<emph>Annual Report of the Board of Public Charities of North Carolina, 1910:</emph> Electronic Edition.

]> <emph>Annual Report of the Board of Public Charities of North Carolina, 1910:</emph> Electronic Edition. North Carolina Board of Public Charities Funding from the Institute for Museum and Library Services supported the electronic publication of this title. Text transcribed by Apex Data Services, Inc. Images scanned by Tampathia Evans Text encoded by Apex Data Services, Inc., Tampathia Evans and Melissa Meeks First edition, 2003 ca. 650K Academic Affairs Library, UNC-CH University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2003

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Annual Report of the Board of Public Charities of North Carolina, 1910 Report of the Board of Public Charities for the Year 1910 North Carolina Board of Public Charities 181 p. Raleigh, N.C. Edwards & Broughton Printing Company, State Printers [1911?] Call number NCC C360 N87p 1910 c.2 (North Carolina Collection, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)

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Library of Congress Subject Headings English Mentally ill -- Care -- North Carolina. Psychiatric hospitals -- North Carolina. Orphans -- Institutional care -- North Carolina. North Carolina Board of Public Charities. Public welfare -- North Carolina. Prisons -- North Carolina. Almshouses -- North Carolina. Poor -- Institutional care -- North Carolina. Prisoners -- Institutional care -- North Carolina. Deaf -- Institutional care -- North Carolina. Mute persons -- Institutional care -- North Carolina. Blind -- Institutional care -- North Carolina. Orphanages -- North Carolina. 2003-05-14, Celine Noel and Wanda Gunther revised TEIHeader and created catalog record for the electronic edition. 2003-04-04, Melissa Meeks finished TEI-conformant encoding and final proofing. 2002-04-26, Tampathia Evans finished TEI/SGML encoding 2002-01-01, Apex Data Services, Inc. finished transcribing the text.

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ANNUAL REPORTOF THEBOARD OF PUBLIC CHARITIESOFNORTH CAROLINA1910 EDWARDS & BROUGHTON PRINTING COMPANY STATE PRINTERS Members of the Board WILLIAM A. BLAIRChairman.....Winston-Salem. CAREY J. HUNTER, Vice-Chairman .....Raleigh. A. C. MCALISTER.....Asheboro. HENRY C. DOCKERY.....Rockingham. JOSEPH G. BROWN.....Raleigh. (MISS) DAISY DENSON, Secretary .....Raleigh.

OFFICE IN THE CAPITOL.

Letter of Transmittal RALEIGH, N. C., December 28, 1910. HON. W. W. KITCHIN, Governor of North Carolina.

SIR:—We have the honor to present herewith the Annual Report of this Board for the year ending December 31, 1910.

A careful perusal of the information contained herein will, we believe, show the deficiencies as well as the excellences of the charitable and penal institutions and their comparative cost; and we bespeak a careful investigation of the matters contained in the report and your interest and aid in developing the institutions according to the highest and best ideals.

Most respectfully, W. A. BLAIR, Chairman, CAREY J. HUNTER, Vice-Chairman, A. C. MCALISTER, HENRY C. DOCKERY, JOSEPH G. BROWN, Commissioners of the Board of Public Charities of NorthCarolina. REPORT OF THE BOARD OF PUBLIC CHARITIES FOR THE YEAR 1910. THE CAPITOL, RALEIGH, N. C., December 27, 1910. MR. W. A. BLAIR, Chairman, and MESSRS. CAREY J. HUNTER, A. C. MCALISTER, HENRY C. DOCKERY AND JOSEPH G. BROWN, Commissioners.

GENTLEMEN:—I have the honor to present the following report of the condition and management of the charitable and penal institutions of the State for the year 1910.

The voluntary reports of the eleemosynary institutions supported by county and municipal aid and by private charity are also included for the general information of our citizens.

The law requires of the Board an annual report to the Governor and a biennial to the General Assembly. For convenience and for dispatch in getting the report quickly to the public and in printed form, it has been published in two parts, one for 1909 and one for 1910, but they should be considered together as the two constitute the biennial report to the Legislature.

The needs of the several State institutions and of improved general policies for county institutions are fully discussed in part first and are followed by these recommendations which we repeat here, desiring to emphasize them, and to ask their earnest consideration by the lawmakers.

RECAPITULATION OF RECOMMENDATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS.

1. A building for the observation and treatment of acute and recent cases at the Morganton Hospital, cost $50,000.

2. Additional room for patients at the Goldsboro Hospital. Better fire protection, renewed flooring in some of the wards, and an officers' dining room. (Since the above was recommended the Goldsboro Hospital has built the dining room from proceeds of surplus farm products.)

3. The establishment of an epileptic village with buildings for the feeble-minded and idiots, entirely separate from any existing institution.

4. A special appropriation not exceeding $500 per annum for the services of a specialist to examine the throat, ears, eyes and nose of newly admitted pupils at the School for the Deaf, Morganton.

5. New and permanent sleeping quarters and dining room at the Tillery Farm. Better arrangements for fire protection, bathing facilities and sewerage. (Improvements have been made during 1910 in sleeping quarters, bathing facilities and sewerage.)

6. Place the county convict camps under a State Board of Supervisors.

7. Liberal support to the Tuberculosis Sanatorium, Soldiers' Home and Stonewall Jackson Training School.

8. Appropriation and Directors on the part of the State for the Colored Reform School, chartered by the Assembly of 1909.

