-sent-ee', auc'tion-eer, dev-o-tee, dom-i-neer, en-gi-neer, fric-as-see, gaz-et-teer, leg-a-tee, mu-le-teer, mu-ti-neer, nom-i-nee, o-ver-seer, pat-ent-ee, pi-o-neer, pri-va-teer, ref-er-ee, ref-u-gee, rep-ar-tee, vol-un-teer.

Words in which ei has the sound of long e.

As a general rule, the 31st elementary sound (that of s in so) takes ei after it, instead of ie; as in seize, ceil'ing, &c. The exceptions are, siege, fi-nan-cier', and cui-rass-ier' (pronounced kw[small e, macron]-ras-seer').

10. Seize, weird. -- Ceil'ing, ei'ther, leis'ure, neither, seiz'ure. -- Con-ceit', con-ceive, de-ceit, de-ceive, per-ceive, re-ceipt, re-ceive. -- In-vei'gle, o-bei'sance.

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Words in which ie and eo have the sound of long e.

11. Brief, chief, fief, field, fiend, fierce, grief, grieve, liege, niece, piece, pierce, priest, shield, shriek,*

* Give heed to the proper enunciation of sh in words beginning with the combination shr. Do not say sriek, sred, srub, srug, srill, instead of shriek, shred, shrub, shrug, shrill.

siege, thief, thieve, tierce, wield, yield. -- Pr[small a, macron]i'rie, se'ries. -- Peo'ple.

12. A-chieve', ag-grieve, be-lief, be-lieve, be-siege, cash-ier, front-ier, re-lieve, re-prieve, re-lief, re-trieve, sor-tie. -- Brig-a-dier', cav-a-lier, cap-a-pie, fi-nan-cier, gren-a-dier.

Words in which i has the sound of long e.

13. Ca-price', ma-rine, pe-lisse, po-lice, r[small a, breve]-vine va-lise. -- Am'ber-gris, ver'di-gris. -- Bom-ba-sin', mag-a-zine, man-da-rin, quar-an-tine, tam-bour-ine

WRITING AND DICTATION EXERCISES.

1. Cede the glebe to him. We can eke out a meal. A breve is a note in music. Here is my theme. A sere leaf. Mere nonsense. -- A concrete mass. Lift the lever. Smell the ether. The petrel flies. The king's edict. Obese is fat. The temper of a demon. Keep my secret. The college precincts.

2. An austere reproof. The parts cohere. Be sincere. Extreme cold. Dogs secrete food. A complete suit. Accede to my request. Adhere to the good. The penult is the last syllable but one. Precede us. Convene the scholars. You impede the road. The supreme good. Replete with joy. -- An obsolete custom. A period, or full stop. The stevedore loads the ship. -- Persevere in well-doing. Intercede to make peace. Contravene his attempt. The new book will supersede the old. Here the noun antecedes the verb. Plant the heliotrope.

3. Glass beads. A bird's beak. Bleach the cloth. A crease in my vest. The eaves of the house. A bleak wind. A cheap peach. A long beard. Blear-eyed. Lambs bleat. They cease to breathe. A deal of cream. A neap tide. A fleam is for bleeding beasts. He nailed on a cleat. Each ear.

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Lead us on. Leap year. Heal the sick. A high peak. Shell the peas. Cleave the wood. Put in a plea for me.

4. Reach me the shears. A sheaf of wheat. Sheathe the blade. The sheath is old Yeast for the cake. A ream of paper. Read the book. Smear the tree. Speak louder. A veal pie. Pigs squeal. A streak in the east. The common weal. Wean the babe. He is no sneak. Take your seat. The stream flows. What is teak? teal?

5. The beacon light. The beaver dam. Deacon Smith. A dreary road. Eager to play. An easy chair. Her hands are greasy. The seamstress is weary. She is meager, too. A treatise on corns. Treacle is sweet. A yearling is one a year old.

6. Beneath a tree. Anneal the glass. Appeal to him. Appease his rage. You bereave me of hope. Bohea tea. When did his decease take place? What was his disease? Water congeals. Impeach the witness. It is not feasible. His claim is indefeasible. Repeal the act. The foe retreat. Release the captive. His account is in arrear.

7. Roast beef. A sweet cheese. A breed of sheep. What cheer? The breeze veers. Steer the ship far from the reef. A fleet steed. Sweep the street. Squeeze him and he will screech. A queer sleeve. Slow of speech. The vessel's keel. A sleek fleece. Feed the eel. The angler's reel. Pull up the weed. A green tree. A wet sheet. The earth reeks. Screen him from sight. The lees of wine.

8. Linseed oil. The steeple was blown over. A fleecy lamb. A peevish girl. Tweezers to pull out a thorn. A keepsake for you. Thread the needle. Do not tread on the beetle. A greedy child. -- It is agreed between us. A tureen of soup. Be discreet. A full canteen. Careen the boat. The career of the lessee was short. A genteel dress. We sat on the settee. Veneer the box. He steps like a grandee. Moreen curtains. Razee the ship. Light the fusee. One of the trustees of the school.

9. We call our rooster Chanticleer. A day of jubilee. Filagree work. A colt's pedigree. -- An absentee from home. An auctioneer's sale. The engineer tries to domineer. Is the name of our town in the gazetteer? A muleteer drives a mule. A western pioneer. The overseer of an estate. A smart repartee. The mutineer was shot. A Polish refugee. A volunteer in the army. A fricassee of chicken. The people fled.

