Documenting the American South Logo
powered by google
  Highlights   |   About   |   Collections   |   Authors   |   Titles   |   Subjects   |   Geographic   |   Classroom   |   New Additions  

Annual Report of the Board of Public Charities of North Carolina, 1908:
Electronic Edition.

North Carolina Board of Public Charities

Funding from the Institute for Museum and Library Services supported the electronic publication of this title.

Text transcribed by Apex Data Services, Inc.
Images scanned by Melissa Meeks
Text encoded by Apex Data Services, Inc. and Melissa Meeks
First edition, 2003
ca. 718K
Academic Affairs Library, UNC-CH
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,
2003.

        © This work is the property of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. It may be used freely by individuals for research, teaching and personal use as long as this statement of availability is included in the text.

Source Description:
(title page) Annual Report of the Board of Public Charities of North Carolina, 1908
(caption) Report of the Board of Public Charities for the Year 1908
North Carolina Board of Public Charities
228 p., ill.
Raleigh
E. M. Uzzell & Co., State Printers and Binders
1909

Call number C360 N87p 1908 c.2 (North Carolina Collection, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)


        The electronic edition is a part of the UNC-CH digitization project, Documenting the American South.
        The text has been entered using double-keying and verified against the original.
        The text has been encoded using the recommendations for Level 4 of the TEI in Libraries Guidelines.
        Original grammar, punctuation, and spelling have been preserved. Encountered typographical errors have been preserved, and appear in red type.
        All footnotes are moved to the end of paragraphs in which the reference occurs.
        Any hyphens occurring in line breaks have been removed, and the trailing part of a word has been joined to the preceding line.
        All quotation marks, em dashes and ampersand have been transcribed as entity references.
        All double right and left quotation marks are encoded as " and " respectively.
        All single right and left quotation marks are encoded as ' and ' respectively.
        All em dashes are encoded as --
        Indentation in lines has not been preserved.
        Running titles have not been preserved.
        Spell-check and verification made against printed text using Author/Editor (SoftQuad) and Microsoft Word spell check programs.

Library of Congress Subject Headings

Languages Used:

LC Subject Headings:

Revision History:

        

Illustration

EDMUND BURKE HAYWOOD, M. D., LL. D.

FIRST CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD OF PUBLIC CHARITIES AFTER ITS REORGANIZATION IN 1889.

Page ii

EDMUND BURKE HAYWOOD, M. D., LL. D.

        Edmund Burke Haywood was born at Raleigh, N. C., January 15, 1825; was educated at the University of North Carolina and graduated in the medical course at the University of Pennsylvania. He practiced his profession in his native city and rapidly rose to eminence as a general practitioner and surgeon. Degrees of A. M. and of LL. D. were conferred upon him by his alma mater. Upon the call to arms in 1861 he enlisted as a private in the Raleigh Light Infantry; was chosen surgeon of the company; sent by Governor Ellis to inspect the hospitals on Morris Island; organized the first military hospital in the State; was appointed surgeon of the North Carolina State Troops and in August, 1862, surgeon in the service of the Confederate States. During the battles around Richmond served in Seabrook Hospital. At the end of the war was in charge of Pettigrew Hospital at Raleigh, and after the last soldier was discharged from that hospital he returned to private practice. He served as vice president and president of the State Medical Society and made valuable contributions to medical literature.

        In 1866, upon the reorganization of the State institutions, he was appointed a member of the Board of Directors of the North Carolina Insane Asylum, at that time the only institution for this class in the State. He served as chairman of that board from 1875 to 1889. At his instance a committee was appointed and a site selected for a separate institution for the colored insane at Goldsboro, and in like manner he urged the establishment of the Western Hospital for the white insane.

        He resigned to become Chairman of the Board of Public Charities of the State, being appointed to that office by Governor Daniel G. Fowle. In this wider field his broad sympathies were warmly enlisted and he labored earnestly to lay the foundation for the amelioration of the condition of the prisoner and other wards of the State and for improved administration of the charities and corrections.

        He resigned June 6, 1891, on account of pressing professional duties, and died January 18, 1894. He is survived by his wife, who was Miss Lucy A. Williams of Raleigh, five sons and one daughter.

        "We rejoice with them, for the noble example of his stainless life, as a skillful physician, a faithful public servant, a devoted Christian, a benefactor of his fellowmen, and an ardent patriot, loving and beloved by North Carolina."--Resolutions of respect by the Board of Public Charities, May, 1894.


        Under picture on opposite page read 1889 for 1899.


        

Illustration

[Title Page Image]

Page 1

ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
BOARD OF PUBLIC CHARITIES
OF
NORTH CAROLINA
1908

RALEIGH
E. M. UZZELL & CO., STATE PRINTERS AND BINDERS
1909

Page 2

MEMBERS OF THE BOARD.

        
WILLIAM A. BLAIR, Chairman Winston-Salem.
CAREY J. HUNTER Raleigh.
A. C. MCALISTER Asheboro.
HENRY C. DOCKERY Rockingham.
JOSEPH G. BROWN Raleigh.
(MISS) DAISY DENSON, Secretary Raleigh.

        OFFICE IN THE CAPITOL.

Page 3

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.

RALEIGH, N. C., January 5, 1909.

To His Excellency, R. B. GLENN,
Governor of North Carolina.

        SIR:--We have the honor to submit herewith the Annual Report of the Board of Public Charities for the year ending December 31, 1908.

        Your special attention is called to the several recommendations therein, which, in our opinion, require the action of the General Assembly, to whom we earnestly ask that you transmit the same, with your approval.

Respectfully submitted,

WILLIAM A. BLAIR,
Chairman.

CAREY J. HUNTER,
HENRY C. DOCKERY,
JOSEPH G. BROWN,
A. C. MCALISTER,
Commissioners.

Page 5

REPORT
OF THE
BOARD OF PUBLIC CHARITIES
FOR THE YEAR 1908.

THE CAPITOL,
RALEIGH, N. C., December 31, 1908.

MR. W. A. BLAIR, Chairman, AND MESSRS. CAREY J. HUNTER,
A. C. MCALISTER, H. C. DOCKERY AND JOSEPH G.
BROWN, Commissioners of Public Charities.

        GENTLEMEN:--I have the honor to present the following report of the condition and management of the charitable and penal institutions of the State for the fiscal year ending November 30, 1908.

        In addition will be found the reports of orphanages, hospitals and other charitable institutions maintained by private benevolence and municipal aid. These are voluntary reports, made by request of the Board of Charities, and included in this public report for the information of our people and to show in a comprehensive way the entire field of charitable endeavor.

        The great number of defective and degenerate persons who burden the State and whose defective organizations can be traced to hereditary causes makes us ask ourselves whether we may not more effectually expend our energies upon preventive measures than upon cure or alleviation. Certainly we should not be satisfied with merely the latter.

        Social workers are emphasizing the necessity of seeking the sources whence flow these streams of fettered souls into our institutions, and there to check the torrent. Prevention is to be the new keynote of philanthropy. That charity is the most perfect charity which does most to eliminate itself, which meets the needs so well as to become unnecessary.

Page 6

        Segregation of the imbecile and epileptic, stricter marriage laws for them, are preventive measures in use in this and other countries. The congenital deaf should be included in these restrictive marriage laws. The epileptic and the imbecile should receive custodial care for life in an epileptic village, where they may live happily and yet entail suffering upon no succeeding generation.

        Again, in the case of the blind, important preventive treatment will save a long lifetime of blindness to the new-born babe. The New York State commission to investigate the condition of the blind in that State found that 26 per cent, or 600, of the blind children of that State were the victims of "ophthalmia neonatorum," "almost none of whom would have lost his sight had simple prophylactic measures been employed." The commission emphasized these two points: "(1) That it is the duty of the State to protect its infant citizen, as a minor, from the danger of blindness with which he is threatened; and (2) that it is the duty of the State to protect itself from the burden of caring for the unnecessarily blind."

        Prof. John E. Ray, of the State School, calls attention to this matter in his biennial report, and says that "at least 15 to 25 per cent (forty to sixty boys and girls) of the students of this school should never have been blind, and would not have been if the proper medical skill and intelligence had been exercised."

        Then there are the cases of border-line or incipient insanity. If they could be taken in time and early diagnosis and care given, what a saving to the taxpayers! It is injurious to the insane person to be cared for by one and then by another set of officials, spending several months in jail before receiving treatment, and losing perhaps the chance of recovery.

        As soon as our State is able, we should have established in connection with one of our great hospitals a psychopathic institute, where there may be research looking into the causes of insanity, where all the physicians connected with the various institutions can spend some time in turn. Dr. Adolph

Page 7

Meyer is in charge of such an institute on Ward's Island, New York, and every one of the sixty doctors in the State institutions have studied and conferred with him and together. Dr. Billings, of the Board of Charities of Illinois, says that "It means better nomenclature of the disease, properly written records, something of prognosis based upon the diagnosis. It means looking into everything connected with psychiatry. A satisfactory clinic would not only teach the doctors in the State service, but those in general practice, who, as a rule, know little about insanity. It means that medical students can gain a knowledge of insanity, and the pupils going out into the State would recognize the disease and its causes. For, as much as we talk about insanity and its causes, we do not know as much about it as we should, and such pupils going out everywhere might be able to stem the tide, for, as you know, insanity is increasing."

        Hydrotherapeutic treatment for the insane is used in many large institutions with great success. Its greatest value is upon its quick use in the early stages of the disease.

        North Carolina has already entered upon the preventive phase of charity. To-night, when the old year dies, every saloon in the State closes its doors and the cause of temperance triumphs. The moral battle which has been waged within our borders means uplift for not only the man who has conquered himself for the sake of the weaker brother, but the ennobling of future generations, and is pertinent to this question of prevention, intemperance being the direct or indirect cause of much of the imbecility, insanity, crime and poverty. If we could see into the future, we doubt not that, this scourge removed, much of the burden of caring for the defective and helpless will be relieved.