9. Cultivation of more acreage at the County Homes and more land for these Homes deficient in this respect.

10. Temporary aid only to the county poor in their own homes (outdoor relief) as far as possible, to prevent pauperization, and to spend this money now used for outdoor relief to adequately equip the County Homes.

11. That the Board of Public Charities be authorized to employ an inspector to visit the several county charitable and penal institutions and make detailed reports.

12. That the laws in regard to voluntary commitment of patients and those relating to private licensed hospitals be amended.

13. A law looking toward the prevention of blindness from ophthalmia neonatorum (in co-operation with the State Board of Health and the Superintendent of the School for the Blind).

14. That institutions hereafter established for the care of helpless children be not chartered or allowed to receive children except upon certificate from the Board of Public Charities after a thorough investigation as to means of support and reliability of the person or persons desiring to establish such institution.

15. State Camp for all tuberculous prisoners (From State's Prison, camps and jails).

16. Change the end of the fiscal year from November 30 to an earlier date. (To give sufficient time for preparation and printing of biennial reports for the Assembly.)

17. A suggestion for private philanthropy; the establishment of a ward or of a hospital for the treatment of crippled and congenitally deformed and diseased children such as are now successfully treated in the orthopædic hospitals.

INSANE, EPILEPTIC AND FEEBLE-MINDED.

Special attention is again called to the need of more room for epileptics (most decidedly a separate institution for them). To the want of room for women at the Raleigh Hospital and the pressing need of more room at the Goldsboro Hospital.

There is no provision for idiots no matter how dangerous they may be and notwithstanding the declared policy of the State in the law for care “of all mental defectives.” A number of letters have come to this office asking for some place to properly care for the idiots and feeble-minded. Most especially should the feeble-minded women be provided for, and guarded against the unmentionable horrors which some have undergone, entailing money loss to the counties and suffering and weakness to their unfortunate progeny who can not hope to be anything but feeble-minded and dependent upon the counties for support.

PROPER EQUIPMENT FOR INSTITUTIONS.

Our Hospitals and some of the other institutions fail in their highest usefulness for the want of the necessary equipment and expert help. There should be receiving buildings at the hospitals for the new and acute cases where patients could have the advantage of close study and the latest medical knowledge be made available through special pathological examinations, laboratory work, baths, etc.

The physical condition of our hospitals is fine, the foundations are excellent for good results and the small added expenditure of this special medical and research work is the capstone to the institution. It means more cures and quick cures and a money saving expenditure. To properly equip the institutions for the medical care of the patients is the greatest present need. This should be done at all the hospitals, but the special recommendation has been made and is most earnestly repeated that $50,000 be appropriated for the Hospital at Morganton for such a building. The Morganton Hospital has a capacity of 1,250 beds and yet this need for special medical treatment can only be partially met and in scattered wards.

INCREASED MAINTENANCE FOR INSTITUTIONS.

It is “penny wise and pound foolish” to have expensive buildings closed for want of furniture and equipment, and beds empty for want of support fund when the afflicted are clamoring for admission and the room has already been made for them.

The annual support fund for the charitable institutions last year was $545,000 (not including the $5,000 for support of the Dangerous Insane Department which is maintained by the State's Prison). This year the amount asked for by the officials in charge to fill the rooms now available is $685,750, an increase of $140,750 per annum for maintenance.

The normal capacity of all the charitable institutions is 4,812; if we take from this number the available beds at the two orphanages (525) and the Dangerous Insane Department (70) we have left for the other institutions 4,197. Taking out the $15,000, the annual amount given the two orphanages, there will be needed for the other institutions the sum of $670,750 for maintenance. This gives an average per capita of only $159.81, which is low compared with many States. To get the utmost good of the enormous sums invested in these plants we should certainly supply adequate support to fill them and also the necessary equipment to quickly cure or improve so the inmates may return to their homes and cease to be a burden to the taxpayer. (Tables follow giving the amounts asked for by each institution.) There is indebtedness to the amount of $21,744.05 which would have to be added to the above amount. The needs for special appropriations are given in the reports of the Superintendents which follow this summary.

MEETING OF THE AMERICAN PRISON ASSOCIATION AND THE INTERNATIONAL PRISON CONGRESS AT WASHINGTON, D. C., OCTOBER 2 TO 8.

The Secretary was appointed a delegate by Governor W. W. Kitchin to the Prison Association meeting and she attended the deliberations of that most notable body. The two societies met at the same time and place. The International meets once in five years and this was its first session in America. The next will be held in London by invitation of that world power. Thirty-nine countries were represented, delegates having come from China, Japan, Africa and far distant lands.

The Congress was divided into committees who met each morning and discussed a series of prepared questions, the consensus of opinions being crystallized into resolutions which were submitted to the General Assembly each afternoon and finally adopted as the opinions of the Congress. French and English were the official languages and everything was translated from one to the other. The following subjects were discussed, “Juvenile Offenders,” “Idle and Vagabond Children,” “Children Born out of Wedlock,” “Probation,” “Release on Parole,” “The Indeterminate Sentence,” “The Criminal Abroad,” “Complicity in Crime.”

(The conclusions of the Congress will be found as an appendix to this report.)

It must be remembered that the conclusions are the unanimous opinions of the representatives of thirty-nine countries of varying codes and civilizations. We would call attention to the conclusion on

RELEASE ON PAROLE.

“Accepting the principle of conditional liberation on parole as an indispensable aid to the reformation of the prisoner, the Congress approves of the following resolutions:

1. Conditional release should be given not by favor, but in accordance with definite rules. Prisoners of all classes, including workhouse prisoners, should be eligible for conditional release after serving for a definite minimum period.

