Ante-Bellum North Carolina: A Social History:
Electronic Edition.
Johnson, Guion Griffis, 1900- 1989
INDEX
Page 909
INDEX
- Abbott, Henry, 412.
- Abernethy, W. H., quoted, 273.
- Abolition movement, and woman's rights, 249-50;
and Quaker position, 356, 572-73;
society agent said to be in state, 422;
ultraism of the day, 458;
alarm over, 461, 572;
work of infidels, 464;
effect on slave legislation, 499, 500, 521, 543, 550;
literature, 515, 518, 543, 550, 572-80.
See Anti-slavery movement.
- Academies, in colonial period, 18;
in towns, 119;
public examinations, 155, 304, 325-26;
female, 173, 177, 303, 307;
female departments, 228, 307-8;
free instruction to few, 266;
subsidies from Literary Fund, 273;
discussed, 284-88;
separation of sexes in, 302;
buildings, 309-10;
equipment, 313-14;
teachers, 323-325;
principals serve as pastors, 442.
- Adams, James, Wilmington printer, 814.
- Adams, Jesse, removal from Senate, 429.
- Adams, John, 818, 821.
- Adams, John Quincy, 564-65.
- Adventures of Captain Simon Suggs, 824.
- Advertisements, 45-46, 245, 778, 779, 792-94.
- Affray, 658, 659, 660, 667, 670.
- African Methodists, 545-46.
- Africans. See Slaves.
- Agriculture, colonial, 6, 15;
products, 15, 481-89, 482n;
signs of zodiac in, 48;
number employed in, 53;
methods on fifty-acre farm, 66;
scientific, 81;
societies, 106-9, 139;
State Board, 107, 296;
lack of market for, 115;
schools of, 288, 290;
causes of low state, 478;
use of fertilizer, 478-79, 481-82, 484, 486;
methods on Woodbourne plantation, 479-80;
cotton plantation described, 481-82;
tobacco plantation described, 482-84;
Burgwyn studies in Europe, 485;
effect of slavery on, 562;
and the press, 766-67, 795-97.
See Farmers;
Farms.
- Alabama, 37, 40, 70, 189, 336n, 468, 468n.
- Alamance Church, 351, 406.
- Alamance County, 54, 166n, 322, 347, 355, 361n, 362, 377, 633.
- Albemarle County, General Court of 1695, 265.
- Albertson, Benjamin, 799.
- Albertson, William, 767.
- Alcohol. See Drinking;
Spirituous liquors.
- Alderson, G., treatment of slave, 495.
- Alexander, Mrs. E. C., quoted, 496.
- Alexander, Dr. J. B., quoted, 61.
- Alexander, Rev. John, 302, 333.
- Alexander, Gov. Nathaniel, 636, 644.
- Alexander, S. C., 816.
- Alimony, 218, 219.
- Allen, Hannah, 595.
- Almanacs, 48, 810, 811;
"the farmers' Bible." 718;
information in, 743, 745, 753;
North Carolina Temperance Almanac, 803.
- Alston, W., 642.
- American Farmer, 483.
- American Messenger, 418.
- American Missionary, 579.
- American Museum, 817.
- American Recorder, 767.
- Amusements. See Games;
Sports;
Recreation;
Rural life.
- Anderson, Edwin, eye specialist, 745.
- Anderson, T. C., 817.
- Andrew, Bishop J. O., 465.
- Andrews, Joseph, 304.
- Anglicans, 343, 348.
- Annals of Southern Methodism, 802.
- Anson County, 34, 77, 53, 349, 383n, 470n, 530, 608-9.
- Anthony, Susan B., 248.
- Anti-Federalists, 260.
- Anti-slavery movement, and Methodists, 345;
and Wesleyan Methodists, 347;
and Quakers, 461;
American Anti-Slavery Society, 489, 563, 593;
anti-slavery views, 560-81.
See Abolition movement.
- Appeal in Four Articles, 515, 516, 517-19, 572.
- Apprentice system, 17, 57n, 58, 68, 70;
as provision for orphans, 258;
as form of education, 265;
free Negro subject to, 600, 601;
discussed, 703-8.
- Arator, 797;
quoted, 66, 69, 484.
- Archdale, Gov. John, 354.
- Architecture, log cabins, 20, 224;
country taverns, 96;
courthouses, 118;
temperance hall, 168;
houses, 224-27;
academy buildings, 309-10;
public schools, 311-12,
churches, 434-36,
slave quarters, 525-26.
See Houses.
- Arends, John Gottfried, 359.
- Aristocracy, newspaper correspondent on the law of caste, 52-53;
Raleigh, 52 and n, 61-62;
modifications in, 53, 58-59;
nature of, 62-63;
bubble, 74;
in town government, 123-25;
and education, 262;
and University of North Carolina, 296.
See Gentry;
Social classes;
Upper classes.