        Again, the State, in preparing a training school for delinquent boys, is using a preventive. A countless saving in manhood and priceless souls will result, a lessening of crime and a monetary return, in that possible criminals will become of economic value, constructive instead of destructive, building

Page 8

up the waste places and adding to the strength and beauty of the Commonwealth. In her wise laws for the care of consumptives and the separation of this class from other prisoners and from other inmates in her several institutions she again is keeping in the van with other States. The establishment of the Tuberculosis Sanatorium near Aberdeen was a great preventive step. This disease kills more of mankind probably than any other. It is one of the most pauperizing of all diseases. And yet it is preventable. We have known this since Dr. Koch discovered the tubercle bacillus, in 1882.

        Dr. Theodore Sachs, of Chicago, says that "The life of a tuberculous patient in the incipient stage can be saved at the expense of $150 to $200, and this means not only the return of a breadwinner to a family and prevention of infection in others, but also the gradual creation of an army of cured consumptives, who, by their example of orderly life, cleanly habits and love of pure air, are always great factors in an effective campaign against tuberculosis in any community."

        And Pasteur has said that "It is in the power of man to cause all parasitic (germ) diseases to disappear from the world."

        What an energizing ray of hope penetrates the seeming darkness of the vast problem of the care of our defective, dependent, delinquent classes! And this hope lies in prevention.

        Archbishop Ireland said in his conference sermon that "We must take advantage of all the discoveries in sociology and in industry. Those are two gifts of the Almighty to humanity, and we are serving the Almighty when we make use of those gifts; hence preventive charity is far more valuable than that charity which only relieves. We must relieve, but let us be active in that charity which will prevent evil passion and suffering and which will put humanity on a higher stage."

Page 9

POPULATION OF INSTITUTIONS, APPROPRIATIONS OF 1907-1908 AND
APPROPRIATIONS NEEDED FOR THE BIENNIAL PERIOD 1909-1910.

        The population of the institutions was distributed during the year ending November 30, 1908, as follows:

        
  Total Inmates.
Hospital at Morganton 1,335
Hospital at Raleigh 711
Hospital at Goldsboro 857
Dangerous Insane Department 75
School for the White Blind 182
School for the Colored Blind and Deaf 196
School for the White Deaf and Dumb 284
Soldiers' Home 192
Oxford Orphanage for White Children 369
Oxford Orphanage for Colored Children 148
Stonewall Jackson Manual Training and Industrial School 0
North Carolina Tuberculosis Sanatorium 10
Total 4,359
Whole number of insane in charge during the year 2,978

        Present in the institutions November 30, 1908:

        
Hospital at Morganton 1,142
Hospital at Raleigh 502
Hospital at Goldsboro 654
Dangerous Insane Department 61
School for the White Blind 165
School for the Colored Blind and Deaf 99
School for the White Deaf and Dumb 249
Soldiers' Home 134
Oxford Orphanage for White Children 325
Oxford Orphanage for Colored Children 142
Stonewall Jackson Manual Training and Industrial School 0
North Carolina Tuberculosis Sanatorium 5
Total 3,478
Insane present in the hospitals November 30, 1908 2,298

        Per capita cost per annum for maintenance during the year 1908:

        
State Hospital at Morganton $152.55
State Hospital at Raleigh 167.25
State Hospital at Goldsboro 122.14
Dangerous Insane Department 93.04
School for White Blind, a little over 200.00

Page 10

Sschool for the Colored Blind and Deaf, approximately $175.00
School for the White Deaf and Dumb 185.00
Stonewall Jackson Manual Training and Industrial School  
North Carolina Tuberculosis Sanatorium  
Soldiers' Home 108.00

        Annual appropriation for pensions, $400,000, and $12,000 paid out for totally blind veterans. Number of pensioners, 15,000.

        The appropriations for maintenance made for the biennial period of 1907-1908 were, for each year, as follows:

        
State Hospital at Morganton $145,000
State Hospital at Raleigh 95,000
State Hospital at Goldsboro 65,000
Dangerous Insane Department 5,000
Schools for White Blind and for Colored Blind and Deaf 60,000
School for White Deaf and Dumb, Morganton 46,000
North Carolina Soldiers' Home 15,000
Oxford Orphanage 10,000
Oxford Orphanage for the Colored 5,000
State Tuberculosis Sanatorium 5,000
Stonewall Jackson Manual Training School 5,000
Elhanan Orphanage 500
Total $456,500

        Increase in maintenance appropriation, $20,500 per annum above previous biennial period.

        Total appropriations for biennial period of 1907-1908 for charitable institutions, including Training School and Tuberculosis Sanatorium:

        
Maintenance $ 913,000.00
Improvements, repairs, additions and equipment 48,800.00
Special for mental defectives 250,000.00
Establishment of Tuberculosis Sanatorium 15,000.00
To liquidate indebtedness 25,138.62
Total $1,251,938.62
Total annual appropriations 625,969.31

Page 11

        Maintenance for the biennial period 1909-1910:

        
    Annual Amount Needed.
State Hospital at Morganton, annually   $175,000.00
State Hospital at Raleigh, for the number now present; more if the epileptics are received   118,250.00
State Hospital at Goldsboro, for 1909 $83,750  
State Hospital at Goldsboro, for 1910 90,000 86,875.00
Dangerous Insane Department   7,500.00
School for the Deaf and Dumb at Morganton   55,000.00
Schools for the White Blind and Colored Blind and Deaf   65,000.00
Soldiers' Home   17,000.00
Oxford Orphanage for White Children   10,000.00
Oxford Orphanage for the Colored   5,000.00
Stonewall Jackson Training School   5,000.00
Tuberculosis Sanatorium   5,000.00
Total   $549,625.00

        The amount asked for exceeds the appropriations of the last period by $93,125 annually. The appropriations to the Stonewall Jackson Training School and to the Tuberculosis Sanatorium should be materially increased above the present appropriations of $5,000 per annum.

        
Special appropriation disbursed by Hospital Commission $125,000.00
Annual for maintenance 549,625.00
Grand total $674,625.00

        

INDEBTEDNESS OF INSTITUTIONS.

The State Hospital at Morganton $20,000.00
The State Hospital at Goldsboro 11,000.00
The State Hospital at Raleigh 89.52
School for the Deaf and Dumb, Morganton 2,292.10
School for the Blind 2,500.00
Total $35,881.62

        The Dangerous Insane Department cost $768.36 more than the appropriation of $5,000, but the expenses of this department are now defrayed out of the prison earnings.

        This general overlapping of maintenance funds seems to show that the causes are similar, namely, the demand for

Page 12

admission and the attempt to meet the demand, and the rise in prices from which the whole country has suffered.

        A comparison of per capitas appears to confirm a part of this conclusion, as there was an increase over the per capita of two years ago, except in the case of the hospital at Raleigh, which has decreased each year for two years, due to the increased facilities and the purchasing of land previously rented, as well as to the increase of population. The Soldiers' Home and the Dangerous Insane Department show about the same per capitas--very low at each.

        The per capitas of our institutions compare well with those of other States, being lower than many. But with higher per capitas institutions can become more efficient, and we should keep in mind that the lowest per capita, unless accompanied with the desired results, would not be meeting the real needs.

INSANE.

        Quoting from the report of the Committee on Insane of the National Conference, Dr. Owen Copp, chairman, says:

        In the formative period of a community the insane, the defective, the poor, the physically ill and the criminal are likely to be found in the same establishment or in close association under the same management. But the growth of a State leads naturally to their separation in institutions under appropriate boards of administration and of supervision. * * * * The complete evolution should be the General Board of Prison Commissioners, the State Board of Health, the State Board of Charity and the State Board of Insanity, with their respective local boards of managers. The relation of the general to the local boards should be grounded on two principles: (1) local executive responsibility; (2) general supervisory review of executive acts, with power of investigation, recommendation and criticism, but no arbitrary authority of control in local matters. The absolute powers of the supervisory board should be limited to general interests and interrelations of multiple local units. The theory of operation presents these supervisory and administrative bodies distinct in function and independent in action, viewing problems of common concern from their different standpoints, but arriving at harmonious conclusions through conference and discussion, or, failing to agree, referring their differences to the final arbiter, the Governor or legislative assembly, representatives of the public. Such supervisory relation preserves individuality and independence, encourages free expression of opinion and

Page 13

comparison of methods and results, stimulates to wholesome rivalry for leadership, and insures protest against pernicious policies potent to recast or defeat them.

        The insane and mentally defective naturally group together under the supervision of the board of insanity, but have divers characteristics requiring subdivision into the feeble-minded, the epileptic, the insane criminal and other insane, each presenting sufficient dissimilarity to warrant a special environment.

        Each institution should have its exclusive district. * * * The extent of such district should be proportionate to its capacity for patients, expanding with its growth to a maximum by readjustment from time to time through the State Board.

        The limit of extension of a hospital is a matter of vital importance, which will elicit a great diversity of opinion. All would desire its limitation within the compass of the individual study and treatment of its patients and within the capacity of a single executive head to conserve efficiency and unity in all departments, both medical and administrative. Such conditions would restrict expansion beyond six to eight hundred. Unfortunately, however, the insistent demands of highest economy far transcend such bounds. The lower maintenance charge of the large institution is evident to the many, whereas the compensations of the small hospital in promoting better treatment of patients and higher medical and scientific attainment are recognized by only a minority.


        There should be a certain policy for the care of the annual increase of the insane. We should have in mind the maximum limit of our hospitals, and when that has been reached a new one should be established. The maximum, so the best authorities say, should not exceed 1,500, and others say that the number should be less to attain the best results.