2. Conditional liberation should be given on the recommendation of a properly constituted board, but reserving always the control of government. This board should have the power of recalling the prisoner in case of unsatisfactory conduct.

3. The duty of caring for conditionally liberated prisoners should be undertaken by State agents, specially approved associations, or individuals who will undertake to befriend and supervise them and to report on their conduct for a sufficiently long period.

4. Where the ordinary rules for parole are not applicable to life prisoners, their cases should be dealt with by the supreme government as a matter of clemency.”

We have the conditional release law, but the burden of its execution falls upon the Governor of the State. He should be relieved of this by appointing the prison board of directors to serve also as a parole board and every prisoner except life prisoners, should have the benefit of the release after serving the minimum sentence and showing by good conduct and otherwise their readiness to be so trusted. Of course, the pardoning power of the Governor would still remain and he would be the final arbiter in all cases. This would give every prisoner an even chance for liberty, when he had shown himself capable of becoming a useful citizen. But there should certainly be a State agent or special official to see that the paroled men keep their parole and that the public be protected by summarily remanding them to prison when parole is violated.

COUNTY HOMES. (Commissioners' Reports.)

The following seven counties do not maintain Homes for the Aged and Infirm but give outdoor relief: Carteret, Clay, Currituck, Graham, Lee, Mitchell, and Onslow.

Fifty-four counties give as present at time of report: Whites, 453; colored, 254; color not given, 33; total, 740. Twelve additional counties from the Visitors' reports give in sixty-six county homes, 932. Of these, insane, 59; epileptic, 66; feebleminded, 225; total mental defectives, 350. Confined, 28.

Died during the year, 204.

Childen in charge, 31; most of these infants.

As there are ninety-eight counties and ninety-one maintaining Homes, this leaves one-fourth not reporting the number cared for and only two-thirds have reported the cost of county poor.

Cared for in the County Homes (Commissioners' reports only), 740, at a cost of $60,002.30. Outdoor relief to 2,356 persons at a cost of $52,652.19; grand total, $112,654.49.

The farms add materially to the support of the Homes and are not included in the reports.

New sites purchased in Ashe and Haywood. Jones is building. Caswell, Granville, New Hanover and Vance have been improved. Lincoln, Madison and Tyrrell have erected new buildings.

The Homes are inferior in Davie, Cabarrus, Iredell, Transylvania, Wilson, Yadkin, Yancey.

Attention is called to part first of this report in regard to the growing amount of outdoor relief at the expense of properly and adequately equipped Homes.

COUNTY PRISONS. (Commissioners' Reports.)

Commissioners have reported sixty-two jails. Present at time of report: White men, 75; colored men, 194; white women, 9; colored women, 28; total, 306. Sixteen additional counties taken from Visitors' reports, making seventy-eight counties, increase the above sum to 107 white men; 261 colored men; grand total, 368. Insane confined, 12.

Prisoners died during the year, 6. Boys under sixteen, 16.

Generally speaking, the prisons are not kept in as cleanly a condition as they should be. The bedding and cells more particularly should be especially cleansed whenever not occupied and ready for the next comer. The great difficulty is the fact that prisoners wear their own old clothing into the jail and thus introduce dirt and vermin which require a continual fight from those in charge. A limited number of suits could be provided by the county and the men required to bathe and put these on while their own are fumigated. There is no excuse for the filth in some of our jails. Cleveland, Gaston and New Hanover jails are too small. Anson, Burke, Cabarrus, Clay and Mecklenburg are inferior buildings. Dare, Iredell and Perquimans are new. Rockingham and Richmond are building. Those of Pitt and Camden were burned during the year, but plans are under way for new jails.

COUNTY CAMPS.

There are forty counties which maintain camps, some of these more than one. Twenty-one Commissioners' reports have been received and four are added from the Visitors' reports, making twenty-five camps, reporting as follows: White men, 100; colored men, 738; colored women, 2; total, 840. Ten boys under sixteen. Died during the year, 10. Several of these were shot or accidentally killed.

(Recommendations for camps will be found in part first, report of 1909. Later figures give total No. 1383. See page 39.)

MEETINGS AND INSPECTIONS.

The four regular meetings of the Board have been held, three in Raleigh and one at Greensboro. The one at Greensboro was held at the same time as the annual meeting of the State Anti-Tuberculosis Society so the members might participate in the deliberations of that body. Tuberculosis is a house disease and the problem of the care of cases and the prevention of infection of the well arises in all institutions. Careful examination for this disease should be made of all inmates in the institutions and those afflicted segregated.

Inspections have been made during 1910 of the Hospital and Epileptic Colony at Raleigh, Dangerous Insane Department and Penitentiary, School for the Blind and the Department for Colored Blind and Deaf, Soldiers' Home, Stonewall Jackson Training School, Sanatorium for Treatment of Tuberculosis, the Tarheel and Elkin Railroad Camps, Williams' Private Sanatorium, and Telfair Institute. All the institutions except the Goldsboro Hospital and the two orphanages at Oxford have been visited during the biennium. All licensed hospitals except Dr. McKanna's. The jails of Cabarrus, Guilford and Mecklenburg, the Guilford Workhouse for Women and Boys, and the County Homes of Guilford and Wake. Also Watts' Hospital has been visited by one of the Commissioners.

GENERAL WORK OF THE OFFICE.

The details of the work can be found in the monthly reports to the Chairman and the quarterly reports to the Board which are on file in the office. The work includes sending out blanks, preparation of inquiries, statistics and reports, and correspondence with most of the States as well as our own citizens.