- Armstrong, Edward, 692.
- Armstrong, Gray, planter, 490.
- Armstrong, John, 299, 436, 442.
- Arrington, B. F., dentist, 747.
- Art, in education of women, 303-4;
cost of instruction, 306.
- Artiss, Hardy, Negro dancing master, 554.
- Asbury, Daniel, 382, 383, 384.
- Asbury, Bishop Francis, quoted, 120, 374, 375, 376, 383, 384, 388, 420, 430, 442, 541-42, 545.
- Ashborough Herald, 808.
- Ashe, Governor Samuel, 471.
- Ashe, Samuel, of Rocky Point, 283.
- Ashe County, 693, 737, 747.
- Asheboro (Ashboro), Female Academy, 325;
trial of Daniel Worth, 580;
Southern Citizen, 795n;
Craven and Brown magazines, 798.
- Asheville, influence on coming of railroad, 25-26;
main road, 27-28;
mail service, 29;
people characterized, 39;
James Madison Baird, 44;
dress, 89;
importance, 115;
board of health, 127;
library society, 166n;
mechanics association, 174n;
Warm Springs, 188;
Female Academy, 307;
Methodists, 348;
Presbyterian Church, 353;
Episcopal school, 414;
Western Carolina Temperance Advocate, 803;
Messenger, 823.
- Asheville Messenger, 25-26, 823.
- Atkin's Bank, 118.
- Atkinson, Bishop Thomas, 336, 441-42, 443n.
- Atlantic and North Carolina Railroad Company, 25, 117, 119.
- Atson, William, 231.
- Attempts at Rhyming, 826.
- Attmore, William, quoted, 13, 102-3.
- Auburn, Ala., Gazette, quoted, 829.
- Augsburg Confession, 359, 360.
- Augusta, Ga., 8, 28.
- Augusta, Ga., Centinel, quoted, 421.
- Austin, Benjamin J., 770 and n.
- Avery, William Waightsill, 47.
- Avirett, James Battle, 226.
- Ayer, H. W., 157n.
- Aykroyd, James, 290.
- Bachelor, Wright W., 766.
- Bachelors, toast to, 142-43;
tax on proposed, 201;
proportion of, 202.
- Bacon, Jarvis, C., 577.
- Badger, Fanny, 229.
- Badger, George E., 158, 726, 813, 815.
- Bain, William T., 815.
- Baine, Matthew, 552.
Page 910
- Baird, James Madison, 44.
- Bakeries, regulation, 132.
- Ball games, 109-11, 551.
- Ballad writers, 810.
- Ballot Box, temperance paper, 804.
- Balls, for President Monroe, 141;
subscription, 142, 156-60;
in Warrenton, 143;
in Raleigh, 143-144;
during races, 182;
tournament, 185;
young lady escorted by family, 195;
near camp meeting, 408.
See Dancing.
- Baltimore, 336, 482, 769, 823.
- Baltimore Jockey Club, 183.
- Bancroft, George, 820.
- Bandy, described, 109, 110 and n;
on Sunday forbidden, 128;
University professors complain of, 295;
penalty for playing at school, 327.
- Bangs, Nathan, on encampments, 391.
- Banks, 16, 37, 271n-272n, 473.
- Banks, James, 816.
- Baptist State Convention, and Wake Forest College, 298-300, 342;
organization, 341-42;
missions, 413,
publication society, 419;
Sunday schools, 420-21, 422;
relief work, 424;
on Baptist churches, 436.
- Baptists, in colonial period, 18, 337-39, 350;
and erection of churches, 100, 435, 436;
and temperance movement, 169;
on marriage laws, 203-4;
expansion and division, 339-43, 348, 352, 370;
and Disciples of Christ, 367;
Union, 368;
number in 1860, 369;
Great Revivals, 372-73; 385-88, 409;
share Church with Episcopalians, 431;
ministerial education, 440, 442;
conferences enforce discipline, 448;
associations on temperance, 455, 456, 457,
associations on slavery, 462, 560;
schism over slavery, 465;
liberties given slaves, 544-46;
Ralph Freeman, free Negro preacher, 608-9;
periodicals, 802.
- Barbecue Church, 349, 434-35.
- Barbecues, political, 140, 149-50, 190;
Fourth of July, 142;
funeral, 146;
slave, 479, 552, 554.
- Barnard, Henry, quoted, 33, 84-85, 92, 224.
- Barnes, James, quoted, 638.
- Barnett, John, quoted, 544.
- Barracoon, 473n.
- Barron, Thomas, 323.
- Barrow, David, quoted, 412.
- Bason, W. F., medico-dental surgeon, 746.
- Bastardy, petitions to Legislature on, 210-11;
laws against, 212-14;
procedure in cases of, 214-15, 657, 661,
slave incapable of, 537;
effect of emancipation on, 537;
and race mixing, 589, 590n;
jurisdiction of justice of peace, 619;
frequency, 658, 659, 660, 670.