10. Seize the weird woman. He can touch the ceiling. Either you try to deceive, or do not perceive the truth. A seizure of rum. A moment of leisure. I owe you no obeisance. Receipt my bill. Your conceit makes me smile. They could not inveigle him to do wrong.

11. A brief ride. The chief is in the field. Raise the siege. We made the thief yield. He had the look of a fiend. My little niece. Shield her from harm. A fierce strife. His land is held in fief. A tierce of beef Pierce the bag. My liege, I cannot. A series of losses. A prairie on fire

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12. The cashier of a bank. Indians on the frontier. Do you believe he will have a reprieve? He will yet retrieve his fame, and achieve great things. the enemy made a sortie. A brigadier general. He was armed cap-a-pie. Our cavalier is no financier. The grenadier wore a cap.

13. My pelisse was in the valise. Report your loss to the police. A deep ravine. I am weary of her caprice. -- Ambergris has the smell of wax. Verdigris is green. She had a bombasin dress. A powder magazine. A ship in quarantine. A Chinese mandarin. She plays on the tambourine.

VIII. The Sound of Short E in Met.

1. Beck, bench, blench, blend, bless, check, chess, cleft, clench, crept, crest, deck, dell, delve, dense, depth, dredge, drench, dwell, ebb, edge, elk, ell, else, etch, fence, fend, fledge, fresh, hedge, hemp, hence, kelp, kept, ledge, lens, mend, mesh, next, pence, pledge.

2. Quell, quench, quest, reck, sect, self, sense, sex, shelf, shell, sketch, sledge, smell smelt, speck, spell, spend, stress, stretch, swell, swept, tense, tenth, text, theft, thence, thresh, trench, twelve, vend, wedge, weld, when, whet, yell.

3. Bel'fry, cher'ub, des'p[small o, breve]t, er'rand, er'rant, er'ring, fet'id, fet'l[small o, breve]ck, ger'[small u, breve]nd, hel'met, hem'l[small o, breve]ck, in'quest, ket'tle, lev'ee, mer'ry, mess'mate, meth'od, neth'er, pel'let, pest'er, preb'end, rel'ic, rel'ict, selv'edge, sec'ond, sher'iff, skep'tic, ten'et, tep'id, vel'vet, ver'y.

4. A-bet', ac-cess, a-depth, ad-dress, al-lege, an-nex, as-cend, as-sess, as-sets, at-tempt, a-venge, be-hest, be-quest, ca-det, ca-ress, com-mence, con-dense, con-fess, con-nect, con-sent, con-tempt, con-tent, de-fense,*

* Defense, offense, pretense, are so spelt by Webster; but Walker spells them thus; defence, offence, pretsuce.

de-fect, de-press.

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5. De-tect, de-test, dis-pense, dis-sect, dis-sent, di-vest, ef-fect, e-lect, e-rect, ex-cel, ex-cept, ex-empt, ex-pect, ex-pel, ex-pense, ex-press, ex-tent, f[small i, breve]-nesse, fo-ment, ga-zette, him-self, im-pel, im-mense, in-flect, in-ject, in-spect, in-tense, in-tent, in-trench, in-vent, mo-lest, of-fense, op-press, neg-lect, per-plex, pos-sess, pre-pense, pre-tense, pre-text, pre-vent, pro-fess, pro-pel.

6. Pro-tect, re-dress, re-flect, re-fresh, re-gret, re-lent, re-pel, re-pent, re-press, re-quest, re-sent, re-spect, re-trench, re-venge, se-lect, suc-cess, sug-gest,*

* According to Walker, and some other orthoëpists, the first g of this word ought to be sounded hard, as in hug; but, as we gain in ease and rapidity of enunciation by merging it in the sound of j, custom has sanctioned this departure from rule. Pronounce the word, sud-jest'.

sus-pect, sus-pense, tran-scend, trans gress, un-less, por-tent.

7. Ecs'ta-sy, her'e-tic, mem'o-ry, mes'sen-ger, mez'zo-tint, quer'[small u, macron]-lous, rec'om-pense, ret'ro-gr[small a, macron]ade, ret'ro-spect, splen'e-tic, ter'ri-er. -- Au-then'tic, con-tem'ner, de-vel'op, ge-ner'ic, ma-jes'tic, pre-cep'tress. -- Cir-cum-vent', in-ter-cept, rec-ol-lect, rep-re-sent.

Words in which a, ai, and ay, have the sound of e in met.

8. Said, saith, says. -- A'ny, ma'ny. -- Waist'coat, wain'scot. A-gain', a-gainst.

Words in which ea has the sound of e in met.

9. Bread, breadth, breast, breath, cleanse, dead, deaf, dealt, death, dread, dreamt, head, health,

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meant, read, realm, spread, stead, stealth, sweat, thread, threat, tread, wealth.

10. Break'fast, clean'ly, dead'ly, feath'er, health'y, heath'er, heav'en, heav'y, jeal'ous, lead'en, leath'er, leav'en, mead'ow, meas'ure, peas'ant, pleas'ant, read'y, stead'fast, stead'y, threat'en, treas'ure, weap'on, weath'er, zeal'ot, zeal'ous. -- In-stead'. -- Clean'li-ness, pleas'ant-ry, treach'er-y, treas'u-ry --. Al-read'y, en-deav'or.