We have many requests for reports, statistics and copies of laws.

Many special cases arise during the year which must be met, but the details take too much space to be enumerated here.

BOARDS OF VISITORS.

To the Boards of County Visitors we extend our thanks and appreciation of their self-sacrificing helpfulness in their care of the county institutions.

A WORD OF ACKNOWLEDGMENT.

Thanks are due the Governor and State officials for their aid. To the superintendents of the institutions for their cordial attitude towards the Board.

With personal thanks of the Secretary to the Commissioners for their unvarying courtesy and kindness.

Respectfully, DAISY DENSON, Secretary. Adopted by the Board December 27, 1910. CAREY J. HUNTER, Chairman Pro tem. Population of the Institutions for 1910.

The population of the institutions was distributed during the year ending November 30, 1910, as follows:

Total number cared for. Hospital at Morganton 1,500 Hospital at Raleigh 1,009 Hospital at Goldsboro 916 Dangerous Insane Department 66 Epileptic Colony (State Hospital at Raleigh) 159 School for the White Blind 215 School for the Colored Blind and Deaf 213 School for the White Deaf 282 Soldiers' Home 167 Oxford Orphanage for White Children 376 Oxford Orphanage for Colored Children 205 Stonewall Jackson Manual Training and Industrial School 60 North Carolina Tuberculosis Sanatorium 85 Total 5,253

Insane in Hospitals, 3,381; epileptics in Hospitals, 110; in colony, 159—total, 269.

Insane and epileptics in charge during the year 3,650 Present November 30, 1910, insane and epileptics 2,847

Present in the institutions November 30, 1910:

Hospital at Morganton 1,224 Hospital at Raleigh 694 Hospital at Goldsboro 729 Dangerous Insane Department 52 School for White Blind 189 School for Colored Blind and Deaf 174 School for the White Deaf 247 Soldiers' Home 125 Oxford Orphanage for White Children 314 Oxford Orphanage for Colored Children 201 Stonewall Jackson Manual Training and Industrial School 53 North Carolina Tuberculosis Sanatorium 30 Epileptic Colony (State Hospital at Raleigh) 148 Total 4,180

Per capita cost per annum for maintenance during the year 1910:

State Hospital at Morganton $160.37 State Hospital at Raleigh 176.46 State Hospital at Goldsboro 117.37 Dangerous Insane Department (under same management as Prison) 100.00 Epileptic Colony (State Hospital at Raleigh) 190.03 School for the White Blind 198.01 School for the Colored Blind and Deaf 198.01 School for the White Deaf 200.00 North Carolina Soldiers' Home 136.00 Oxford Orphanage for White Children (not including earnings and contributions in kind) 80.00 Oxford Orphanage for Colored Children 72.00 Stonewall Jackson Manual Training and Industrial School 150.00 North Carolina Tuberculosis Sanatorium, for year, $636.00; stay of patients averages two months, each therefore costs 106.00

Present normal capacity of institutions:

Hospital at Morganton1,250Hospital at Raleigh1,050Epileptic Colony192
Hospital at Goldsboro735Dangerous Insane Department70School for the Deaf300School for the White Blind200School for the Colored Blind and Deaf200Soldiers' Home, about150Oxford Orphanage for White Children325Oxford Orphanage for Colored Children200Stonewall Jackson Training School60Tuberculosis Sanatorium60Total4,812

Maintenance for the biennial period 1911-1912:

Annual amount asked for for support. Hospital at Morganton $200,000.00 Hospital at Raleigh and Epileptic Colony 183,750.00 Hospital at Goldsboro 87,000.00 Dangerous Insane Department 6,000.00 School for Deaf and Dumb 60,000.00 School for the Blind and the Colored Department 80,000.00 Soldiers' Home 30,000.00 Oxford Orphanage for White Children 10,000.00 Oxford Orphanage for Colored Children 5,000.00 Stonewall Jackson Training School 15,000.00 Tuberculosis Sanatorium 15,000.00 Total $691,750.00

INDEBTEDNESS OF INSTITUTIONS. Hospital at Raleigh $7,266.61 Epileptic Colony 2,750.80 School for the Deaf and Dumb 36.05 School for the Blind 5,690.59 Soldiers' Home 6,000.00 Total $21,744.05

State Institutions. STATE HOSPITAL AT MORGANTON. JOHN MCCAMPBELL, M.D., Superintendent. (Inspected by the Board of Public Charities, July 7, 1909, and found in excellent condition.)

POPULATION. Normal capacity, 1,250. Men. Women. Total. Number of inmates at the beginning of the fiscal year 449 727 1,176 Number received during the year 167 157 324 Whole number in charge during the year 616 884 1,500 Number at the end of the fiscal year 502 722 1,224 Died 38 36 74 Daily average attendance 442 672 1,114 Discharged recovered 39 51 90 Discharged improved 14 19 33 Discharged not improved 1 7 8

EXPENDITURES. Current expenses: 1. Salaries and wages. . . . .$59,443.91 2. Clothing. . . . . 13,749.03 3. Subsistence. . . . .59,838.05 4. Ordinary repairs. . . . . . 8,646.86 5. Office, domestic and outdoor expenses. . . . .36,974.79 Total. . . . .$178,652.64