See Illegitimacy.
- Bath, N. C., 470, 475, 796.
- Bathrooms, scarcity of, 718-19;
public, 719.
- Baths, on frontier, 717, 718;
in homes of wealthy, 718;
warm and shower, 744;
hydrotherapy, 757.
- Battle, C. C., 586.
- Battle, Dr. Jeremiah, quoted, 54, 104, 186, 224, 259-60, 725.
- Battle, Kemp P., quoted, 61.
- Battle, William, H., 288, 643.
- Bayley, John, quoted, 209.
- Beach, Wooster, 757.
- Beard, John, 770n.
- Beasely, Jacob, 766.
- Beasley, Frederic, quoted, 46.
- Beasley, John, astronomer, 811.
- Beattie's Ford, 297.
- Beaufort, railroad urged, 24;
harbor, 25, 117,
population, 114;
summer resort, 188;
Nathaniel Blount, 188;
free school, 265;
Methodist Negro mission, 546;
infirmary, 744.
- Beaufort County, 264, 574, 592, 671, 722.
- Beckwith, Dr. John, 745.
- Beggar's Opera, condemned, 178.
- Bell and Lawrence, printers, 767.
- Benedict, David, quoted, 388.
- Benefit of clergy, second offense of mayhem ousted, 42;
dueling resulting in death ousted, 44;
extended to slaves, 497;
extended to free Negroes, 500;
murderer of slave not entitled to, 502,
kidnaping free Negro ousted, 597;
legislation on, 645;
discussed, 647;
bigamy clergyable, 651;
crimes ousted of, 652;
abolished by Revised Code, 653.
- Benevolence See Philanthropy.
- Bennehan, Thomas D., 687-88.
- Bennett, D. K., Chronology of North Carolina, 799.
- Bennett, Mark, 456, 802.
- Berkeley, Charles, 291.
- Bernard, John, quoted, 158-59, 250.
- Berry, Lemuel D., 170.
- Bertie County, 53, 101, 207, 247, 272, 302, 333, 387, 412, 470n, 511, 599, 732.
- Bethabara, settlement, 364.
- Bethania, settlement, 364.
- Bethune, Mrs., infant school, 291.
- Betting, on sports, 17;
at cards, 95 and n;
at gander pulling, 111;
at county seats, 117;
at horse races, 182, 184n, 185-86;
at games of chance, 186-87.
- Bevens, Mrs. E., School for Young Ladies, 307.
- Bible, use in schools, 314, 317;
unfamiliarity with, 331-32;
societies, 341, 346, 416, 417, 442n;
distribution, 416-18, 423, 432-33;
classes, 426, 436;
belief in as officeholding test, 427, 428;
jurisdiction of churches based on, 462-63;
sanction of slavery, 463-64;
duty of masters to teach slaves to read, 541-42, 543-44.
duty of masters to teach apprentices to read, 705,
Almanac, for farmers, 718.
- Biblical Recorder, 213, 463, 802, 804, 809.
- Biggs, Asa, quoted, 568.
- Biggs, Joseph, 815.
- Biglow, S., 804.
- Bills of credit, issuance, 15;
academy, 285;
of wardens of poor, 689.
- Bingham, D. H., 289.
- Bingham, Lemuel, 768.
- Bingham and Krider, printers, 770 and n.
- Bingham and White, printers, 767.
- Birth registration, 252.
- "Black Republican" party, 567, 823.
- Blackbeard, play by L. Sawyer, 824.
- Blacksmiths, 57n, 98, 119, 132.
- Blackstone's Commentaries, 288, 289.
- Blackwell, Charles, 743.
- Bladen County, 106, 349, 488, 514-15, 515-16, 556n, 629.
- Blake, Nathaniel O., 775.
- Blatchford's Hotel, 152.
- Blind, the, Morehead asks for state asylum, 711;
provision for instruction, 716;
operations, 745;
- Blount, Frederick S., quoted, 31, 37-38, 193.
- Blount, J. G., quoted, 495, 572-73.
- Blount, Mrs., tea drinking, 206.
- Blount, Nathaniel, 333, 405.
- Blum, John C., publisher, 811.
- Boarding houses, 32, 152, 246.
- Boarding schools, for women, 247;
McPheeters, 286.
- Boddie, William W., 584.
- Bond, Silas, case cited, 71.
- Bonner, John, funeral, 147-48.
- Book binderies, in Raleigh, 814;
in Fayetteville, Wilmington and New Bern, 814-15.
Book stores, Gales in Raleigh, 765;
North Carolina Book Store, 811;
Hale's in Fayetteville, 814.
- Boomers, mountain, 62.
- Boonville, Disciples of Christ, 368.