        The hospital districts should not be immovable, but should be changed from time to time to meet the needs of our rapidly growing population--a growth which is necessarily not uniform in all sections at the same period. The real question is the care of the insane of the whole State in the most economical manner consistent with the best medical results.

        The State Hospital Commission having thoroughly taken up the needs of the hospitals as to adequate room and equipment, we will simply call attention to the general need of increased maintenance funds to meet the increased number

Page 14

now in charge and those to be admitted upon completion of the buildings in course of construction.

DANGEROUS INSANE DEPARTMENT.

        This department, which occupies the western wing of the State's Prison, has outgrown its capacity. Thirteen are now in charge who must occupy prison cells at night. It was but a makeshift to meet urgent need of separating this class from the more tractable insane--a forward step for North Carolina--but the attention of the Legislature is respectfully called to the necessity of soon providing other quarters for this class. The wards are comfortable, but there are no facilities or space for outdoor life or occupation, those active factors in the proper treatment of the insane. The statistics show eight curse out of seventy-five patients during the year, with all the attendant drawbacks. We would recommend that this department and its needs be included in the general appropriation for the adequate provision for our insane, and that the Hospital Commission be requested to take up the question.

MENTAL DEFECTIVES IN HOMES AND JAILS.

        Reports have been received during the year from all jails except three and all County Homes except two, in regard to the mental defectives. The reports not coming promptly gives less value to these statistics, as some of the insane in the jails have doubtless since been transferred to the hospitals and a few from the County Homes. However, it shows about the average number passing through the prisons, those in such condition as to necessitate confinement at the Homes (and who should most emphatically not be there) and a large number who are harmlessly insane or feeble in mind and perhaps can with security be left where they are at present, though there is more or less danger, and our policy should be State care for all the insane.

Page 15

        Present at time of report:

        
Insane in jails 26
Insane in County Homes 162
Epileptic 97
Feeble-minded (idiotic, imbecile, senile, etc.) 270
Total 554

        Of these, 26 were confined in jails and 47 in Homes; total, 73.

EPILEPTIC VILLAGE.

        There are ninety-seven epileptics reported in the County Homes. A number of those classed as insane in the jails are insane epileptics. The time will come--perhaps is here--when we should provide for the "care and treatment of epileptics"--not the epileptic who has lost all his opportunity in life for want of this care, and is already a dement and incurable, but for the class who are living in the community handicapped on every side and daily losing ground. The young especially--and this disease begins in early life--should be received and cared for in such a village. There are curse, though it is a disease which is not so well diagnosed and in the study of which many men are spending their lives, still the attacks are arrested and further brain deterioration reduced to the minimum. But to the State it will mean not alone the possible cures, but the cutting off of a large number of this class eventually by segregating such as should not return to the community.

        Such a village should be entirely separated from the hospitals for the insane. In preparing for these classes we must look to future needs. It should be removed from any large city, though accessible to transportation facilities. It should have room to grow and should be developed under its own corps of officers, like such villages as Craig Colony, New York, Epileptic Village of New Jersey and many others.

        The insane epileptic, the unfortunate for whom there is no hope of real improvement, would not properly come under this care; he can be cared for in a colony at the Hospital for the

Page 16

Insane. To so care for him will be a great relief to the institutions which have had to provide for some of this class to the detriment of other patients; so, also, many who are in the County Homes; but this is only custodial. It should be only for the classes who are not susceptible of much improvement, and the State village should give community life to epileptics, but so guarded as to protect them from injury--to alleviate, to teach, to cure, to make happier during their lives, and in so doing to protect the State.

CHILD-CARING INSTITUTIONS.

        There are twenty institutions caring for about 1,700 children. Most of these are in flourishing condition, and the children are properly fed, clothed and educated. The majority are under the control and subject to the inspection of their respective boards of trustees, and they in turn represent churches or fraternal orders, but several are under the sole management of an individual.

        Every institution caring for helpless humanity, whether from defect or from unbalanced mind or from tender years, should be under the supervision of capable boards of trustees or other organizations, and in addition the State should have the right of inspection and visitation. It is a mistake to permit the existence of an institution caring for helpless children to depend upon the life of one person. No such institution should be chartered or allowed to open its doors for the reception of irresponsible waifs, homeless children, except it has satisfied the Board of Public Charities that conditions are fit, and when it has received a certificate from this board granting permission to receive children. Such is the law in New York and elsewhere.

        We are of the opinion that the Legislature should not make appropriations to private institutions, except, perhaps, for some special reasons which might arise, and in no case unless the State has representation on the boards of management and unless the institution is subject to visitation and inspection of the State boards.

Page 17

        Dependent children from other States should not be brought into this State to perhaps become a charge upon North Carolina.

THE SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB.

        The compulsory attendance law has not been enforced, for the lack of room. Sufficient room for 100 additional deaf children is needed.

THE SCHOOL FOR THE BLIND AND DEAF.

        The special session of the Legislature of 1908 passed a compulsory attendance law for the blind, similar to the one enacted affecting the deaf. This has not been enforced. If it should be, there would be sufficient room, but $10,000 additional for maintenance would be necessary. The attention of the General Assembly is called to the overgrown condition of the plant. There is not room for the outdoor life which should be required of the blind children, who are more or less physically weakened by the disinclination to active exertion, superinduced by their affliction. Attention is called by the superintendent to the fact that few are congenitally blind, but have lost their sight from neglect and accident; therefore the weakened physical condition is one that can be much improved.

        The history of institutions that are established near the center of growing cities has been the same, namely, they outgrow the original plans and eventually must be removed to where they can have space for the development of newer ideals. This School was the first charitable institution that the State opened to her afflicted, about the year 1845. The time must soon come when we must follow the story of other States and remove this School to the more open suburb, but near enough to give the pupils the inestimable advantage of the religious and educational opportunities of the city to which they are now much indebted.

Page 18

COLORED DEPARTMENT OF THE BLIND AND DEAF.

        Sick wards for the isolation of contagious and infectious diseases are needed at this institution.

SOLDIERS' HOME.

        The veterans are comfortably cared for at the Home. The improvements authorized by the last General Assembly have added much to the comfort of the sick, who form about one-third of the men. The average age is near seventy-five. The line of gray is fast thinning. North Carolina should gladly, will gladly, give them the increased maintenance fund asked for, $17,000 per annum, and $2,000 per year for special improvements.

THE STONEWALL JACKSON TRAINING SCHOOL.

        This institution opens its doors on January 12th next for the reception of boys. Plans for the completed plant are already made, and the school will be developed on these lines symmetrically until it will become one of the best and most useful. The board of directors wisely sent the new superintendent to Glen Mills, Pennsylvania, where is located the model institution of its kind in America, to spend some weeks and thoroughly examine their work. The need now is maintenance sufficient to support the sixty boys who can be received (and many applications are on hand) and funds to quickly erect other cottages. The Board of Charities is constantly receiving applications from parents and friends asking for information as to some place where they may send boys. A number are boarded in other States by their relatives.

THE TUBERCULOSIS SANATORIUM.

        This newly opened institution deserves the support necessary to enlarge and equip it, so that the many patients who are seeking it may be received, and that it may serve not only to cure the sick, but as an educational factor in our warfare against the great white plague.

Page 19

OXFORD ORPHANAGE FOR WHITE CHILDREN.

        This institution is under the control of the Masons and is well managed and efficient. There are directors appointed on the board of trustees to represent the State. There was an epidemic of scarlet fever in a light form, but no deaths, the children making good recoveries. The present general condition of health is very good. Colonel Hicks says that "the normal Christian home ought to be the best place in the world for the rearing of children." He discourages the breaking-up of homes and the removal of children to institutions unless this course, "after thorough investigation and consideration, seems to be the very best possible solution of the case."

COLORED ORPHANAGE AT OXFORD.

        This institution has been placed under the management of Henry P. Cheatham during the last biennial period. He calls attention to the fact that it is dependent upon the State appropriation for its chief support. It now cares for 142 children. The industrial workshops opened there are worthy of note as the best means of training this class to self-support. The State is represented by three directors on the board of management.

STATE'S PRISON.

        The financial and physical condition of the Prison are excellent. The death rate during the year was low, being 2 1/3 per cent. upon the whole number in charge. Only two deaths from tuberculosis demonstrating the wisdom of outdoor life and the isolation of such prisoners as have contracted the disease.

        According to the present law, the terms of all the directors end simultaneously every four years. The entire Prison régime, from superintendent to guards, is subject to arbitrary change. We therefore recommend that the directors of the State's Prison be appointed in like manner and for similar terms as the directors of the charitable and educational institutions, namely, by appointment of the Governor, by and with the consent and advice of the Senate.

Page 20

        The Constitution, Art. XI, says that "No convict shall be farmed out who has been sentenced on a charge of murder, manslaughter, rape, attempt to arson."

        Again, in section 1357, chapter 24, Vol. I, of the Revisal of 1905 (chapter on county prisons and convicts on public roads), there is the following proviso: "That no person who has been convicted and sentenced on a charge of murder, manslaughter, rape, attempt to commit rape, or arson, shall be assigned to county roads under this chapter."

        As we found that these classes which seemingly are prohibited by the Constitution and the statute are so worked, we deemed it proper to call the attention of the authorities to the matter and to ask for an opinion from the Attorney-General. The directors cheerfully forwarded desired information and signified their intention to abide by the ruling. They reported that at the four railroad camps there were 298 convicts, of whom 192 had been sentenced on these charges.

        There were forty-two escapes during the year, many of which were from the camps and were life prisoners and long-term men. This class of convicts is a desperate one, ready to take desperate chances and tempted to do so by the apparent freedom. Being worked with short-term men, the latter must of necessity be subjected to greater restrictions. Their escape is a menace to the community. It is contrary to the spirit of the law and probably illegal. As this question affects radically present conditions, and as there are other changes desired in regard to prisoners, the authorities did not deem it expedient to precipitate these changes, and so no opinion was rendered by the Attorney-General.