Per capita cost, $160.37. Estimated net value of farm and dairy products, $29,014.39. There is no outstanding indebtedness. Thirty pay or part-pay patients. We have sufficient room for the immediate future if idiots and extreme senile cases are rejected. Our most urgent need is a receiving department properly equipped with modern appliances for the treatment of mental diseases. 90 to 95 per cent are chronic cases. Twenty-five have been refused admission; they were idiots, epileptics, not citizens, criminal, and others were senile cases. No room at the Epileptic Colony, and the epileptics in the Hospital have not been transferred. There are 37 patients from the Eastern District. Percentage of mortality upon the whole number in charge was 4.9 per cent. Cures upon admissions, 27.7 per cent. No case of suicide. General health has been very good. Four cases of pellagra, sick when admitted. One ward is set apart for sick patients. There is an operating room. Original work is done. A complete physical and mental examination is made upon admission, and special examination for tuberculosis. Four cases of tuberculosis. They are kept separate from others where practicable. Seven to eight hundred are employed. We have special crafts taught the women. A few books have been added to the library, and a small sum could be well expended for this purpose. There are 41 male and 52 female attendants. Attendants are selected for general fitness, certain educational requirements, and recommendations. We can not get an altogether desirable class for the wages now paid.

JOHN MCCAMPBELL, M.D., Superintendent. STATE HOSPITAL AT RALEIGH. (Inspected by the Board of Public Charities, July 6, 1910, and found in excellent condition.) JAMES MCKEE, M.D., Superintendent.

POPULATION. Normal capacity, 1,050. Men. Women. Total. Remaining October 31, 1909 335 342 677 Admitted during the fiscal year ending November 30, 1910 147 199 346 Total under treatment during the year ... ... 1,009 Discharged recovered 130 109 239 Discharged improved 1 1 2 Discharged unimproved 3 2 5 Discharged not insane 9 3 12 Died 23 26 49 Total removed 170 145 315 Remaining November 30, 1910 310 384 694 Daily average attendance during the year ... ... 818 Average number of officers and employees ... ... 154

EXPENDITURES. Current expenses: 1. Salaries and wages. . . . . $42,536.43 2. Clothing. . . . . 9,748.17 3. Subsistence. . . . . 70,602.42 4. Ordinary repairs. . . . . .8,336.03 5. Office, domestic and outdoor expenses. . . . . 9,537.25 Total. . . . .$140,760.30 Extraordinary expenses: 1. New buildings, land, etc. . . . .10,913.70 Grand total. . . . .$151,674.00

Percentage of mortality upon the whole number treated, 4+. Cures upon admissions, 69 per cent. Patients from the Western District, 26. Pay and part-pay patients, 22. Amount received from patients for the year, $6,896.13. Ninety per cent of the cases are chronic. Sixty applications have been refused for following causes: old age, idiots, imbeciles, paralytics, drug and inebriates, not insane, and for want of room in the female wards. The epileptics in the Hospital have not been transferred to the Colony. There are 14 men and 7 women. There was no room for them in the Colony. There have been three cases of suicide—one man and two women. Coroner was called at once and necessary permit given. Some of the new buildings have not yet been occupied. The wards for tuberculous patients have not been occupied because window guards must be supplied. General health of the patients is good. We have no infirmary for sick patients to amount to anything; no operating room. Tubercular wards for both sexes. No original research work done, and only the physical examination made. No special or rigid examination for tuberculosis. We have five women with the disease. Sixty cases of pellagra. There are 350 patients working in the garden, laundry, sewing, knitting, and helping to keep the wards in order. No books added this year. No special arts or crafts taught the women. Twenty-one escapes. There are 31 male and 25 female attendants. These are selected by letter of testimonial of good moral character. Attendants do have opportunities for treating patients roughly without the knowledge of the superintendent. We have not sufficient room for the women.

Receipts, $115,000.00. Disbursements, $140,760.30. Outstanding indebtedness, $7,266.61. Per capita cost, $176.46. Estimated net value of farm and dairy, $29,280.77. We will need for support for each year of the next biennial period, 1911-1912, $183,750.00.

JAMES MCKEE, M.D., Superintendent. EPILEPTIC COLONY (STATE HOSPITAL, RALEIGH). (Inspected by the Board of Public Charities, July 6, 1910, and found in excellent condition.) CHARLES L. JENKINS, M.D., Superintendent.

POPULATION. Normal capacity, 192. Men. Women. Boys. Girls. Total. Number of inmates received during the year 82 43 17 17 159 Discharged improved .. 1 .. .. 1 Discharged not improved 3 .. .. .. 3 Discharged as cured .. .. .. .. .. Died 2 4 .. .. 6 Remaining November 30 1910 76 38 17 17 148

The first patient was admitted to the Colony on December 29, 1909, from Wilkes County. The buildings were not completed at that time. No epileptics have been transferred from the two Hospitals as yet. General health of the patients has been good; mental condition has been bad. Fifty have been refused admission, as follows: paralytics, old age, not epileptic. Some refused to come. On file, 126 applications. We have some applications on file because the counties have more than their proportional quota and we are holding these back to give other counties an opportunity, as the number of rooms is limited. Eight attendants. Five employees. No special medical research work or investigation of phases of epilepsy. Chiefly custodial. The patients work on the farm, and the women sew and knit. Walking and games for recreation. Adequate heat, light and water supply. Sufficient fire protection. Insurance. Receipts have been $17,234.80. Disbursements, $19,995.60. Outstanding indebtedness, $2,750.80. Per capita cost, $196.035. No religious services. Chapel, amusement hall and laboratory are the special needs. It would be better to place the children in separate cottages. No serious accident or epidemic.