- Borden, William, 3-4, 15.
- Boston Courier, 573.
- Boston Notion, 780.
- Bowden, Reddin, 693.
- Bowie, W. W. W., quoted, 483.
- Boyce, Annie, 474, 475.
- Boyce, Jacob, 554.
- Boyd, Charles, 577.
- Boylan, William, 48, 765, 787, 790. See Minerva.
- Boylan's Almanack, 811.
Page 911
- Brady, John, 706.
- Bragg, John, 790.
- Branch, Governor John, quoted, 39, 428, 635, 637, 663-64, 755.
- Brandon, A. W., quoted, 275-76, 276-77.
- Breshard's School, Miss, 308.
- Brevard, Alexander F., 238, 252, 371, 443, 470.
- Brevard, John F., quoted, 541.
- Brevard, Joseph, quoted, 318, 371, 470-71, 524, 535.
- Brewer, Eliza, 206.
- Brickell, Dr. John, quoted, 48, 97, 738-39, 747, 753.
- Bridges, supervision, 26-27;
disputes over, 32;
Sessum's, 98;
power of county court over, 622;
burning capital offense, 652.
- Bridgman, Catharine, 704.
- British and Foreign Bible Society, 416.
- Broadsides, publication, 810-11.
- Brodie, Charlotte B., 307.
- Brodnax, Mrs. John W., 237.
- Brookfield, William, 598.
- Brooks, John, 557.
- Brothels, 215 and n.
- Brown, Asa A., editor, 566, 774.
- Brown, Cain, 704.
- Brown, John, raid, 521
- Brown, John P., 476.
- Brown-Marsh, fair, 106;
revival, 382.
- Brown, R. H., publisher, 798.
- Brown, Robert, 493.
- Brown University, 299.
- Brown, W. A. G., 803.
- Brown, William Hill, poet, 826.
- Browntown, Davidson County, 796n.
- Bruce, Phillip, 383-84, 391, 407.
- Brunswick County, 53, 272, 487, 488, 489-90, 632.
- Bryan, Charlotte, 308.
- Bryan, Isabel, 308.
- Bryan, James W., of Carteret, 602.
- Bryan, James W., of New Bern, 505-6, 611.
- Bryan, John H., congressman, 31, 61, 148-49, 158, 161, 243, 244, 250, 432, 520-21, 539, 563.
- Bryan, Mrs. John H., 161-62, 237, 238.
- Bryan, Mary Norcott, 726.
- Bryan, Mary S., 175, 308.
- Buchanan, James, visit, 141.
- Buffalo settlement, 350.
- Bulletin, Charlotte, 774, 785.
- Bumpass, Frances Webb, 802.
- Bumpass, Mrs., midwife, 527.
- Bumpass, Sidney D., 802.
- Buncombe County, 39, 42, 62, 72n, 108, 188, 584, 633, 694.
- Bunting, John C., editor, 800, 824.
- Burch, Bailor, 538.
- Burgess, Lovatt, 592.
- Burglary, death without benefit of clergy, 645 and n;
under Revised Code, 652;
frequency, 659, 660;
convictions and prosecutions, 666-67;
case of failure to prosecute, 671.
- Burgwyn, Henry K., 485-86, 565.
- Burgwyn plantations, 526, 527.
- Burgwyn, Thomas O., 485-86.
- Burke County, 108, 496, 520, 590-91, 631, 632, 633, 682, 696, 735, 760.
- Burke, Governor Thomas, 428, 821.
- Burkitt, Lemuel, 339, 386, 387-88, 395, 412, 815, 816.
- Burning at stake, 506-7, 513.
- Burr, Talcott, Jr., editor, 774.
- Burrington, Governor George, quoted, 10, 358, 470.
- Burton, Governor H. G., 140, 156, 736.
- Burton, Simon, 289.
- Busbee, Quentin, 173, 799.
- Buxton, Jarvis, 414.
- Cabarrus County, 140, 212, 358, 359, 361n, 362, 397, 415, 417, 420, 599, 727, 749.
- Cadets of Temperance, 171.
- Cain, Elijah, 736.
- Cain, William, trust fund, 240.
- Calcidonia, plantation, 495.
- Caldwell, Charles, 821.
- Caldwell, David, log college, 285, 377;
and Great Revival, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381;
Caruther's Sketch, 816-17.
- Caldwell, Mrs. David, 380.
- Caldwell, John, 297.
- Caldwell, Joseph, Numbers of Carlton and Letters on Popular Education, 24. 296, 812;
quoted, 116-17, 228, 263-64, 267, 271, 331-32, 714;
and University of North Carolina, 292-94;
Elementary Geometry, 822.
- Caldwell, Thomas, poet, 826.
- Caldwell Institute, Greensboro, 317.
- Calhoun, John C., visit, 141;
funeral, 146.