        We feel that it is our duty to bring the subject to the attention of the General Assembly, in order that the law may be understood and obeyed, or, if in the wisdom of the lawmakers the working of such prisoners should be continued, then there should be a constitutional amendment to that effect.

Page 21

COUNTY CONVICT CAMPS.

        There are forty-four camps in thirty-seven counties, the prison population being augmented by prisoners from neighboring counties. Thirty-one have reported, but only twenty-seven give the number confined, as follows:

        
White males 177
Colored males 796
Color not given 100
Colored females 3
Total 1,076

        Twelve of these were boys under sixteen. The three women are employed as cooks in the Guilford camps; Anson, Buncombe, Nash, Randolph, Sampson and Mecklenburg No. 2 not reporting. Bertie reports prisoners quartered at the County Home and working the farm there, not giving data.

        There are over twelve hundred prisoners in the camps, and attention has been called by some of the visitors to the apparent youth of these men. Nine deaths during the year. Comparatively little tuberculosis; one prisoner with the disease was pardoned, another occupies a separate tent at night, and one died. Four counties reported that blacks and whites occupied the same room or tent at night. These were advised of its illegality. Four others reported as follows: "Separate divisions" of the same room; "curtains between"; "same room, different ends"; "yes, with divisions." We do not think that this meets the requirement of the law, which is absolute separation of the races in their sleeping quarters.

        Six counties report no whipping, punishment for infraction of rules, confinement in steel cell and deprivation of tobacco or other privilege. The other camps punish by flogging with the leather strap. No religious services in eight; in others occasional. Guards receive from $20 to $40 per month; supervisors, from $30 to $100. There is no classification of prisoners. Felons, misdemeanors and men working out fines wear the stripes and receive like treatment.

Page 22

        We repeat the same recommendation made three years ago, that these county camps be placed under the supervision of the State Prison Board or some other State board. This will save expense to the taxpayer and, what is of higher importance, better the condition of the prisoners. Every prisoner should have moral and some educational advantages as reformative agencies, so that when returned to the community he may be a help and not a hindrance. Therefore we recommend that any policy which may be agreed upon shall include the appointment of prison chaplains and other means for reformation.

COUNTY PRISONS.

        Reports have been received from all jails except Halifax and Randolph and the new county of Lee, whose jail is in course of construction. A close scrutiny of the tabulated reports of the commissioners and the visitors' reports show these facts:

        1. Bathing facilities range from none at all to hot and cold shower baths. As a rule, new prisoners are admitted without bath or change of clothing, and thus introduce vermin. If a bath were compulsory upon admission and the jail could own a few suits of clothing to be worn while the old clothes were being washed, the difficult problem of keeping the buildings in condition would be nearer a solution.

        2. The old bucket system for the disposition of excreta is in use in sixteen counties. This should be replaced with sewerage and sanitary arrangements.

        3. The daily cleansing of the cells or rooms required by law should be strictly enforced.

        4. Two-thirds of the counties give three daily meals of wholesome prison fare and most of them furnish coffee once a day.

        5. Twenty-nine counties report no religious services; others are ministered to by the local preachers, the King's Daughters and the Woman's Christian Temperance Union. This is a great lack, but is explained in part by the fact that a number of our jails are unoccupied for months at a time.

Page 23

        Present at time of report:

        
White males 163
White females 11
Colored males 365
Colored females 53
Total 592

        Fourteen have died.

        Of the number confined, 19 white and 7 colored were insane, leaving 566 prisoners, most of whom were awaiting trial.

        Counties remodeling old buildings, constructing new ones or contemplating changes have been advised of the legal requirement of the absolute separation of the races, sexes, the tuberculous and the insane.

        New buildings have been completed in Buncombe, Craven, Caswell, Duplin, Rowan and Perquimans; Davidson's has been remodeled; Forsyth has added an extensive concrete annex, up to date in every particular; Yancey and Lee are constructing new buildings; Pasquotank will build or remodel, and Mecklenburg has a modern jail projected.

        New buildings are needed in Burke, Clay, Dare and Davie. New Hanover jail, although enlarged, does not meet the needs, and the officials, in order to prevent sickness from overcrowding, sent a number of persons awaiting trial to be confined at the county camp until the term of court. Beaufort jail, though reported in excellent condition, has been badly overcrowded. Person jail is too small. Lincoln, Rockingham, Transylvania and Tyrrell jails need improvement. Reports from individual counties are included herewith.

COUNTY HOMES FOR THE AGED AND INFIRM.

        The reports of the county commissioners and those of the visitors are included in the annual report. Duplin, Madison, Montgomery, Haywood and Onslow have erected new buildings, those of Onslow and Haywood occupying new farm sites. Tyrrell's has been repaired and improved.

Page 24

        The following Homes need improvement in buildings: Cabarrus, Clay, Dare, Davidson, Davie, Lincoln, Rockingham, Transylvania, Wilkes and Yancey. Some of these counties have expended money on other internal improvements, but will soon improve their Homes.

        Number of inmates at time of report (eight counties not reporting) and cost of caring for the poor were as follows: Cared for in the Homes, 1,336 persons, at a cost of $89,873.93; outdoor relief to 5,426, at a cost of $92,771.93; total, 6,762, at a cost of $182,645.69. This amount in the Homes is exclusive of farm products.

        These figures, compared with those of preceding years, show a much larger increase in the number given outdoor relief than the increase in the Homes. The sum expended for the outdoor relief exceeds the amount for the inmates of Homes. This tendency to outdoor relief should be checked. If the county commissioners would make it a rule to closely scrutinize the poor lists and adopt the policy of giving only temporary relief to persons in their own homes, thus tiding them over distressed circumstances and permitting them to regain the plane of self-support, and requiring all who must receive regular and continued help to go to the Homes, much money would be saved the counties and, what is of great importance, unnecessary dependence and pauperization would be guarded against.

        Number of children in the Homes, 37 white and 20 colored; total, 57. Continued efforts are made to secure homes for normal children elsewhere than in the county institution. Those in charge are, as a rule, either infants or abnormal, physically or mentally.

PRIVATE LICENSED HOSPITALS.

        These institutions are required by law to make semiannual reports to the Board of Charities. The licenses of Broadoaks Sanatorium, Dr. Carroll's and Telfair Institute have been renewed. During the year Dr. B. B. Williams has been

Page 25

licensed to open Williams' Sanatorium at Greensboro and Dr. J. J. McKanna, of Reidsville, has obtained license. The Perfected Liquor Cure Institution at Greensboro has been discontinued. Telfair Institute has been removed from Asheville to commodious new quarters in Greensboro. The institutions in Greensboro were inspected before license was granted.

        These private sanatoria, subject by law to the inspection and regulation of the Board of Public Charities, should be visited at least twice annually, and attention is called to the fact that no funds are appropriated for this purpose.

PRIVATE BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS.

        Questions and letters were mailed to seventy-five private orphanages, hospitals and other benevolent institutions. Many of them have reported, and show a great and growing work in the field of private charity. They embrace orphanages, hospitals for the sick and injured, homes for the aged, rescue homes, associated charities and other organizations for the alleviation of suffering and the uplift of humanity. Reports are included in the general report.

INSPECTIONS AND MEETINGS.

        The Board is in the unfortunate position of having no direct appropriation, and therefore cannot inspect the institutions except at the time of meetings or as opportunity arises to the individual members. Regular semiannual inspections should be made in a systematic way, and can be done with a slight increase of funds and some liberty in expenditure. Three meetings have been held--one at Winston-Salem and two at Raleigh. Inspections have been made of the Hospital at Raleigh, the Dangerous Insane Department, the Penitentiary, the Soldiers' Home, the School for the Blind, the Department for the Colored Blind and Deaf, the Hospital at Goldsboro, the Williams Sanatorium and Telfair Institute at Greensboro, the County Home of Forsyth

Page 26

and the jail of Wayne. In addition have been visited the Odd Fellows' Orphanage and Odd Fellows' Home for the Aged and the City Hospital at Goldsboro and the Rescue Home at Greensboro.

NEW MEMBERS.

        The Board has lost by death two members--Commissioner W. F. Craig, of Marion, and Commissioner E. L. Haughton, of Pollocksville. Governor Glenn appointed Mr. Joseph G. Brown, of Raleigh, and Mr. Henry C. Dockery, of Rockingham, to fill out the unexpired terms.

GENERAL WORK OF THE OFFICE.

        In addition to the collecting of data by sending out blanks and inquiries at stated intervals, the heavy correspondence with the county boards of visitors (voluntary workers), the various reports made to Chairman and Board, and the individual cases of insane, orphans or wayward boys whose friends constantly consult the Secretary of the Board, there is all the other clerical work of the office and a constant call from all parts of the United States for information respecting our laws regarding institutions and sociological questions. This exchange of information from other States is a source of much help in arriving at proper and modern standards of care. Such inquiries are promptly answered. Fuller reports of the work can be found in the quarterly reports made to the Board.

        The Library has acquired by gift a number of valuable books during the past year.

        Special attention has been given to the subject of tuberculosis in county institutions. The blanks sent out to the commissioners and other officials included the law for the separation of the prisoners from other inmates, and the rules for their care, compiled by Dr. Lewis, of the Board of Health.

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF CHARITIES AND CORRECTIONS.

        This noted body met at Richmond, Va., May 6th to 13th. The Secretary attended as a delegate, duly appointed by Governor

Page 27

R. B. Glenn. Section meetings were held in the mornings, great public sessions in the evenings and institutions were visited in the afternoon. The Penitentiary, the Industrial School for Boys at Laurel and the Hospital for the Colored Insane at Petersburg were visited. The Secretary was honored by being invited, with several other members of the conference, to receive with Governor and Mrs. Swanson at the mansion at a reception tendered the conference. Leave of absence was granted by the Board, the Secretary defraying her own expenses.