CHARLES L. JENKINS, Superintendent in Charge. STATE HOSPITAL AT GOLDSBORO. W. W. FAISON, M.D., Superintendent.

POPULATION. Normal capacity, 735. Men. Women. Total. Number of patients at the beginning of the fiscal year 270 410 680 Admitted during the year 103 133 236 Total number discharged or died 90 99 189 Discharged as recovered 25 50 75 Discharged as improved 10 14 24 Discharged as not improved 2 ... 2 Discharged as not insane 2 ... 2 Died 50 35 85 Total under treatment 373 543 916 Daily average attendance ... ... 715 Daily average number of officers and employees ... ... 97 Number remaining November 30, 1910 285 444 729

EXPENDITURES. Current expenses: 1. Salaries and wages. . . . . $22,616.40 2. Clothing. . . . . 5,561.35 3. Subsistence. . . . .23,637.34 4. Ordinary repairs. . . . . 2,914.00 5. Office, domestic and outdoor expenses. . . . .25,269.69 Total. . . . . $79,998.78

Extraordinary expenses:

1. New buildings, land, etc. . . . .$1,916.01 2. Permanent improvements to existing buildings. . . . .167.37 Total. . . . .2,083.38 Grand total. . . . . $82,082.16

Receipts, $80,000.00; disbursements, $79,998.78. No indebtedness. Per capita cost, $117.37.

The extraordinary expenses were paid with proceeds of cotton raised on the farm. This includes a building to be used for dining room, sewing room and steward's office.

Percentage of mortality upon whole number treated was 9.52. Percentage of cures upon admissions, 31.77. No pay patients. Ninety-three per cent are chronic cases. Thirty-five have been refused for want of room. Applications on file, 81. There are 52 epileptics and some idiots and feeble-minded. No epidemic or serious accident. No case of suicide. General health of the patients is fairly good. There are wards set apart for the sick, and there is an operating room. No original research work done. A general examination upon admission, but no special examination for tuberculosis. There are 29 cases of tuberculosis, some of them arrested cases. They are separated from others by day as well as in their sleeping quarters. Nearly half of the patients are employed. They work on the farm, cut wood, in the laundry, kitchen, sewing room, and ward work. Ten cases of pellagra. Though not well marked, two-thirds of the cases had it upon admission. Several escapes, though all have been returned except two. Male attendants, 24; female attendants, 32. These are chosen from applicants. It is difficult to get desirable attendants. There are opportunities for attendants to ill-treat patients, because they are in charge of the attendants; but if patients are cruelly treated it is generally found out.

We will need $87,000.00 per annum for maintenance during the coming biennium. We need additional room for both the insane and the epileptic insane, fire escapes, renewed flooring in some of the old buildings, and additional heating coils for two buildings not sufficiently heated.

W. W. FAISON, M.D., Superintendent. DANGEROUS INSANE DEPARTMENT. (Inspected in March, 1910, and found in satisfactory condition.) DR. THOMAS M. JORDAN, Medical Director.

POPULATION. Normal capacity, 70. Men. Women. Total. Inmates at the beginning of the fiscal year 40 10 50 Received during the year 14 2 16

Men. Women. Total. Number discharged as cured ... ... 8 Died ... ... 3 Number at the end of the fiscal year 41 11 52 Daily average attendance ... ... 50 Average number of officers and employees ... ... 4

Percentage of mortality, 5; of cures, 10. Daily employed, 6. Two escaped, but one has been recaptured. No tuberculosis. General health good. No epidemic or serious accident. The expenses of the department are defrayed by the State's Prison. Disbursements have been $5,719.98. Per capita cost, $100.00. Few are capable of attending religious services. Recreation is outdoor exercise in the prison yard. Care is mainly custodial. Necessary for support per annum for the next two years, $6,000.

J. J. LAUGHINGHOUSE, Superintendent. NORTH CAROLINA SANATORIUM FOR THE TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS. (Inspected by the Secretary on December 12, 1910, and found in excellent condition.) JAMES E. BROOKS, M.D., Superintendent. W. R. ENGEL, M.D., Assistant Physician.

The Sanatorium is most beautifully situated eight miles from Aberdeen, on the Aberdeen and Rockfish Railroad. Thirteen hundred acres of high, sandy land and also fertile acres for the farm, about fifty acres being in cultivation. Two deep wells, 210 and 214 feet, give good supply of fine water. Sewerage and electricity. Open fires.

POPULATION. Normal capacity, 60. Number admitted during the year. . . . .85 Discharged as cured and improved, per cent . . . . .79.5 Died . . . . .3 Remaining November 30, 1910. . . . . 30

There are two nurses and one attendant. Patients are charged one dollar per day, which is half of the expense of care. No charity patients taken. Some applications have been refused because of poverty and of the advanced stage of the disease.

Six buildings have been completed, and the dining room and kitchen building is now in course of construction. These buildings are all frame and inexpensive, and exit is easily made in case of fire, but no special arrangement for checking fire except the distance between the cottages.

Receipts from patients have been $5,314.10, and this has been expended. No outstanding indebtedness. The per capita cost of maintaining a patient for a year is $636.00, but it must be borne in mind that the average stay of a patient is 56 days, and therefore this yearly per capita serves for the training in self-care of six persons. We will need $15,000 per annum for support and $10,000 per annum for the development of the institution for the next two years.

JAMES E. BROOKS, Superintendent. NORTH CAROLINA SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB. PROF. E. McK. GOODWIN, Principal. (Inspected by the Board July, 1909, and found in excellent condition.)