- Calomel, in treatment of influenza, 732;
of cholera infantum, 742;
of worms, 742;
as purgative, 750;
in typhoid fever, 751.
- Calvin, Ann J., 534.
- Calvinism, Particular Baptists, 337;
Presbyterian, 349, 352.
- Calvinistic Methodists, 376.
- Camden, S. C., 470, 524, 535.
- Camden County, 46, 194, 510.
- Camden Journal, 172.
- Cameron, Judge Duncan, 547, 687-88.
- Cameron, J. A., quoted, 656, 689.
- Cameron, Thomas N., 204, 252.
- Camp meeting and revival movements, social status of leaders, 60;
influence, 93, 181, 209;
recreational feature, 100, 408;
Chap. XIII, 371-409.
See Great Revival.
- Camp meeting songs, 137.
See Spiritual songs.
- Campbell, Alexander, visit, 367.
- Campbell, J. D., editor, 799.
- Campbell, James, 106.
- Campbell, Rev. James, 349.
- Campbell, Thomas, 366, 367.
- Campbell Minstrels, 180.
- Canals, 6, 115, 118, 119.
- Canoe, John. See John Canoe.
- Cantwell, Edward, 566;
quoted, 618, 646-47, 654.
- Cape Fear Recorder, 37, 767, 769.
- Capeheart, T., 571.
- Capitol, burning of, 32, 165;
described, 121;
water tower, 136;
uses put to, 139-140,
Lafayette at, 140;
celebration of completion, 143-144;
Square, 173, 174.
- Card playing, 95 and n, 186-87, 243, 327, 490, 498, 557,
- Carey, John F., 169.
- Carolina Baptist, 803.
- Carolina Centinel, 767.
- Carolina Christian Monthly, 803.
- Carolina Cultivator, quoted, 93, 526; 567, 797, 800.
- Carolina Federal Republican, 766.
- Carolina Gazette, 804.
- Carolina Law Repository, 794.
- Carolina Observer, quoted, 190, 238, 628; 767, 768.
See Fayetteville Observer.
- Carolina Watchman, 770-79,
passim, 804, 809, 822, 823;
quoted, 61, 93, 100-1, 162, 248, 254, 541, 572, 672, 698.
- Carpenter's School, Miss, 308.
- Carraway, S. B., 523.
- Carter, Hill, 84n.
- Carteret County, 15-16, 77, 211, 257, 265, 355, 427, 504-5, 514-15, 526, 602, 688, 694, 705, 707.
- Carthage, 342, 389.
- Caruthers, Rev. Eli. W., quoted, 11-12, 331, 381 399, 399-400, 405-6, 437, 440-41;
"Evils of Slavery," 462,
Sketch of the Life and Character of the Rev. David Caldwell, 816-17;
Old North State, 817.
- Cary, Thomas, 355.
- Cary Rebellion, 354.
- Casket, 798.
- Caswell, Richard, 250, 821.
Page 912
- Caswell County, 187, 287, 288, 310, 371, 417, 470, 473-74, 482, 484, 536, 597, 682, 696, 727, 747, 760.
- Catawba County, 94, 361n.
- Catawba Journal, quoted, 318, 446, 494, 642.
- Catawba Springs, 188.
- Catechism for the Oral Instruction of Colored Persons, 464, 544.
- Catholics, controversy over officeholding, 427-28.
- Caulkins, Nehemiah, quoted, 593.
- Chaffin, W. A., 327.
- Chambers, Maxwell, legacy, 298.
- Chancery Court, agitation for, 338-40;
of colonial period, 616.
- Chapel Hill, 141, 824;
Elisha Mitchell home, 85;
streets, 131;
lighting, 232-33;
military instruction, 289;
University, 290-91;
North Carolina Historical Society, 296;
Joseph Caldwell, 331;
medical board, 759;
Harbinger and Columbian Repository, 795, 797;
Mrs. Spencer, 826.
- Chapel Hill Literary Gazette, 800n.
- Chaplin, J. J., book bindery, 814.
- Charity. See Poor relief;
Philanthropy.
- Charleston, S. C., 5, 8, 23, 63, 67, 86, 114, 122, 175, 183, 470, 485, 503, 529, 796.
- Charlotte, railroad, 25;
plank roads, 26;
fear of New Englander after leaving, 33;
newspaper quoted on homespun, 88;
lodge, 101;
population, 114;
location, 115;
described, 121;
street lights, 129;
streets paved, 132;
moral society, 151;
May day, 155;
gas lights, 129, 233;
shops, 247;
A. J. Leavenworth on illiteracy, 267;
Queen's Museum, 296;
Female Academy, 306, 307;
schools for women, 307;
Baptist Church, 342;
Catholic Church, 368;
paper disapproves of Sunday newspapers, 446;
Sabbath breaking protested, 448;
abolitionist tarred and feathered, 581;
erysipelas epidemic, 737;
newspapers, 769, 774, 796;
Mecklenburg Declaration, 818.