BOARDS OF VISITORS.

        Many new members have been added to our list of visitors, and others who will be sadly missed have been called to their reward. The earnest co-operation of these boards in the counties, working without compensation, has resulted in vastly improved conditions and a higher standard of care. We desire to publicly thank them for this efficient service.

        Acknowledgments are due Dr. R. H. Lewis for interest and assistance, to the Governor and the State officials for aid and sympathy. The State owes the Chairman, Commissioner W. A. Blair, a debt of gratitude for his whole-souled interest and prompt attention to the details of the work, and to all the members for their interest in the work, which they receive no monetary consideration. With my personal thanks to the Board,

Respectfully,

DAISY DENSON,
Secretary.

Page 28

STATE INSTITUTIONS.

STATE HOSPITAL AT MORGANTON.

JOHN MCCAMPBELL, M. D., Superintendent.

        

POPULATION.

  Men. Women. Total.
Number of inmates at the beginning of the fiscal year 445 655 1,120
Number received during the year 84 131 215
Number discharged or died during the year 81 112 193
Number at the end of the fiscal year 458 684 1,142
Daily average attendance during the year, 416 613 1,029
Average number of officers and employees, about     190

        

EXPENDITURES.

Current expenses:  
1. Salaries and wages $ 46,267.99
2. Clothing 16,905.35
3. Subsistence 51,573.43
4. Ordinary repairs 3,939.05
5. Office, domestic and outdoor expenses 46,323.37
Total $165,009.19

        Ten thousand dollars of the above amount was paid on last year's debt. The appropriation for maintenance was $145,000 per annum. Disbursements were $165,000, of which $10,000 was last year's deficiency, making $155,000 for the current year. Outstanding indebtedness, $20,000. Net value of the farm and dairy products was $24,623.03. Per capita cost of maintenance, $152.55. Appropriation needed for support during the next biennial period, $175,000 annually. Special appropriations for the following purposes will be asked for: For bakeshop, $2,500; for spur track to railroad, $10,000; for colony buildings, $30,000.

        During the biennial period of 1907-1908 the Hospital Commission expended for this institution: For 115 acres of land, $4,500; eight cottages for attendants, $4,800; addition to laundry and repairs, building nurses' home, about $23,000.

        Thirteen hundred and thirty-five patients were treated--an increase of 144 over the whole number of last year.

        Fire protection fairly good, but not as good as it should be.

Page 29

        The general health of the patients has been very good. No epidemic or serious accident. About twenty have escaped, and half of these have been recaptured. Number of deaths, 42. Percentage of mortality upon whole number treated, 3.1. Discharged as improved, 62; as cured, 81. Percentage of cures upon admissions, 37.67. Refused for lack of room, 147. Chronic cases, from 90 to 95 per cent. of the hospital population. Epileptics, 26. As a rule, epileptics are not received. Number of patients from the eastern district, 30. Employed, 525, in the wards, on the farm and grounds, in laundry and sewing room. There are about 500 volumes in the institution library. Dancing, games, walking and riding and baseball for the men during the season are the recreations. Regular religious services. No special facilities for hydrotherapy. Fifteen tuberculosis patients cared for, apart from others. Number of attendants, 37 men, 52 women. The hospital cemetery receives special care. Nine hundred acres. The hospital, equipment, land, etc., is valued at $1,000,000.

JOHN MCCAMPBELL, M. D.,
Superintendent.

STATE HOSPITAL AT RALEIGH.

(Inspected April 8th by Commissioners E. L. Haughton, A. C. McAlister and the Secretary, and found in excellent condition.)

JAMES MCKEE, M. D., Superintendent.

        

POPULATION.

  Men. Women. Total.
Number of inmates at the beginning of the fiscal year 244 330 574
Number received during the year 72 65 137
Number discharged or died during the year 93 116 209
Number at the end of the fiscal year 216 286 502
Daily average attendance during the year, 260 319 579
Average number of officers and employees during the year      

        

EXPENDITURES.

Current expenses:  
1. Salaries and wages $30,164.12
2. Clothing 6,629.11
3. Subsistence 42,730.46
4. Ordinary repairs 4,322.97
5. Office, domestic and outdoor expenses 15,322.97
Total $99,211.50
Page 30

Extraordinary expenses:  
1. New buildings, land, etc. $71,000.00
2. Permanent improvements to existing buildings, 10,688.09
Total $81,688.09

        The annual appropriation was $95,800. Whole number treated during the year, 711--an increase of 61 over the previous year. Receipts were $109,764.21; disbursements, $109,899.59. Outstanding indebtedness, $89.52. Per capita cost of maintenance, $167.25. Estimated net value of the farm and dairy products, $23,217.86. For maintaining the present number in charge $118,250 annually will be needed, but if the epileptic colony is ready for occupancy this amount will not be sufficient.

        The Hospital Commission has purchased 1,140 2/3 acres adjoining the present grounds, at a cost of $53,500. For carpenter shop, $3,800, and $4,200 for storeroom. It has constructed an annex to the building for males and equipped the same for 100 patients. A colony for 85 females is under process of construction, and it has contracted for buildings for colonies to be erected upon the land recently bought. These colonies for epileptics will be under the charge of the present hospital. There are now 16 epileptics cared for, who will be transferred to these buildings. Epileptics will be received as soon as these structures are completed.

        The general health has been good. No epidemic or serious accident. Some escapes; the majority have been returned to the hospital. We have allowed some to remain at home, as their people asked it.

        Number of deaths, 41. Percentage of mortality upon the whole number treated, 5. Percentage of cures upon admissions, 49 per cent. Discharged as improved, 4. Number of patients refused admission--epileptics, 15; idiots, 3; senility, 7; paralysis, 3; inebriety, 3; no room, 47; total, 78.

        Of the number in charge, 80 per cent. are chronic cases; 3 tuberculosis patients. Provision has not yet been made for the separation of this class. Attendants--male, 19; female, 26. There is a training school in connection with the work. Dancing and song service for recreation. We have no library. Special apparatus for hydrotherapy has not been introduced. Twelve patients from the western district; 16 pay patients; 320 are occupied in garden, laundry, sewing, knitting, fancy work, sweeping and cleaning the wards.

        Acreage, 1,300¾. Estimated value of land, hospital equipment, etc., $418,200.

JAMES MCKEE, M. D.,
Superintendent.

Page 31

STATE HOSPITAL AT GOLDSBORO.

(Inspected October 17th by the Secretary and found in excellent condition.)

W. W. FAISON, M. D., Superintendent.

        

POPULATION.

  Men. Women. Total.
Number of inmates at the beginning of the fiscal year 252 377 629
Number received during the year 85 143 228
Number discharged or died during the year 87 116 203
Number at the end of the fiscal year 250 404 654
Daily average attendance during the year,     622
Average number of officers and employees during the year     93

        

EXPENDITURES.

Current expenses:    
1. Salaries and wages $21,571.34  
2. Clothing 4,908.02  
3. Subsistence 19,908.59  
4. Ordinary repairs 553.95  
5. Office, domestic and outdoor expenses, 28,676.51  
Total   $75,692.41
Extraordinary expenses:    
1. New buildings, land, etc. $1,000.00  
2. Permanent improvements to existing buildings 7,646.40  
Total   8,646.40
Grand Total   $84,338.81

        The annual appropriation for support was $65,000. Patients treated during the year, 857--an increase of 58 over the previous year. Receipts have been $83,205.75; disbursements, $82,828.28. The estimated net value of farm and dairy products was $8,540.90. Per capita cost of maintenance, $122.145. Outstanding indebtedness is $11,000, which was borrowed to meet the deficiency in the maintenance fund. The appropriation which will be needed for the support of the institution during the next biennial period will be, for the year 1909, $83,750, and for 1910, $90,000.

        During the two years 1907-1908 the Hospital Commission has expended $24,991.38 for the purchase of land, farm equipment, employees'

Page 32

houses, boiler, electric generator and other much-needed improvements. The Commission has let the contract for the construction of four detached buildings, which will accommodate twenty patients each; two of the buildings to be used for epileptics and two for tubercular patients. It is hoped that these will be completed in six months. The four will cost about $24,000, not including heating and furnishing.

        Fairly good protection against fire, but specially constructed fire escapes are needed.

        The general health has been fair, with no serious accident or epidemic. One escape, not recaptured. Number of deaths, 85. Percentage of mortality upon whole number treated, 9.91. Discharged as improved, 30; as cured, 83. Percentage of cures upon admissions, 36.40. Nine patients have been refused for want of room; one pay patient; 86.85 per cent. are chronic cases. Epileptics, 44. This class is being received at the hospital. All of these epileptics are more or less demented. Thirty-eight tubercular patients. This class is separated from other patients. Three hundred and fourteen are employed on the farm, ward work, sewing room, etc. Dances, concerts and occasional outdoor sports for recreation. Perhaps 10 per cent. can read. Baths are used in treatment of patients. Special care of the hospital cemetery. There are 21 male and 31 female attendants. No training school.

        Acreage, 690; 360 in cultivation and 330 in pasture and wood. The hospital buildings are valued at $277,500; equipment, $250,000, and land, $27,500.

W. W. FAISON, M. D.,
Superintendeni.

HOSPITAL FOR THE DANGEROUS INSANE.

(Inspected April 8th by Commissioners E. L. Haughton and A. C. McAlister and the Secretary, and found in satisfactory condition.)

JAMES R. ROGERS, Medical Superintendent. RALEIGH.

        No alterations or improvements in this department during the year.