Words in which æ, ei, eo, ie, u, and ue, have the sound of short e

11. Feoff, friend, guess, gust.--Bur'y, friend'ly, friend'ship, heif'er, jeop'ard, leop'ard. -- Bur'i-al, jeop'ard-y. Æs-thet'ic. Non-pa-reil'. Di-ær'e-sis, et-cæt'e-ra.

WRITING AND DICTATION EXERCISES.

1. Sit on the bench. He came at my beck. To blench is to shrink. The game of chess. The wood was cleft. A dense smoke. Dredge the meat He can etch on copper. I see no one else. Fend off the attack. A ledge of rocks. Kelp is from sea-weed. Go hence! Look trough the lens.

2. Quench the fire. Go in quest of the elk. The smelt swims. A wedge of gold. A sledge hammer. He dug a trench. Weld the pieces. To vend is to sell. The tenth hour. What was the text? Twelve shells. The stress of the voice. I reck not what they say. She swept the carpet. Stretch the rope.

3. My merry messmate was fond in the belfry. He had a kettle on for a helmet. Tepid water. A fetid smell. I sent her on an errand. Trim the fetlock A velvet dress. The selvedge of the cloth. A relic of the lost one. Mrs. B., the relict or widow of Mr. B. The prince is a despot. Send for the sheriff. The skeptic does not believe. Hemlock is poison. They hold an inquest. My nether garment. A strange tenet.

4. Attempt not to avenge thyself. Condense your remarks. Caress the child. You allege what is not correct. The cadet has a bequest. What are his assets? do not abet the bad. An adept in crime. What is your address?

5. Try to excel. An immense fire. The gazette was sent by express. It seems to me like finesse. What can you expect? Exempt from blame

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Dissect the duck. Inspect the ship. You depress her by your talk. Why oppress the poor? My pain is intense. A defect in his title. Do not foment discord. The member elect. Erect the tent.

6. You perplex me by your pretext. Do not resent it. I wish you success. I possess all I want. Neglect her not. You profess too much. Refresh yourself. Protect the weak. Seek not revenge. I relent. Propel the car. Malice prepense. You transcend my hopes. Let me suggest that you keep him in suspense.

7. The terrier barks. A retrograde movement. A querulous voice. My memory fails. Call him not a heretic. A fit of ecstasy. A mezzotint print. Recompense the messenger. A splenetic temper. The retrospect of my deeds. -- An authentic account. A contemner of things good. Int[small e, breve]rrogate the preceptress. A generic name. Recollect my charge. Intercept the thief.

8, 9. He says he has not any waistcoat. Many are as badly off. She hit her head against the wainscot. She read in his stead. I dreamt a dream. She dealt out bread to the hungry. The sweat of thy brow. He meant well. The realm of death. Cleanse thy breast. Too deaf to hear. In good health.

10. Breakfast is ready. The peasant stood on the heather. A feather for your cap. Pleasant weather. Leaven for the bread. A zealous will. Hope in heaven. Measure the weapon. Endeavor to be cleanly. Hate all treachery. Gold in the treasury. A belt of leather. The grass of the meadow.

11. Guess who is my guest. We will not jeopard our friendship. The leopard has spots. The miser means to bury his gold. Nonpareil type. To feoff is to invest with the fee of land. An æsthetic taste. The heifer lows. Et coetera are two Latin words, meaning and so forth. We sometimes use this mark &c. in place of them. A diæresis is a mark used to show the separation of syllables, as in Zoë.

IX. The Sound of E in Her.

1. Clerk, err, erst, fern, germ, nerb, herd, jerk, merge, nerve, perch, pert, serge, serve, sperm, stern, swerve, term, terse, verb, verge, verse, were, wert.

2. Ad'verb, ad'verse, bit'tern, cav'ern, cis'tern, cler'gy, com'merce, di'vers, di'verse, fer'ment, fer'vid, fil'bert, gov'ern, hal'berd, herds'man, her'mit, ice'berg, lan'tern, mer'cer, mer'chant, mer'cy, mer'maid, mod'ern, nerv'ous, north'ern, o'vert, p[small a, breve]s'tern, per'fect,

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per'jure, per'son, p[small o, macron]s'tern, pot'sherd, prov'erb, sher'bet, slat'tern, serv'ant, shep'herd, ster'ling, there'f[small o, macron]re, trav'erse, ver'dict, ver'tex.

3. Ad-vert', a-lert, a-merce, as-perse, a-ver, a-verse, co-erce, con-cern, con-verge, con-verse, de-fer, de-serve, dis-perse, di-verge, di-vert, e-merge, ex-pert, in-ert, in-fer, in-sert, in-ter, in-verse, in-vert, ob-serve, per-verse, pre-fer, pre-serve, re-fer, re-serve, re-verse, re-vert, sub-merge, sub-vert, su-perb, trans-verse.