- Charlotte Democrat, quoted, 371, 390.
- Charlotte Journal, quoted, 793.
- Charlotte Whig, quoted, 509-10.
- Chatham, Thomas, 557.
- Chatham County, 27, 34, 107, 166n, 271, 289, 355, 445, 493, 527, 602-3, 610, 669, 730, 795.
- Chavis, John, 609-10.
- Cherokee County, 632, 633.
- Cherry, William W., 272.
- Child Paper, 418.
- Childbirth, use of midwives, 252, 739;
of slaves, 527, 530;
death penalty for concealing, 646;
concealing misdemeanor under Revised Statutes of 1837, 651;
frequency of, 739;
use of spirituous liquors in, 740 and n.
- Children, number, 58, 69, 102n, 250, 251;
of middle class, 64;
parents spoil, 78;
care of, 235-36, 238;
education of by mothers, 238 and n;
infant death rate, 250-51;
effect of nurses on, 252-53;
discipline, 253-55, 326-29;
legal status, 255-56;
guardianship of, 256-58;
opposition to educating poor, 261-62;
education of poor, 265-66, 425, 433;
religious instruction, 419-22, 447-48;
care of slave, 527;
of slaves take status of mother, 588;
apprentice system, 703-8;
health, 741-43.
See Infant care.
- Childs, John W., revivalist, 389.
- Chimneys, of taverns, 96;
types of, 132, 224;
described, 225;
swept down, 234;
brick, 309;
wooden, 310.
- Cholera, town ordinances, 127;
in Lenoir County, 523;
among slaves, 528;
as miasmatic disease, 730;
Asiatic in Elizabeth City, 730-31;
treatment, 751.
- Chowan County, 240, 470, 490, 508, 601, 694.
- Christian Church, O'Kelly branch, 366-67;
Disciples of Christ, 367-68;
Christian Sun, 802.
- Christian Intelligencer, quoted, 464.
- Christian Sun, 802.
- Christianity and Slavery, 463.
- Christmas, celebration of, 62-63, 101, 145, 529, 550-53, 554, 559, 700.
- Chronology of North Carolina, 799.
- Church ale, described, 439.
- Church benevolence. See names of denominations;
Philanthrophy.
- Church Intelligencer, 803.
- Church of England, 18, 148, 204, 332-33, 337, 343, 354, 431, 684.
- Church services, in country, 100;
in town, 128, 139;
in settlers' homes, 430;
discussed, 442-46;
neglect of as cause for discipline, 451, 452.
- Church wardens. See Wardens of poor.
- Circuses, 158, 179, 190.
- Civil jurisdiction, of magistrate's court, 617 and n;
of county court, 621;
of superior court, 623;
contracts, 628-29;
imprisonment for debt, 654-57.
- Civil rights, property qualification on officeholding, 34-35, 76;
property qualification on the franchise, 35-36;
restoration by legislative act, 44;
deprived of on conviction of crime, 71;
restraint of free Negroes, 598-99;
incapacity of free Negro as legal witness against white, 599;
free Negroes required to register, 599-600;
legislation of 1830-31 against free Negro, 600-1;
retained by free Negroes, 601;
free Negro's right to vote, 601-4.
See Freedom of Speech;
Natural rights.
- Clancy, John D., 769.
- Clarendon Horse Guards, 173.
- Clark, Henry S., duel, 790.
- Clark, Mary, quoted, 94.
- Clarke, Mary Bayard, Wood-Notes, 825;
Mosses from a Rolling Stone, 826;
quoted, 829-30.
- Class consciousness. See Social Classes.
- Clay, Henry, 141, 150, 249, 787.
- Clay, William H., 159.
- Clay-eating, 72-73.
- Clements, William, 334.
- Clemonsville High School, 300, 326.
- Clergy, social status, 60;
opposition to theaters, 178;
denied seat in Legislature, 427, 428-29;
jury and patrol duty, 429-30.
See Preachers.
- Cleveland County, 5, 188, 632, 633, 776.
- Clinton, Thomas L., duel, 45.
- Clinton, conspiracy, 519-20.
- Coakley, Benjamin, 219.
- Cockfighting, 17, 128, 180-81, 184n.
- Coffee, drinking, 91, 158, 160, 227, 232, 523.
- Coffle, slave, 473.
- Cogswell, Joseph Green, quoted, 52n.
- Coke, Bishop Thomas, 346, 374, 420.
- Cole, C. C., editor, 801.
- Cole, Dr. John, 709.
- Colfax 576.
- Collection of All the Public Acts of Assembly, 813.
- Colleges, denominational, Davidson, 296-98;
Wake Forest, 298-300;
Trinity, 300-1;
New Garden Boarding School, 301-2.