        The following is the table of the movement of population for the year 1908:

        
  Men. Women. Total.
Number of inmates present November 30, 1907 42 14 56
Number received during the year ending November 30, 1908 18 1 19
Whole number treated during the year 60 15 75
Number discharged or died during the year 11 1 12
Discharged as cured     8

Page 33

Died     4
Daily average attendance during the year, 48 14 62
Remaining November 30, 1908 47 14 61
Daily average number of officers and employees 6 1 7

        

EXPENDITURES.

1. Salaries and wages $1,922.13
2. Clothing 597.96
3. Subsistence 2,575.22
4. Office, domestic and outdoor expenses 673.05
Total $5,768.36

        Percentage of cures upon admission, 28. They are turned over to the courts when discharged as cured. General health has been good. Escaped, 3; not recaptured. No serious accident or epidemic. Patients have little or no employment. No land. No amusement. None have been refused for want of room, but eleven have been received beyond the capacity of the wards, and they occupy prison cells at night, which is to be deplored. Receipts and disbursements were $5,768.36, paid out of the fund of the State's Prison. No outstanding indebtedness. Percapita cost of maintenance was $93.04. For support during the next biennial period $7,500 annually will be needed. Protection against fire is fairly good. The land and building are the property of the State's Prison.

        The needs of the institution are the same as recommended in former reports.

JAMES R. ROGERS, M. D.,
Medical Director.

(Former reports of the Superintendent of the State's Prison and of the physician in charge deplore that this department should remain a part of the prison. For several years past the annual increase has been about seven, and the capacity of the institution (forty-nine) has long been overtaxed, the additional patients sleeping in prison cells, the number now cared for being eleven. This placing of patients in cells is heartily disapproved by them.)

NORTH CAROLINA SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB.

PROF. E. McK. GOODWIN, Principal.

        

POPULATION.

  Boys. Girls. Total.
Number of children on the roll at end of fiscal year 123 112 235
Number received during the year 26 23 49
Whole number during the year 124 113 280
Page 34

Discharged 5 2 7
Died     1
Daily average attendance     240
Number at the end of the fiscal year, November 30, 1908     249
Daily average number of officers and employees     60

        

EXPENDITURES.

Current expenses:  
1. Salaries and wages $28,349.84
2. Clothing 1,800.00
3. Subsistence (commissary and fuel) 15,176.53
4. Ordinary repairs--no separate account kept.  
5. Office, domestic and outdoor expenses--no separate account.  
Extraordinary expenses:  
1. New buildings, land, etc  
2. Permanent improvements to existing buildings $4,250.00

        Receipts for the year were: Appropriation for maintenance, $46,000; special, $4,250. Disbursements, $52,540.27. Outstanding indebtedness, $2,292.10. Per capita cost, $185. Earnings were $3,947.83.

        The institution can accommodate 270. The compulsory attendance law has not been enforced, as there is not sufficient room. If it were enforced, more room would be needed for 150 to 200 children. None have been refused. The amount needed for maintenance during the next biennial period will be $55,000 annually. The health of the children has been very good. No serious accident or epidemic. The electric plant, concrete floors and road improvements authorized by the last General Assembly have been completed. We need a new building to accommodate at least 100 children. No changes have occurred in the industrial or literary courses or in the domestic arrangements. We find that practically every scholar becomes self-supporting.

        Of the new pupils admitted, congenitally deaf, 24; others became deaf as follows: unknown, 12; measles and mumps, 1; scarlet fever, 2; rising in the head, 1; meningitis, 1; chicken pox, 1; congestion of the brain, 1; fever, 1; catarrh, 2; rising in the neck, 1; brain fever, 1; cold in the ears, 1. Onset of disease at the age of one year, 2; one and a half, 1; two at 3; one at 3; one at 5; one at 11, and one unknown.

E. MCK. GOODWIN,
Principal.

Page 35

NORTH CAROLINA SCHOOL FOR THE BLIND AND THE DEAF.

(Inspected by Commissioner Joseph G. Brown and the Secretary, and found satisfactory.)

JOHN E. RAY, A. M., Principal.

Department for White Blind.

        

POPULATION.

  Boys. Girls. Total.
Number on the roll at the beginning of the fiscal year 86 74 160
Number received during the year 21 13 34
Number discharged during the year 9 11 20
Number died 1 1 2
Number at the end of the fiscal year, November 30, 1908 92 73 165
Daily average attendance 80 70 150
Whole number during the year 96 86 182

        The department can accommodate 245 children. None have been refused for want of room. The special session of the Legislature of 1908 passed a compulsory attendance law for the blind children, but this has not yet been enforced. There will be sufficient room when the law is enforced, but the maintenance fund would have to be increased $10,000 annually. The appropriation for maintenance was $60,000 for the two departments, the white blind and the colored blind and deaf. Disbursements were about $62,500. Outstanding indebtedness, approximately $2,500. The amount needed for support for the next biennial period will be $65,000 annually. Per capita cost, a little over $200.

        During the present year the plastering has been renewed. the pipe organ installed, and the fireproof library building is now in process of construction.

        There has been no serious accident or epidemic. Condition of general health very good. No changes have been made in the industrial or literary courses. Scholars, after graduation, become largely self-supporting. About 85 per cent. care for themselves.

        

EXPENDITURES (FOR BOTH DEPARTMENTS).

Current expenses:  
1. Salaries and wages $33,070.05
2. Clothing 4,833.57
3. Subsistence 15,505.18
4. Ordinary repairs 4,923.91
5. Office, domestic and outdoor expenses 16,007.20
Total $74,339.91
Page 36

Extraordinary expenses:  
1. New buildings, land, etc $10,000.00
2. Permanent improvements to existing buildings, Officers and teachers, 58; servants, 37. 2,500.00

Colored Department.

(Inspected in April by Commissioners E. L. Haughton and A. C. McAlister and the Secretary, and found satisfactory.)

        

THE BLIND.

  Boys. Girls. Total.
Number of children on the roll at end of fiscal year 29 42 71
Number received during the year 12 7 19
Whole number during the year 41 49 90
Discharged 1 7 8
Died      
Daily average attendance 35 40 75
Number at the end of the fiscal year, November 30, 1908 40 42 82

        

THE DEAF.

Number of children on the roll at end of the fiscal year 52 39 91
Received during the fiscal year 5 10 15
Whole number during the year 57 49 106
Discharged 7   7
Died      
Daily average attendance 45 42 87
Number on the roll November 30, 1908 50 49 99

        The colored department can accommodate 220. None have been refused for want of room. No epidemic or serious accident. The general health has been very good. No changes in the literary or industrial courses. Laundry machinery and a story have been added to the girls' building during the year. Per capita cost of this department was $175.

        We get nearly all of our vegetables in season, and much of our milk and some beef and pork from the farm and dairy. Net income from the farm and dairy for the past two years was estimated at more than $1,500.

        No means in this department for the isolation of contagious and infectious diseases. Sick wards seriously needed, and repairs to the buildings.

JOHN E. RAY,
Superintendent.

Page 37

OXFORD ORPHANAGE.

W. J. HICKS, Superintendent.

        

POPULATION.

  Boys. Girls. Total.
Number of children at the beginning of the fiscal year 153 163 316
Number received during the year 32 20 52
Number readmitted   1 1
Discharged 22 22 44
Number on the roll at the end of the fiscal year 163 162 325
Monthly average attendance during the year     314
Average number of officers and employees,     35

        

EXPENDITURES.

Current expenses:  
1. Salaries and wages $11,320.80
2. Clothing 764.37
3. Subsistence 8,829.84
4. Ordinary repairs and minor improvements 390.71
5. Office, domestic and outdoor expenses 5,241.14
Singing class (tours) 1,003.22
Total $27,550.08
Extraordinary expenses:  
Permanent improvements $15,898.43

        

RECEIPTS.

Current or ordinary receipts:  
1. Appropriations and contributions $17,686.20
2. Singing class 7,939.72
3. Shoe shop, sundry sales, etc 1,620.22
Total $27,246.14
Extraordinary receipts:  
Woodworking shop $ 7,766.31
Printing office 5,010.80
Legacies 200.00
Interest and dividends 574.80
Transferred from Colonel Hicks, Superintendent's account 250.00
Page 38

Refund physician's salary $ 62.50
Refund J. W. Rodwell, manager 9.00
Total $13,873.41
Total receipts $41,119.55
Expenditures 43,448.51

        We were able to meet expenses from the funds received, and to make some permanent improvements. It was necessary to suspend work on the new office building, owing to insufficient funds. This new building is far enough under way to be already roofed. A shed was constructed to be used on St. John's Day, the anniversary which we celebrate. This will prove a comfort and convenience to our visitors and will prevent the annual construction of temporary booths.

        The whole number of children cared for during the year was 369; went to their own people, 24; to other approved homes, 13; ran away, 1; died, none. Probably fifteen of this number are self-supporting. Children received not younger than six, seldom over twelve; girls discharged at eighteen and sixteen for boys. Present capacity, 325.

        In October there was an epidemic of scarlet fever in a light form. About ten per cent. of the children had the disease, but very few of them were in bed. The health of the children is now splendid. No deaths during the year.

        Sewerage. Good water from bored well 320 feet deep. As protection against fire, water is pumped to two tanks; in addition there is connection with the Oxford water supply and two fire hydrants in the grounds; these supplied with hose. Easy exits from the buildings. We have the cottage system, somewhat modified. Central sewing room, dining rooms and laundry. In the cottage homes, the school and the various industrial departments much effort is directed toward developing individuality in the children. We believe that we meet with fair success in this important effort. Industrial training in sewing, laundry, printing office, shoe shop, woodwork, dairy and on the farm, also literary course.