POPULATION. Normal capacity, 300. Boys. Girls. Total. Number on the roll November 30, 1909 136 115 251 Admitted during the year ... ... 36 Whole number on the roll ... ... 282 Discharged or left voluntarily ... ... 35 Died ... ... 1 Number on the roll December 30, 1910 ... ... 247

EXPENDITURES. Current expenses: 1. Salaries and wages. . . . . $28,716.35 2. Clothing . . . . .1,620.00 3. Subsistence . . . . .17,641.85 4. Office, domestic and outdoor expenses . . . . .2,583.97 Total . . . . . $50,562.17 Extraordinary expenses: 1. New buildings, land, etc . . . . .13,777.87 Grand total . . . . .$64,340.04

Receipts for the fiscal year were: $50,000.00 for support; $15,000.00 for new building and repairs; earnings, $5,488.22; total, $70,488.22. Outstanding indebtedness, $36.05. Per capita cost of maintenance, $200.00. The compulsory attendance law has been enforced only to a limited extent; solicitors assisting in seven cases. Some applications refused for want of room and because of feeblemindedness. Two expulsions for flagrant disobedience of rules and attempt at running away. Some scarlet fever in a light form at present; general health is good. A physical examination is required, but no special examination for tuberculosis. One suspicious case, and we will send the child home. No specialist for the examination of the eyes, nose and throat, and no dentist except for extraordinary cases. No physical culture teacher. Attention is given to correct standing, sitting, breathing, etc. We have outdoor exercises for the boys, and the girls take outdoor exercise, but not systematically. No changes in the literary or industrial courses. Printing, carpentry, woodwork, shoemaking, farming and gardening are taught. Children become self-supporting. We have chapel exercises, Sunday School, and Christian Endeavor Society. We use the manual method for 63 and both oral and manual for 188. The new primary building is about completed, but is without furnishing. It will take $4,000 to complete and equip the building. It will take $60,000 per annum for the support of three hundred children. We also need a hospital building, cost about $10,000, and a water plant for the school, cost $20,000. About one hundred books have been added to the library. Miss Leatherman, of the State Library Commission, has advised and offered her services. The Superintendent of Public Instruction has visited the school, and we hope for a closer relation with that department. The superintendent is affiliated with the National Association of Schools for the Deaf and similar organizations, attending the annual meetings.

The following table gives the cause of deafness, age at onset of the trouble, of the 36 new pupils received in 1910:

Cause. Number of Children. Age of Onset. Congenital 26 Typhoid fever 1 Two years. Meningitis 1 Four years. Whooping cough 1 Eighteen months. Bronchitis 1 One year. Cold in the head 1 Eighteen months. Abscess in the head 1 One year. Adenoids 1 Eighteen months. Fever and earache 1 Eight months. Unknown 2

E. McK. GOODWIN, Superintendent. NORTH CAROLINA SCHOOL FOR THE BLIND AND DEAF. (Inspected January 3, 1910, by Commissioners Hunter, Dockery, and the Secretary. Secretary.)

Normal capacity of white and colored departments, 400.

DEPARTMENT FOR WHITE BLIND.Normal capacity, 200.Boys.Girls.Total.Number on the roll November 30, 19099775172Admitted during the fiscal year232043
Whole number during the year12095215Discharged101626Died.........Daily average attendance10577182Number on the roll November 30, 191011079189

EXPENDITURES (FOR BOTH DEPARTMENTS). Current expenses: 1. Salaries and wages . . . . .$32,954.60 2. Clothing (this is paid by the counties) . . . . .6,391.70 3. Subsistence . . . . . 28,559.41 4. Ordinary repairs. . . . .4,257.54 5. Office, domestic and outdoor expenses . . . . .4,919.04 Total . . . . .$77,082.29 Extraordinary expenses: Permanent improvements to existing buildings. . . . .9,457.32 Grand total . . . . .$86,539.61

The per capita cost has been $198.01, based on figures for both departments, as accounts are not kept separately; but the per capita for the colored is smaller than the per capita cost for the whites. Outstanding indebtedness is $5,690.59. We will need $80,000 per annum for support and more land and new buildings. Improvements during the year have been granolithic pavements on two sides of the square; outdoor gymnasium, woodwork of the buildings repainted. At the colored department metal ceilings have been placed in the auditorium, boys' building, and the remaining rooms of the girls' building. Several rooms replastered with fiber plastering and the plumbing in the main building has been entirely renewed. Our new library building is meeting our needs nicely; we have added a hundred books during the year. The compulsory attendance law has only been partially enforced. None have been refused admission. No epidemic or serious accident. Health has been fairly good. A physical examination is always made upon admission, and also examination for tuberculosis. None reported this year. There are specialists for treatment of eyes, ears, throat and nose. Some attention given to the teeth. Two physical culture teachers. Regular outdoor exercise. No additions to the literary or industrial courses. As trade or occupation for support the following are taught: Broom and mattress making, chair seating, piano tuning and repairing for the boys; sewing, fancy work, dressmaking, etc., for the girls. It is estimated that eighty-five per cent of our pupils become self-supporting after leaving the institution.

DEPARTMENT FOR THE COLORED BLIND AND DEAF. (Inspected by the Board October 26, 1910, and found in excellent condition, with the exception of part of the boys' building which needs changes in present toilet arrangements.) A. W. PEGUES (Col.), Supervisor.