4. Con'tro-vert, fer'til-[small i, macron]ze, mer'ci-ful, mer'cu-ry, per'fi-dy, per'fo-r[small a, macron]te, per'ju-ry, per'se-cute, per'-son-al, per'ti-nent, ser'pen-t[small i, macron]ne, ter'ma-gant, u'ni-verse, ver'te-bral, ver'ti-cal.--E-nerv'ate, in-fer'nal, im-mer'sion, im-per'fect, in-ter'nal, in-ter'pret, ma-ter'nal, pa-ter'nal, pre-serv'er, re-vers'al, su-per'-nal.--Dis-con-cert', in-ter-sperse.--Ad-ver'si-ty, re-ver'ber-[small a, macron]te.--An-i-mad-vert'.

Words in which ea has the sound of e in her.

5. Dearth, earl, earn, earth, heard, hearse, learn, pearl, search, yearn.--Ear'ly, earn'est, earth'en, earth'y, learn'ing, pearl'y.--Re-hearse', re-search. Re-hears'al.

Words in which i has the sound of e in her.

6. Birch, chirp, dirge, dirk, dirt, firm, first, flirt, mirth, quirk, shirt, skirt, sir, smirch, smirk, spirt, squirt, stir, third, thirst, twirl, whirl.--Cir'cle, fir'kin, irk'some, na'dir, skir'mish, squir'rel, stir'rup, thir'ty, vir'gin.--Hir-s[small u, macron]te', in-firm.--Cir'cu-lar.

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Words in which o and ou have the sound of e in her.

7. Scourge, word, work, world, worm, worse, wort, worth.--Jour'nal, jour'ney, so'journ, work'man, world'ly, wor'ship, wor'thy. Ad-journ'. Court'e-sy. At-tor'ney.

Words in which u, ue, and y, have the sound of e in her.

8. Blur, burn, burst, church, churl, churn, cur, curb, curd, curl, curse, curve, durst, furl, hurl, hurt, lurk, myrrh, nurse, purr, purge, purse, scurf, slur, spur, spurn, surd, surf, surge, turf, turn, urge.

9. Bur'den, bur'dock, burg'lar, bur'ly, cur'few, fur'long, fur'nish, fur'ry, fur'ther, guer'don, gur'net, mar'tyr, mur'der, murk'y, mur'mur, myr'tle, nurs'ling, pur'p[small o, macron]rt, pur'pose, purs'er, Sat'urn, sa'tyr, s[small u, breve]b'urbs, sur'name, Thurs'day, tur'key, turn'key, tur'nip. Sur'cin-gle.

10. Ab-surd', con-cur, de-mur, dis-burse, dis turb, in-cur, in-urn, oc-cur, re-cur, re-turn, un-furl u-surp.--Sur'ger-y, lit'ur-gy, tur'pen-tine, tur'bu lent.--De-mur'rer, di-urn'al, dis-cur'sive, in-sur' gent, noc-tur'nal, pre-cur'sor, sub-ur'ban, un-bur'den u-surp'er.--Re-im-burse'.--Ap-pur'te-nant.

DICTATION AND WRITING EXERCISES.

1. They were on the verge of ruin. Does not the clerk err? Sperm oil Which is the verb? If thou wert port, say so. Thou wast stern. I was erst expert in writing terse verse. Taste of the perch. Serge is a thin woolen stuff. The herbs of the field. I love the smell of fern. Swerve not to the right or left. The germ sprouts.

2. A deep cistern. They hid in a cavern. An overt act. A person adverse to my views. The modern clergy. The shepherd stood at the postern.

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The iceberg melts. Divers merchants went diverse ways. A bitern has long legs. The mercer's shop. The hermit had a lantern. Crack the filbert. The pastern of a horse. A halberd is a kind of spear. Pounds sterling. They rendered a verdict of guilty! Therefore let us go. Who ever saw a mermaid?

3. Invert the glass. A superb vase. You deserve a chiding. Disperse the crowd. I prefer to preserve this flower. You cannot coerce me. Submerge the raft. Our roads diverge. Emerge from the water. Observe that bird. Reserve your fire.

4. A pertinent remark. Rains fertilize the ground. Controvert what he says The termagant has no mercy. A serpentine walk. Perforate the bladder. The sun is now vertical. You enervate yourself by inertness. My immersion was imperfect, but I was well wet. Interpret this riddle My maternal aunt. The interment of the dead. The days of my adversity Hear the sound reverberate. I shall animadvert on her conduct.

5. A dearth of news. I heard that the earl lost a pearl. Search for it on the earth. I yearn to go home. The black hearse. I was early fond of learning. Be in earnest. Rehearse your part. A man of research.

6. Birds chirp. A birch tree. A dirge for the departed. First, throw away the dirk. A quirk of the law. The skirt is too long. A whirl of dust. Do not stir, sir. The flirt smirks. The coal will smirch thy hand.- A firkin of butter. An irksome skirmish. Hold the stirrup. The squirrel, has a nut. Thirty virgins. A circular to the trade. From the zenith to the nadir. A hirsute chin.

7. Step aside from the worm. A scourge for the liar! What is his word worth? What can be worse? A tiresome journey. Our sojourn in the world. A worthy workman. Family worship. An attorney at law. Adjourn the case. Cultivate courtesy. Make a courtesy.*

* When this word means an act of respect made by a woman, it is pronounced kurt'sy, in two syllables.

Let us keep a journal.

8. The cur barks. Myrrh is bitter. The churl durst not hurt me. Churn the cream. The nurse has gone to church. The surge rises. See the white surf. Surd is deaf. The bubble burst. My purse is empty. Do not slur over your lesson.