- Collins, Josiah, Jr., 485, 488, 548.
- Colloquial and provincial expressions, fall sores, 73;
terms applied to lovers, 195-196;
of camp meeting, 392, 396;
bees, spells, 435;
marryings, buryings, 438;
deaconing the lives, 444;
preaching, 445;
Gospel steps, 450;
black family, 468;
first dark, 479,
shufflers, 479;
pleasured, 522;
after task, 530;
seeing pleasure, 540;
Christmas gift, 552;
example in Negro's speech, 557;
three-cent drinks on the wink, 559;
being in law, 629;
put a period to her existence, 709;
big houses, 718;
wash place, 718;
dirt farmer, 723;
fever breeder, 726;
summer complaint, 730;
independent as a woodsawyer, 829.
See Slang.
- Colonial and State Records, 820.
- Colonization movement, assistance of Quakers, 462
Joseph Gales, 569;
Legislature, 569;
societies, 462, 569-70,
confused with anti-slavery agitation, 570;
contributions to, 570-72.
- Colton, Henry E., 823.
- Columbia, S. C., 5, 23, 196-98, 252, 362, 414, 527.
Page 913
- Columbian College, 299.
- Columbian Repository, 795, 797, 799.
- Columbus County, 272, 488.
- Commerce, 3-4, 5-6, 8, 23, 115, 830.
See Industries;
Trade.
- Commercial, Wilmington, 773, 789.
- Common law, marriages, 207-8, 207n;
legislative enactment of 1778 concerning, 646;
benefit of clergy, 647;
more specific definitions of by Revised Statutes of 1837, 651.
- Common School Fund, 279n.
See Literary Fund.
- Common schools. See Public schools.
- Communication, means of in colonial period, 19;
effect of lack on society, 22, 115.
See Postal service, Transportation, Telegraph, Newspapers.
- Communism, of early Moravian settlement, 363-64.
- Concord, plank roads, 26.
- Concord Presbytery, Davidson College, 297;
establishment, 351 and n;
Great Revival, 377-78, 382;
missionary, 411-12.
- Congregationalist Christians, 366.
- Connecticut, 84, 85, 92, 120, 224, 242, 566, 570, 602, 757, 767.
- Connelly, Mrs. Mary, 43.
- Conner, Henry W., 206.
- Conner, Mrs. Henry W., 243.
- Consolidated Statutes, 630.
- Constables, popular election agitated, 76;
town, 126, 127, 128;
levy process at church, 445n.
- Cook, Hepsebeth, 692.
- Cook, Joshua, apprenticed, 704.
- Cook, Mary, apprenticed, 704.
- Cooke, William D., 714-16, 797, 799-800, 804.
- Cooke, William D., and Co., 796-97.
- Cooper, Jesse, 428, 603.
- Corn, as North Carolina crop, 6, 53, 485, 478-79, 481, 482n, 485.
- Corn shucking, 91-92, 95, 554, 559.
- Cornell, Catherine, 302.
- Cotten, Edward R., 821.
- Cotton, areas, 5, 53, 482;
mills, 99, 117;
use of compost, 478-79;
as plantation crop, 481;
on Panola plantation, 481-82;
replaces tobacco, 482n;
sold in Virginia and South Carolina, 828.
- Cotton Plant, steamboat, 151.
- Counterfeiting, 645, 646, 648, 651, 678.
- Country fairs, 106-107, 108-109.
- Country Line Association, 340n, 420.
- Country stores. See Stores.
- County Commissioners, 616, 635.
- County courts. See Ch. XXI, 613-43.
- County seats, location of, 32, 116-117;
importance of, 116.
- Course racing, 182n, 183.
- Court of wardens. See Wardens of poor.
- Court system, court week described, 17, 148-149, 613-14;
discussed, Ch. XXI, 613-43.
- Courtesy, legal right of, 240.
- Courthouses, as social center, 101, 108, 139, 141, 142, 143, 152, 168, 172;
locations of, 116-117;
described, 118, 120, 615;
center of town business, 119;
public contracts let at door, 131.
- Courtship and marriage customs, at summer resorts, 189;
Ch. VII, 191-223.
- "Cousin Sally Dillard," by H. C. Jones, 772, 823.
- Cowan, Col., 141.
- Cowan, Thomas L., 177.
- Cowan's Ford, 297.
- Cowper and Krider, publishers, 794.
- Cox, Phillip, revivalist, 375.
- Craig, Burton, 770, 772.
- Craig, Dr. James A., 142.
- Craighead, Alexander, 350.
- Crane, Dr. A., 156.
- Cranioscopy, 757.
- Craven, Rev. Braxton, 64, 90, 300-1, 798.
- Craven, John, 596.
- Craven County, 32, 108, 311, 333, 520-21, 556, 574, 685, 694, 710.
- Crawford, William H., 564, 787.