        There are now twelve of our children in the colleges and high schools of the State. We place some children in private homes, but endeavor to exercise the greatest care in this responsible, delicate duty. Ten girls and three boys were placed in foster homes last year. We are constantly trying to improve our system of supervision of children placed in homes. We have had a field worker a part of the year, who has aided in this necessary work. We have the co-operation of the Masons in the different localities in looking after the children in private homes under the jurisdiction of their several lodges. We hope to do more efficient and thorough work along this line in the future.

        The true normal Christian home ought to be the best place in the world for rearing children. We hope those interested in the betterment

Page 39

of humanity and the extension of the kingdom of God will enter earnestly into the effort to keep fatherless children with good mothers when this is found to be possible. We discourage the breaking-up of homes and the removal of children to institutions, unless this course, after thorough investigation and consideration, seems to be the best way to deal with the situation.

        The support and the extension of the Oxford Orphan Asylum will necessitate increased voluntary offerings of our people to supplement the regular appropriations. We desire that the good people of North Carolina should have knowledge of this work, and that they estimate it at its real worth. We would not have it overestimated nor underestimated.

W. J. HICKS,
Superintendent.

OXFORD ORPHANAGE FOR THE COLORED.

HENRY P. CHEATHAM, Superintendent.

        

POPULATION.

  Boys. Girls. Total.
Number of children at the beginning of the fiscal year 40 65 105
Number admitted during the year 16 27 43
Number discharged or died during the year 3 3 6
Number at the end of the fiscal year 53 89 142
Daily average attendance during the year, 50 85 135
Average number of officers and employees,     13

        

EXPENDITURES.

Current expenses:  
1. Salaries and wages $2,643.00
2. Clothing 1,000.00
3. Subsistence 3,200.00
4. Ordinary repairs 160.00
5. Office, outdoor and domestic expenses 500.00
Total $7,503.00
Extraordinary expenses:  
1. New buildings, land, etc $2,097.75
2. Permanent improvements to existing buildings 200.00
Total $2,297.75

        Capacity of the institution, 150. Both sexes received. Admitted at three years; discharged at seventeen for boys and eighteen for girls. No epidemic or serious accident. Present health of the children is very good. No sewerage; excreta removed daily. No protection

Page 40

against fire. We have one building for boys, one for girls and one for infants. Industrial and literary courses taught. Six in high schools. We do not place in private homes.

        We are fairly well supported. Cost of caring for a child and educating, $70 per annum. Receipts have been $8,791.82, and disbursements were $9,800.75. Outstanding debt on account of new buildings, $1,008.93.

        We have erected and completed the following new buildings: A shoe and harness shop, with new tools, in which a class of eight boys are learning trades; a blacksmith and wood shop, in which a class of ten boys are at work for the public as well as for the home (in these shops first-class workmen are employed as instructors); a three-story granary for farm products; a schoolroom connected with the infant department.

        We shall continue to strive until the institution has reached that position in which it can perform the great mission for which it was founded. Without the most gracious appropriation from our State the home could not possibly exist another year.

HENRY P. CHEATHAM,
Superintendent.

SOLDIERS' HOME.

CAPT. R. H. BROOKS, Superintendent.

        The annual appropriation for support during the last biennial period was $15,000. The special appropriation of $5,000 supplied water for fire protection and added a new dining room and kitchen, with rooms for nurses, to the hospital, with heating apparatus, and roofs upon the cottages. No outstanding indebtedness. While no one has been refused for lack of room, many have had to remain upon the waiting list until rooms could be prepared for them. We will need $17,000 per annum for support and $2,000 annually for improvements.

        The following is the table of the movement of population for 1908:

        
Number on the roll November 30, 1908 128
Admitted during the year 37
Died 29
Discharged 12
Remaining November 30, 1908 134
Whole number cared for during the year 192

        The percentage of mortality is nearly 20 per cent. Average number of patients in the hospital during the year, 32.

        The Home has no regular trained nurse, but there are two white nurses, who are very capable, and the old soldiers get very good attention. There is a special dining room and special diet for the sick. The general health of the veterans has been good. Average age, seventy-five. No special means provided for entertainment and recreation, except innocent games, magazines and papers. Col. Fred. Olds

Page 41

frequently takes the Band of Sunshiners out to sing and recite for them. Religious services by the various denominations.

        The Daughters of the Confederacy have contributed during the year to the payment of a nurse for the hospital, gifts of furniture have been made by that organization, and some memorial beds given by patriotic citizens. The only urgent need of the institution is for an increase in maintenance fund.

B. F. DIXON,
Secretary of Executive Board.

THE NORTH CAROLINA TUBERCULOSIS SANATORIUM.

DR. J. E. BROOKS, Superintendent.

        The Sanatorium is located on the Aberdeen and Rockfish Railroad, eight miles from Aberdeen. Nine hundred and fifty-one acres, a portion of which is very fertile and will be converted into dairy and poultry farms, milk and eggs being the chief diet of consumptives. Plenty of fresh spring water and sixty horse power in the creek. There are four buildings--one seven-room farm house, one dining room, kitchen and laundry building, one two-story cottage, with capacity for care of thirty-four patients; barns and feed houses. Ten patients have been admitted to the institution; five now in charge. Available beds, 34. One trained nurse and one attendant. Patients who pay are charged $7 per week. Buildings insured. No special fire protection. Expenditures have been a little less than $16,000.

        Remarks.--We now have patients calling and writing from all parts of the State.

JAMES E. BROOKS, M. D.,
Superientendent.

STONEWALL JACKSON MANUAL TRAINING AND INDUSTRIAL
SCHOOL.

MR. WALTER THOMPSON, Principal.

        (In October, 1907, the organization of the Board of Trustees of the Stonewall Jackson Manual Training and Industrial School was effected, with Mr. J. P. Cook, of Concord, as chairman. At a subsequent meeting Mr. Walter Thompson was elected superintendent.)

        This institution has been located three miles from Concord. There are 290 acres. During the past year a deep well has been dug. Two cottage buildings are nearing completion; cost, about $13,000. Sewerage and fire protection in course of construction. Insured. There have been many gifts--none very large; from the King's Daughters, $750. Concord gave the site and $1,000. Receipts during the two years, about $15,500; disbursements, $20,000. A number of applications on file for admission, but the institution has not yet been opened for children. The King's Daughters have pledged $5,000 for the erection of a cottage.

WALTER THOMPSON,
Superintendent.

Page 42

STATE'S PRISON.

J. S. MANN, Superintendent.

        

POPULATION.

  Men. Women. Total.
Number of inmates at the beginning of the fiscal year 637 41 678
Number received during the year 133 20 153
Number discharged or died during the year     102
Number at the end of the fiscal year 640 41 681
Average number of officers and employees,     152

        

EXPENDITURES.

Current expenses:  
1. Salaries and wages $ 56,470.34
2. Clothing 4,794.96
3. Subsistence 31,982.28
4. Ordinary repairs 1,308.86
5. Office, domestic and outdoor expenses 50,231.41
Total $144,787.85
Extraordinary expenses:  
1. New buildings, land, etc  
2. Permanent improvements to existing buildings $ 1,885.86

        Receipts for the year, November 30, 1907, to November 30, 1908, were $195,519.21; disbursements, $146,673.71. The amount of money now to the credit of the prison is $84,619.34. The amount of earnings from the camps was $117,236.18. Of this sum, $58,236.18 was cash and $59,000 in railroad bonds.

        No improvements or additions to the buildings. They have been kept in good repair.

        All new prisoners are examined physically. No epidemic, and the general health has been good. Died, 16. Percentage of mortality upon whole number in charge, 2 1/3 per cent. Two deaths from tuberculosis; thirteen cases in charge; they are cared for in special infirmary, separated from other prisoners. Two prisoners received gunshot wounds. Corporal punishment has been administered 293 times. Escaped, 42; recaptured, 19, at an average expense of $33.81. No classification or grading of prisoners. As reward for good conduct the prisoner is given five days per month off his sentence and 50 cents per month in cash, paid upon completion of his term. Other forms of punishment besides flogging, dark cell, deprivation of time allowance and loss of commutation money. Religious services at the prison and farm. Sunday school at the prison. No regular chaplain. No

Page 43

provision for regular services at the camps, though local ministers are invited to hold service. No library nor library fund.

        Prisoners at the camps are confined within the stockade limits on Sunday; chained at night. Blacks and whites confined in the same sleeping apartments at the camps; separated at the farms. They have a variety of good, wholesome food and coffee regularly. The length of time a convict is worked on the railroad building depends upon his general physical condition. If his health breaks down from any cause, or if he becomes enfeebled, he is withdrawn. The physical condition does not necessarily deteriorate after working on the roads several years, if he is given proper attention, fed properly, worked properly, etc., as we endeavor to have done. Boys are not separated from the men. In charge, 7 under sixteen, 85 under twenty-one. Number of prisoners received during the year, November 30, 1907, to November 30, 1908, was 153. Number remaining November 30, 1907--white men, 176; white women, 7; colored men, 461; colored women, 34; total, 678.

        Prisoners in charge November 30, 1908: White males--Central Prison, 25; Farm No. 1, 75; Farm No. 2, 50; Hoskins' Camp, 11; Chaffin's, 13; Busbee's, 8; Cox's, 0. Colored males--Central Prison, 42; Farm No. 1, 84; Farm No. 2, 75; Hoskins' Camp, 64; Chaffin's, 56; Busbee's, 68; Cox's, 69. White females--Central Prison, 8. Colored females--Central Prison, 5; Farm No. 2, 28. Totals--Central Prison, 80; Farm No. 1, 159; Farm No. 2, 153; Hoskins' Camp, 75; Chaffin's, 69; Busbee's, 76; Cox's, 69--681.

        Education of prison population: Good English, 4; collegiate, 1; common school, 1; read and write, 328; read, 35; none, 312; total, 681.