THE BLIND. Normal capacity, 200. Boys. Girls. Total. Number on the roll November 30, 1909 41 41 82 Admitted during the fiscal year 8 8 16 Whole number in charge 49 49 98 Discharged 7 9 16 Died ... ... ... Daily average attendance 41 41 82 Number on the roll November 30, 1910 42 40 82

THE DEAF. Boys. Girls. Total. Number on the roll November 30, 1909 54 45 99 Admitted during the fiscal year 4 12 16 Whole number in charge 58 57 115 Discharged 14 6 20 Died 2 1 3 Daily average attendance 50 47 97 Number on the roll November 30, 1910 42 50 92

We had an epidemic of measles last spring. Present health is fairly good. We have about thirty-five acres of farm land, value $5,000.

The following tables are for the newly admitted pupils of both departments:

CAUSES OF BLINDNESS. AGE AT WHICH BLIND. AGE OF ADMISSION. Unknown 14 At Birth 22 Thirty-one years 1 Ophthalmia neonatorum 12 Unknown 5 Thirty years 1 Congenital 6 Twenty-four years 1 Twenty-nine years 1 Albino 3 Twenty years 1 Twenty-five years 1 Ulcer 2 Seventeen years 1 Twenty-three years 1 Gun shot 2 Fifteen years 1 Twenty years 1 Explosion 1 Ten years 3 Nineteen years 1 Glaucoma 1 Nine years 1 Eighteen years 1 Poison oak 1 Eight years 3 Seventeen years 2 Cold 1 Seven years 1 Sixteen years 2 Small splinter 1 Six years 3 Fifteen years 5 Accident 1 Six and one-half years 1 Fourteen years 3 Fall 1 Four years 1 Thirteen years 4 Rising in head 1 One year 1 Twelve years 1 Irido cyclitis 1 Eight months 1 Eleven years 1 Spasms 1 Four months 1 Ten years 7 Inflammation 1 Five weeks 1 Nine years 2 Measles 1 One month 1 Eight years 6 A few weeks 1 Seven years 5 Ten days 1 Six years 5 51 51 51

CAUSES OF DEAFNESS. AGE AT WHICH DEAF. AGE OF ADMISSION. Congenital 10 At birth 10 Fourteen years 3 Fever 2 Unknown 1 Twelve years 2 Bronchitis 2 Very young 1 Ten years 5 Syphilis 1 Twelve years 1 Nine years 9 Rheumatism 1 Nine years 1 Eight years 3 Measles 1 Three years 1 Six years 2 Unknown 1 Two and one-half years 1 Whooping cough 1 Two years 2 One year 1 19 19 19

The experiment of work shops for the adult blind has proven very successful in a number of States, and I see no reason why it should not be so in North Carolina. Yes, we are affiliated with the National Associations and attend the annual meetings.

JOHN E. RAY, Principal. NORTH CAROLINA SOLDIERS' HOME. (Inspected by the Board on October 26th and found in excellent condition.) CAPT. W. S. LINEBERRY, Superintendent.

POPULATION. Number on the roll January 1, 1910. . . . .161 Received during the year. . . . .31 Discharged during the year. . . . .18 Died. . . . .24 Number at the end of the fiscal year. . . . .125 Daily average attendance. . . . .116 Average number of officers and employees. . . . .25

There are twenty-two in the hospital with three white nurses and three colored orderlies to care for them. The physician is Dr. R. S. McGeachy. Veterans suffering with tuberculosis occupy a separate cottage. General health has been very good. The average age is seventy-five. Eighty-five applications on file, refused for want of room.

The appropriation for support for the last biennial period was $20,000 per annum. Disbursements have been about $23,600 and $1,000 for uniforms under special law. Outstanding indebtedness is about $6,000. Per capita cost of maintenance, $136. We will need $30,000 per year for support and special appropriation to meet the indebtedness.

W. S. LINEBERRY, Superintendent. STONEWALL JACKSON TRAINING SCHOOL. (Visited December 13, 1910, by the Secretary and found in excellent condition.) WALTER THOMPSON, Superintendent. POPULATION.

Normal capacity, 60.

Fifty-three boys now present. Applications have been refused for lack of room in most cases, but some were not suitable subjects. We have a regular physician, and all suspicious cases of throat, ear and eye troubles are especially examined.

The health of the children has been remarkably good. We have had one unfortunate and fatal accident. The literary course reaches about the seventh grade. For recreation the boys have outdoor sports. Receipts have been $21,000; disbursements, $18,000. No outstanding indebtedness. Two hundred and ninety acres. Bored well. Sewerage. Insurance. No special fire protection, but the cottages are built of brick and have stairways on both sides leading from the second story to the ground floor.

WALTER THOMPSON, Superintendent. OXFORD ORPHANAGE. COL. W. J. HICKS, Superintendent.

POPULATION. Normal capacity, 325. Boys. Girls. Total. Number of children at the beginning of the fiscal year 160 164 324 Admitted during the year ending October 31, 1910 24 27 51 Readmitted 1 ... 1 Whole number in charge 184 192 376 Placed in families 9 4 13 Returned to own people 21 13 34 Went to school ... 3 3 To positions 2 5 7 Ran away 5 ... 5 Died ... ... ... Remaining October 31, 1910 147 167 314

CURRENT OR ORDINARY RECEIPTS. Appropriations and contributions $18,926.14 Singing class 11,443.95 Shoe shop, sundry sales, etc 1,655.85 Balance November 1, 1909 3,227.05 $35,253.19

CURRENT OR ORDINARY DISBURSEMENTS. Salaries and wages (27 workers) $12,749.99 Clothing 1,578.45