9. Turn aside for the man with the burden. A burly burglar broke into our house. I can go no further. A purser in the navy. The curfew tolls. Pull up the burdock. A surname is a family name. The suburbs of the city. We had turnips on Thursday. The martyr was burnt. A murky sky. A surcingle for the horse. The myrtle grows. The planet Saturn. We fish for gurnet. The guerdon of all my toil. The Satyr of the fable What is your purpose?

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10. I concur in your views. I demur to your demand. Unfurl the sail Disburse the money. Read the liturgy. Put turpentine on the sore. I am past surgery. The turbulent boys disturb me. A suburban cottage. Diurnal is daily. The emperor is a usurper.*

* Not "an usurper." Where initial u has its y sound, we use a, as before a consonant, and not an, as before a vowel.

Reimburse the servant. This shed is appurtenant to my house.

X. The Sound of short I, as in Fit.

1. Bill, bilge, bridge, brig, brim, bring, chill, chink, chintz, cliff, crib, crimp, cringe, crisp, didst, disk, ditch, fifth, filch, film, filth, fist, fix, flitch fringe, frisk, give, glimpse, hitch, inch, kick, lisp, live, midge, midst, milch, mill, mince, minx, miss, mix, niche, pinch, pitch, pith, plinth, prince.

2. Quick, quill, quilt, quince, rick, rinse, sick, sill, since, skiff, skill, skim, slim, springe, squib, squint, stick, stilt, stitch, strict, strip, swift, swill, swim, switch, thick, thill, thrift, thrill, trick, twinge, twist, twit, whiff, whim, whist, whit, wick, width, wind, wish, wisp, with, withe,*

* Heed the difference between aspirate and vocal th in with and withe. Where th vocal (as in thine) occurs in this volume, it is italicized, except where the classification renders this unnecessary.

witch, zinc.

3. Big'ot, bish'op, blis'ter, civ'ic, crit'ic, dis'taff, dis'trict, frig'id, gip'sy, im'p[small u, breve]lse, in'd[small e, breve]x, in'fl[small u, breve]x, in'jure, in'sect, in'stinct, kid'n[small a, breve]p, lim'it, lim'ner, linch'pin, live'long, mid'riff, min'im, mir'ror, mis's[small i, breve]ve, pig'my, pil'grim, pip'pin, pis'tol, pitch'er, piv'ot, ring'let, sand'wich, scrive'ner, sir'rah, sir'up, spig'ot, spir'it, splin'ter, thith'er, tim'ber, tim'id, tin'y (or ti'ny), vic'ar, vic'tim, vine'yard, vis'or, viv'id, wit'ness.

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4. A-bridge', ac-quit, ad-mit, af-flict, con-sist con-vince, de-pict, de-sist, dis-miss, dis-tinct, e-clipse, el-lipse, e-quip, e-vince, ex-ist, ex tinct, for-bid, for-give, im-pinge, in-flict, in-fringe, in sist, me-thinks, o-mit, pre-dict, pro-lix, re-scind, re-sist, re-strict, sub-mit, with-in.

5. Chas'tise-ment, dif'fi-cult, div'i-d[small e, breve]nd, im'age-ry, in'dus-try, in'fi-n[small i, breve]te, in'tel-lect, in'ter-im, ir'ri-tate, mil'li-ner, min'is-ter, mir'a-cle, priv'i-lege, rick'et-y, tam'a-r[small i, breve]nd, vir'u-lent, vit'ri-ol. -- Con-sid'-er, de-liv'er, e-lix'ir, em-pir'ic, in-sip'id, sa-tir'ic, sta-tis'tics, sub-mis'sive. Vi-o-lin'.

Words in which ai and ia have the sound of short i.

6. Cap'tain, cer'tain, chap'lain, chief'tain, cur'tain, fount'ain, mount'ain, plant'ain, vil'lain. -- C[small a, breve]r'riage, m[small a, breve]r'riage. -- Min'ia-ture, par'lia-ment.

Words in which e, ee, ei, ie, and o, have the sound of short i.

7. Been. Sieve. Eng'land, pret'ty. Breech'es. For'feit, mul'lein (or mul'len), sur'feit. Ker'chief, mar'ried, mis'chief. Wom'en. Mis'chiev-ous.

Words in which oi, u, ui, and y, have the sound of short i.

8. Build, guilt. Crypt, myth. Bis'cuit, cir'cuit, con'duit, guin'ea. Bus'y, f[small e, breve]r'ule, let-tuce, min'ute.*

* So pronounced as a noun. As an adjective, it is pronounced mi-n[small u, macron]ts'.

Tor'toise. Ca'lyx, crys'tal, cyn'ic, gym'nast, gyp'sum, hys'sop, lyr'ic, mys'tic, myth'ic, styp'tic, syl'van, syn'od, syn'tax, syr'inge, sys'tem. Gui-tar'.

9. Am'e-thyst, cyl'in-der, hyp'o-cr[small i, breve]te, myr'i-ad,

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mys'ter-y, ox'y-gen, pyr'a-mid, syl'la-bub, syl'la-ble, syc'a-more, sym'me-try, sym'pa-thy, syn'o-nym, typi-cal, tyr'an-ny. -- Dys'en-ter-y. Dys-pep'sy, gym-nas'tic, hys-t[small e, breve]r'ic. Po-lyg'a-my. Pan-e-gyr'ic Id-i-o-syn'cra-sy.