        Age of prisoners in charge: Twelve to fifteen, 6; sixteen to twenty, 101; twenty-one to twenty-nine, 285; thirty to thirty-nine, 172; forty to forty-nine, 67; fifty to fifty-nine, 34; sixty to sixty-nine, 14; seventy and seventy-three, 2.

J. S. MANN,
Superintendent.

BROADOAKS SANATORIUM.

(Licensed by the Board of Public Charities.)

DR. ISAAC M. TAYLOR, Proprietor. MORGANTON.

        The following table gives the movement of population for the six months ending July 1, 1908:

        
  Men. Women. Total.
Number of patients remaining January 1, 1908 13 16 29
Admitted during the six months 17 16 33
Whole number treated 30 32 62
Discharged recovered 4 3 7
Discharged improved 10 6 16
Discharged unimproved     12

Page 44

  Men. Women. Total.
Died   2 2
Whole number removed     37
Daily average     26
Patients remaining July 1, 1908 9 16 25
Average number of officers and employees,     16

        Of the number treated during six months, insane, 45; drug habitues and inebriates, 14; other conditions, 3.

        Residences by States--North Carolina, 35; South Carolina, 12; Georgia, 2; Tennessee, 3; Virginia, 4; and one each from Illinois, Florida, West Virginia, New York, Missouri and the District of Columbia. Accommodations for fifty patients.

        Present officers are: Isaac M. Taylor, resident physician in charge; Dr. Louis G. Beall, resident assistant physician; Mrs. Sallie Taylor, matron.

        The matron is directly in charge of the nursing force. She has had about four years' experience in nursing for us. The senior male attendant was for two years at the State Hospital at Morganton. There are three female day nurses and one female night nurse, three male day nurses and one male night nurse. The housekeeper and dining-room attendant are during the day indirectly in charge of some of the patients.

        No epidemic or serious accident.

        City waterworks; connected with city sewerage. There is a hydrant in the yard for protection against fire; nine extinguishers conveniently placed. The kitchen is protected by two fusible extinguishers. There are two 100-foot lines of hose connected, with wrenches and spanners on a hose cart. The night watch is on duty in both wards. The new steam house will take all fires 85 feet away from the building.

        All charges are based on a minimum rate of $15 per week.

        Most cases coming to our care may be placed in one of the following classes: (a) Mild mental diseases, nervous diseases not confining patients to bed or room, convalescent cases, senile cases. (b) Mental cases, somewhat disturbed, needing constant attention of nurse, acute melancholia, neurasthenia, the feeble, those confined to bed. (c) The most troublesome and disturbed mental cases, drug habits, inebriety.

        Charges--for Class A, $15 to $20 per week; for Class B, $20 to $25 per week; for Class C, $25 per week, upward. Extra charges for surgical operations, severe and prolonged illness, extra nursing and consultations.

        We have completed the new wing and are just finishing a steam house and cold-storage plant; have renovated the hot water, heating and plumbing, and are about to complete the therapeutic baths. Our place is advancing in development and usefulness each year.

ISAAC M. TAYLOR, M. D.,
Superintendent and Resident Physician.

Page 45

Report December 31, 1908.

        Dr. Isaac M. Taylor, president, and associated with him as partner and resident physician is Dr. Louis G. Beall. Mrs. Sallie C. Taylor, matron.

        The following is a table of the movement of population for six months ending December 31, 1908:

        
  Men. Women. Total.
Number of patients remaining July 1, 1908, 9 16 25
Admitted during six months 27 14 41
Discharged cured 4 5 9
Discharged improved 13 9 22
Discharged not improved 7 3 10
Died 2 1 3
Daily average number of patients     26
Daily number of officers and employees     19

        Of the 66 patients in charge during this period, 49 were insane, 9 were inebriates and drug habitues and the others suffering from nervous conditions.

        Residence States were as follows: North Carolina, 42, representing 26 counties; Virginia, 5; South Carolina, 11; and one each from West Virginia, Tennessee, Georgia, Illinois, Missouri, Massachusetts and District of Columbia.

        Present capacity, 50. Male and female departments are wholly separate. Four attendants of each sex; a night attendant of each sex.

        No serious illness, accident or epidemic.

        All charges are based on a minimum rate of $15 per week; for drug cases and inebriates, $25 per week.

        The alterations and additions reported in progress in July have been completed. The most important are the addition of bath apparatus for hydrotherapy and the removal of the heating boilers to a central point eighty feet from the building, minimizing the danger from fire; a cold-storage room, which will add to the comfort of the patients. The plumbing has been thoroughly overhauled.

ISAAC M. TAYLOR, M. D.,
Superintendent.

DR. CARROLL'S SANITARIUM.

(Licensed by the Board of Public Charities.)

DR. ROBERT S. CARROLL, Superintendent. ASHEVILLE.

        The following table gives the movement of population for the six months ending July 1, 1908:

        
  Men. Women. Total.
Number of patients, remaining January 1, 1908 7 6 13
Number present July 1, 1908 7 8 15

Page 46

  Men. Women. Total.
Number admitted 18 8 26
Discharged recovered 7 3 10
Discharged improved 8 1 9
Died      
Whole number removed     24
Daily average number of patients     13
Average number of officers and employees,     21

        Of this number of patients, insane, 10; drug habitues, 6; nervous, 10.

        Residence by States--North Carolina, 6; South Carolina, 3; Georgia, 4; New York; 3; Ohio, 3; Pennsylvania, 2; Kentucky, 2; and one each from Tennessee, Virginia and Wisconsin.

        On August 1st, Oak Lodge, a beautiful 25-room building on the Highland Home property, will be opened. This will increase the capacity from 18 to 30 patients and give an ideal home for patients of this class. It is a three-story frame-and-stone building; four bath rooms, six protected rooms, sixty feet protected porch and three other porches, with steam heat, hot and cold water in all rooms except protected rooms; a large club room, with pianola and billiard table. It nestles under the trees and is really inviting in its peaceful and quiet situation. This is the first of a series of four buildings which we hope to erect in the development of the ideal Highland Home Sanitarium. For several months we have been unable to accommodate the patients who have applied, and now have several on the waiting list. But we think that Oak Lodge will not only increase our efficiency and simplify our work, but will provide quarters for outside patients which are probably not surpassed in the South.

        Present officers are: Robert S. Carroll, M. D., president; William L. Dunn, M. D., vice-president; R. Pettus, G. N., superintendent of nurses. Miss Pettus, the chief nurse, is a graduate of the Government Hospital, Wasington, D. C. There are nine female and four male attendants.

        There has been no epidemic or serious accident. Good fire protection. Rate of charges, $25 to $75 per week.

        There is a training school for nurses and attendants in connection with the sanitarium. The degree of trained nurse is given after three years of study, training and practical experience, provided the work done has been satisfactory. There is a second course of two years open to male students, which offers the degree of trained attendant. A post-graduate course of one year is offered graduates of other training schools. This includes instruction in hydrotherapy, massage, hygiene, nursing of nervous and mental diseases, and hospital housekeeping.

ROBERT S. CARROLL, M. D.,
President.

Page 47

PERFECTED LIQUOR CURE INSTITUTION.

        This institution, which was under the charge of Dr. J. B. Gunter, at Greensboro, has been discontinued.

TELFAIR SANITARIUM.

(Licensed by the Board of Public Charities.)

W. C. ASHWORTH, M. D., President. ASHEVILLE.

        This institution, for the treatment of inebriates, was opened April 20, 1907. After August 1st the sanitarium at Asheville will be closed and the new and up-to-date building in Greensboro will be ready for patients.

        The following is the table of the movement of population for the six months ending July 1, 1908:

        
  Men. Women. Total.
Number of patients present January 1, 1908 3 3 6
Number admitted in the six months 20 6 26
Discharged recovered 6 3 9
Died (apoplexy) 1   1
Whole number removed     22
Remaining July 1, 1908 2 2 4
Daily average number of patients 4 2 6
Average number of officers and employees,     4

        Male and female departments wholly separated; one attendant of each sex.

        Officers are: W. C. Ashworth, M. D., president; J. M. Millikan, vice-president.

        No epidemic or serious accident.

        Residence States--North Carolina, Virginia, New Jersey, South Carolina, Colorado, Florida, Oklahoma, Tennessee.

        Fire escapes.

        Rates of charges, $25 to $50 per week.

        The new sanitarium in Greensboro will contain about thirty rooms. The departments for men and women are entirely separate. City sewerage. Adequate fire protection. It is well located, in Glenwood Park, private and free from noise and excitement incident to city life.

        W. C. ASHWORTH, M. D.,
President.

Page 48

TELFAIR SANITARIUM, GREENSBORO, N. C.
December 31, 1908.

(Inspected by the Secretary of the Board of Public Charities, August 8, 1908, and found satisfactory.)

        The Telfair Sanitarium was moved from Asheville on August 1st. Dr. W. C. Ashworth is president and J. M. Millikan is vice-president. Capacity of the hospital is 30. Male and female departments wholly separate. One attendant for each sex. There is no trained nurse. Charges, $15 to $50 per week. No epidemic or serious accident.

        
  Men. Women. Total.
Number of patients present July 1, 1908 22 8 30
Admitted during six months 20 6 26
Died      
Daily average number of patients     8
Daily average number of officers and employees     3

        Patients received from North Carolina, Virginia, New Jersey, Georgia, South Carolina and Tennessee. Those from this State were from Cabarrus, Stanly and Guilford counties.

WILLIAMS' PRIVATE SANATORIUM.

(Licensed by the Board of Public Charities. Inspected August 8th by the Secretary and found satisfactory.)

DR. B. B. WILLIAMS, Superintendent. GREENSBORO.

        Williams' Private Sanatorium is located at 1020 West Market Street, Greensboro. The building is steam heated, electric lights, a