DICTATION AND WRITING EXERCISES.

1. Bilge water has a bad smell. The bridge was swept away. A chintz cover. Crimp my ruff. Cringe to no one. Didst thou fall into the ditch? The disk of the sun. A film over his eye. A flitch of bacon. A glimpse of sunshine. A milch cow. A niche for the vase. The plinth of a pillar. Mince pie. In the midst of the crowd.

2. Rinse the cup. A rick of hay. The skiff skims the lake. A stitch in time. A springe is a snare. The thill of a wagon. A whiff of smoke. The wick of the candle. The width of the street. A wisp of straw. I felt a twinge. He hit him with a withe. He is not a whit too good. Our sink is lined with zinc. The witch ran. Which witch? There is no such thing.

3. Our bishop is no bigot. The district school. Do not injure the insect. The linch-pin broke. A ripe pippin. I ate a sandwich. The scrivener writes. Show some spirit, sirrah! The witness wore a visor. He found the victim in a vineyard. They went thither. A tiny pitcher, full of sirup. A spigot in a cask. A timid vicar. The livelong day. The limner draws. The index turns on a pivot.

4. Abridge your visit. Will they acquit him? Desist from strife. Forget and forgive. The moon's eclipse. The form of an ellipse. To impinge is to fall against. Do not infringe the law. I predict a storm. The prince will rescind the decree. You gave me cause for chagrin.

5. Chastisement for the guilty. I commend your industry. The milliner waits. In the interim I will see the minister. A rickety chair. A virulent poison. The imagery of the poem is fine. An insipid elixir. He is an empiric, but no quack. Statistics of the census. Touch the violin.

6, 7. The captain and the chaplain came in a carriage to the marriage Draw the curtain. Sit by the fountain. The villain ran. A miniature likeness. Parliament sits in England. A mullein leaf. Pretty women. A mischievous boy in breeches A sieve for the meal. You shall forfeit your kerchief.

8. They build a house. A crypt is a sort of cave. A myth is a fable. The calyx of a flower. Be busy. A conduit for water. Put down the ferule. A head of lettuce. Syringe the plants. Wait a minute. Tune the guitar. Tortoise shell. I gave the poor man a guinea. A bunch of hyssop. A lyric poem.

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9. An amethyst cup. A stove-pipe is in the form of a cylinder. We inhale oxygen. A sycamore tree. The pyramids of Egypt. Tell me what you mean by a syllable. Never play the hypocrite. A synonym is a word having the same meaning as another word. An attack of dysentery. She has the dyspepsy. She must try gymnastic exercise. On me when dunces are satiric, I take it for a panegyric. Polygamy was common in Utah. An idiosyncrasy or peculiarity, of her constitution.

XI. The Sound of I in Fine.

1. Bide, blithe, chide, chime, chine, dire, fife, gibe, gripe, hire, hive, kine, mire, prime, prize, rice, rind, rise, rive, scribe, shire, shrive, sire, size, smite, snipe, spice, spike, spile, spine, splice, squire, stride, strike, strife, stripe, thine, thrice, thrive, tithe, tire, tribe, tripe, trite, while, whilst, whine, wind, wire, wise.

In the words of the following paragraph gh is unsounded.

2. Blight, bright, fight, flight, fright, high, light, might, nigh, night, plight, right, sigh, thigh, tight, wight. -- Af-fright', a-light, de-light.

3. Bi'ped, bi'v[small a, breve]lve, bri'ny, ci'der, cli'max, con'trite, di'et, di'ver, dri'ver, ex'ile, fe'line, fi'at, fi'n[small i, macron]te, gen'tile, grind'stone, hind'most, ire'ful, like wise, li'lac, mi'ser, pli'ant, ri'ot, ri'val, sat'ire, siren, spi'cy, spi'nal, spi'ral, sti'pend, vi'ands, vi'nous, vi'tal, whi'lom, wood'bine.

4. A-bide', ac-quire, ad-mire, ad-vise, as-cribe, as-pire, as-size, at-tire, bap-tize, be-tide, ca-nine, com-bine, con-cise, con-spire, con-trive, de-cide, de-file, de-fine, de-prive, de-ride, de-rive, de scribe, de-spite, en-tice, es-quire, ex-pire, ig-nite, im-bibe, in-cite, in-cline, in-spire, o-blige, o-pine,

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per-spire pre-cise, pre-mise, pre-side, re-cline, re-fine, re-quite, re-vile, re-vive, sa-line, sub scribe, sub-lime, sub-side, suf-fice (pronounced suffize'), su-pine, sur-prise, sur-vive, trans-pire.

5. Al'[small i, breve]-bi, al'ka-li, di'a-gr[small a, breve]m, di'a-lect, di'amond, di'a-ry, di'o-c[small e, macron]se, i'ron-y, mi'cro-sc[small o, macron]pe, sci'olist, si'ne-cure, vi'a-duct, vi'o-let. -- Ac'o-nite, an'thra-cite, croc'o-dile, [small e, breve]r'[small u, macron]-dite, ex'pe-dite, hom'[small i, breve]-cide, ma'tri-cide, pan'to-mime, p[small a, breve]r'a-dise, p[small a, breve]r'a-site, p[small a, breve]r'ri-cide, rec'on-cile, rec'on-dite, sac'r[small i, breve]-fice (pronounced sac'ri-fize), sat'el-lite, tur'pen-tine. -- El-e-gi'ac. Sta-lac'tite.

6. Ag'gran-dize, au'thor-ize, can'on-ize, civ'ilize, col'o-nize, crys'tal-lize, dog'ma-tize, dram'atize, e'qual-ize, gal'van-ize, gor'man-dize, har'mo nize, le'gal-ize, mag'net-ize, mor'al-ize, or'gan-ize, pat'ron-ize, pul'ver-ize, re'al-ize, rec'og-nize, sat'ir ize, scan'dal-ize, scru'ti-nize, sig'nal-ize, sol'em-nize, stig'ma-tize, sym'bol-ize, sub'si-dize, tan'ta lize, tem'po-rize, the'o-rize, tran'quil-ize. E-lec'-trize.

7. Ad'ver-tise, com'pro-mise, crit'i-cise, en'terprise, ex'er-cise, mer'chan-dise. -- A-nat'o-mize, a-pol'o-gize, e-con'o-mize, e-pit'o-mize, im-mor'talize, i-tal'i-cize, mo-nop'o-lize, so-lil'o-quize.

8. Ad-mir'er, af-fi'ance, al-li'ance, ar-ri'val, as-pir'ant, com-pi'ler, com-pli'ance, con-ni'vance, de-fi'ance, de-fi'ner, de-ni'al, en-vi'ron, ho-ri'zon, in-qui'ry, re-ci'tal, re-li'ance, re-pri'sal, re-qui'tal, re-vi'val, sub-si'dence, sur-vi'val. -- Co-in-cide',

Page 48

-u-per-fine, su-per-vise. -- E-bri'e-ty, sa-ti'e-ty. so-ci'e-ty, va-ri'e-ty.

Words in which ei and ie have the sound of i in fine.

9. Cries, die, dries, fie, hie, pie, pied, plies, pries, tie, tries, vie. -- Height (or hight), sleight. -- Ei'der, mag'pie.

Words in which ui, uy, y, ye, and eye, have the sound of i in fine.

10. Cry, fly, pyre, scythe, shy, sky, sly, spry, sty, style, type. -- Dy'er, cy'cle, cy'press, hy'son, ty'rant. -- Al-ly', a-wry, re-ly. -- Guide, guile, guise. -- Eye. Rye. Buy'er. Dis-guise'.

11. An'a-lyze, an'o-dyne, hy'a-cinth, hy'dro-gen, p[small a, breve]r'a-lyze, pro'to-type, pros'e-lyte. St[small e, breve]r'e-o-type.

The final y of numerous verbs has the sound of long i; as cru'-ci-fy, mul'ti-ply, oc'cu-py, r[small a, breve]r'e-fy, rat'i-fy, rec'ti-fy, &c. See page 139.

DICTATION AND WRITING EXERCISES.

1, 2. A gibe is a taunt. The snipe flew. A trite saying. The rind of a melon. The squire is the chief man of the shire. You rive my heart. Let me splice it. A tithe is a tenth. Whilst the sun shines the birds are blithe. Might does not make right. The wight was in a sad plight. A blight is on the rose. Sight not. They took to flight in affright. Drive a spile into the cask

3. A biped has two feet. A bivalve has two valves. A feline tread. A contrite spirit. Such is the fiat of the king. Turn the grindstone (also pronounced gr[small i, breve]nd'stone). The Jew and the Gentile. A lilac bush. A spiral wire. A spinal complaint. Byron wrote a satire. Taste the viands The cider has a vinous flavor.

4. He will baptize the child. The coal will not ignite. Describe the scene. To opine is to think. Canine madness. Saline springs. You will survive your surprise. Let that suffice. I do not oblige you to subscribe. He lay supine. Let her lie down, she will revive. Let her lie there a while. How long did she lie there? She lay there an hour. A pillow was laid under her head

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5. Alibi is elsewhere. To prove an alibi, is to prove that you were not in a certain place. Draw a diagram. Look through the microscope. A sinecure is an office without care. Aconite is poison. O! the sweet Spring violets! Anthracite coal. Alas! the parricide! A pantomime is mute mimicry. Put turpentine on the sore. A heavy sacrifice. An elegiac poem. Stalactites hung from the cavern.

6. To dogmatize is to assert confidently. Do not gormandize. Tranquilize your fears. Scrutinize his conduct. Harmonize our plans. Pulverize the stone. Moralize on life. I cannot realize that you are married. The drops will crystallize. He tries to aggrandize his family. I did not recognize him. Let death solemnize our thoughts. You tantalize me. Will you authorize me to try it? They will canonize the saint.

7. Advertise your loss. Compromise the matter. Criticise my style. A bold enterprise. A room full of merchandise. -- You must apologize. Hear Hamlet soliloquize. Italicize the word. Do not monopolize the food. She means to be electrized.

8. The subsidence of the waters. The arrival of the cars. An aspirant to office. One of your admirers. He seeks an alliance. What shall be his requital? Good society. A variety of things. Do you coincide with me? Environ him with friends. The environs of the city. Below the horizon.

9, 10. The height of the tree. Sleight of hand. The eider duck. He plies his trade. I was the buyer of that scythe. A funeral pyre. A cypress tree. Go to the dyer for my dress. A blind guide. He is free from guile. My right eye. He wore a disguise. The ally of France.

11. Hyson tea. Hydrogen gas. An anodyne soothes pain. Analyze the powder. Do not look awry. A prototype or model. They go to occupy the land. He will ratify the bargain. Ay, meaning yes, rhymes nearly with my; but aye, meaning always, rhymes with day.

XII. The Sound of long O, as in Go.

1. Bolt, bone, borne, both, choke,

Ace	add	chest	bride	brick	grope
bathe	black	dent	dike	drill	poke
brave	brag	dregs	dime	drip	rode
case	fang	fret	mice	clinch	strode
crane	smack	glen	mile	cling	bond
flake	snap	helve	mine	flinch	clog
lace	stab	lend	pride	frill	mock
shade	stag	melt	slice	skin	pond
space	strand	neck	slime	spin	luck
tape	tact	sell	swine	sprig	muff

Sargent, Epes, 1813-1880.

EPES SARGENT, AUTHOR OF "THE STANDARD SPEAKER," ETC.

MACON, GA.: J. W. BURKE. 1861.

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year eighteen hundred and fifty-six, by EPES SARGENT, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the District of Massachusetts. PRINTED BY R. M. EDWARDS.

PREFACE.

TAB OF THE ELEMENTARY SOUNDS IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE.

VOWEL SOUNDS.

VOWEL OR CONSONANT SOUNDS.

CONSONANT SOUNDS.

COGNATE CONSONANT SOUNDS.

COMPOUND VOWEL SOUNDS.

COMPOUND CONSONANT SOUNDS.

MODIFIED VOWEL SOUNDS.

LETTERS, WORDS, AND SENTENCES.

DIRECTIONS.

THE ENGLISH ALPHABET.

ROMAN LETTERS.

ITALIC LETTERS.

OLD ENGLISH

DIPHTHONGS.

SARGENT'S STANDARD SPELLER.

PART I. PROMISCUOUS INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES.

DICTATION AND WRITING EXERCISES.

DICTATION AND WRITING EXERCISES.

WRITING AND DICTATION EXERCISES.

PART II. CLASSIFIED EXERCISES.

VOWEL SOUNDS AND SUBSTITUTES.

Words in which au, ea, e, and ua, have the sound of a in Far.

In laugh, draught, and some other words, gh has the sound of f.

WRITING AND DICTATION EXERCISES.

II. Short A, as in Hat.

Ai has the sound of short a in plaid and rail'ler-y.head

DICTATION AND WRITING EXERCISES.

III. Long A, as in Fate.

Words in which ai, ea, and au, have the sound of long a.

Words in which ay has the sound of long a.

Words in which e, ei, eig, eigh, and ey, have the sound of long a.*

DICTATION AND WRITING EXERCISES.

IV. The Sound of A in Fall.

The l in the following words is not sounded.

Words in which au, augh, and aw, have the sound of a in fall.

Words in which o, oa, and ough, have the sound of a in fall.

WRITING AND DICTATION EXERCISES.

V. The Sound of long A in Care.

Words in which ai, ay, e, ea, and ei, have the sound of a in care.

DICTATION AND WRITING EXERCISES

VI. The Sound of A in Ask.

DICTATION AND WRITING EXERCISES.

VII. The Sound of long E, as in Be, &c.

Words in which ea has the sound of long e.

Words in which ee has the sound of long e.

Words in which ei has the sound of long e.

Words in which ie and eo have the sound of long e.

Words in which i has the sound of long e.

WRITING AND DICTATION EXERCISES.

VIII. The Sound of Short E in Met.

Words in which a, ai, and ay, have the sound of e in met.

Words in which ea has the sound of e in met.

Words in which æ, ei, eo, ie, u, and ue, have the sound of short e

WRITING AND DICTATION EXERCISES.

IX. The Sound of E in Her.

Words in which ea has the sound of e in her.

Words in which i has the sound of e in her.

Words in which o and ou have the sound of e in her.

Words in which u, ue, and y, have the sound of e in her.

DICTATION AND WRITING EXERCISES.

X. The Sound of short I, as in Fit.

Words in which ai and ia have the sound of short i.

Words in which e, ee, ei, ie, and o, have the sound of short i.

Words in which oi, u, ui, and y, have the sound of short i.

DICTATION AND WRITING EXERCISES.

XI. The Sound of I in Fine.

Words in which ei and ie have the sound of i in fine.

Words in which ui, uy, y, ye, and eye, have the sound of i in fine.

DICTATION AND WRITING EXERCISES.

XII. The Sound of long O, as in Go.

EPES SARGENT,
AUTHOR OF "THE STANDARD SPEAKER," ETC.

MACON, GA.:
J. W. BURKE.
1861.

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year eighteen hundred and fifty-six, by EPES SARGENT, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the District of Massachusetts.
PRINTED BY R. M. EDWARDS.

TAB OF THE ELEMENTARY SOUNDS IN THE
ENGLISH LANGUAGE.

SARGENT'S
STANDARD SPELLER.

PART I.
PROMISCUOUS INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES.

PART II.
CLASSIFIED EXERCISES.