- Creath, Jacob, 366.
- Creath, Jacob, Jr., 366.
- Crimes, punishable by death, 645-46;
codification of code urged, 647-48;
clergyable offenses, 647;
punishable by dismemberment, 647-48;
punishable by pillorying, whipping, or fine, 647-50, 649n;
punishable by branding, 648;
under Revised Statutes, 651-52;
under Revised Code, 652-53;
frequency tables, 658-60;
agitation for a penitentiary, 661-73;
leniency of juries and increase of, 674-76.
See Misdemeanors.
- Criminal Code, Ch. XXII, 644-82.
- Crops. See Agriculture.
- Croker, John, 246.
- Crooks, Adam, 347, 575-78
passim.
- Cross Creek, 349.
- Crowder, W. J. W., quoted, 418, 448.
- Crowfield Academy, 285.
- Crudup, Josiah, 323, 429.
- Culpeper, John, 429.
- Culpepper, Henry, 46.
- Cumberland County, 32, 59, 106, 204, 211, 257, 274, 349, 504-5, 594, 658-59, 686-87, 697, 704, 707.
- Cummins, Ebenezer H., quoted, 397, 404-5.
- Cunningham, John W., quoted, 68-69.
- Curfew, for Negroes, 128, 604;
for children, 254.
- Currency. See Money.
- Curriculum, of subscription schools, 284, 314;
of academies, 284, 316-17;
of colleges, 293-94;
of women's schools, 303-4, 305-6, 325;
of common schools, 315-16;
religious instruction in, 317.
- Currie, Ebenezer B., 380.
- Currituck County, 43, 94, 105, 219-20, 343, 510, 608, 747, 755.
- "Curse of Canaan," justification for slavery, 463-64, 463n.
- Curtis, M. A., 753n.
- Cutting, Leonidas, 33, 334.
- Dancing, country, 48, 148;
in planter's home, 84;
dress at, 86;
frolic, 90, 93;
rope or wire, 139, 148;
on steamboat, 151;
subscription, 142, 156-58;
opposition to, 157-58, 440, 449;
types of, 158-59;
on Capitol Square, 174-75;
at summer resorts, 189;
in education of women, 303;
camp meeting, 396, 399-400;
Morris, 439;
as cause of church discipline, 451;
slaves at Christmas, 552;
at slave marriage, 536;
at slave funeral, 540n;
Kuner, 553;
of slaves at frolics, 554-55, 701;
act of 1794 regulating slaves, 554;
during court week, 614.
- Dancy, John D., 478, 481, 482.
- Daniel, Beverly, 183.
- Daniel, Chesley, 323.
- Daniel, Joseph J., 255-56, 656.
- Daniel, Robert, 355.
- Daniel, R. T., 826.
- Danville Reporter, Va., quoted, 25, 828.
- Davenport Female College, 307.
- David, Negro preacher, 550.
- Davidson, General William, 297.
- Davidson College, 296-98, 301.
- Davidson County, 71, 116-17, 272, 360, 361, 362, 567, 609, 632, 727, 796.
- Davie, William R., 291, 292, 821.
- Davie County, 361n, 567, 733.
- Davies, Samuel, revivalist, 376-77.
- Davis, George, 812.
- Davis, James, dentist, 747.
- Davis, James, printer, 19, 794, 813, 814.
- Davis, William C., 816.
- Day, Aquilla, 585.
- Day, Thomas, free Negro cabinet maker, 585;
manufacturer of Daybed, 607;
owner of slaves, 608.
- Deaf, care of, 269, 711-15.
- Deaf Mute, 804.
- Deans, Daniel, and Methodism, 375.
- Death penalty, 644, 645-46, 651, 652-53, 654, 662, 665.
- Debating societies, 164, 166-67, 168, 318, 439.
Page 914
- Debow, Solomon, 350.
- De Bow's Review, quoted, 543.
- Debt, settlement by church court, 450, 451;
imprisonment for, 654-57.
- DeCarteret, John H., book bindery, 814.
- Deems, Charles F., writer, 445, 802, 804, 816, 826.
- Deists, 369, 403, 427, 765.
- Democracy, movement roward, 72-77.
- Democratic Free Press, 804.
- Democratic Messenger, 772.
- Democratic party, and free suffrage, 35-36;
campaign of 1840, 150;
North Carolina Standard, 770-71;
Wilmington Journal, 772;
newspapers, 787;
North Carolina party stronger than, 828-29.
- Democratic Review, quoted, 74.
- Denison, Mary A., 801.
- Dent, Rev., Episcopal minister, 333.
- Dentistry, 745-47.
- Detargny, Martin, 286, 323.
- Devereux, T. P., 474, 523.
- Devereux, Thomas Pollock, of Raleigh, 85.
- Dialect, example, 103;
influence of Negro nurses on, 252;
benny, 754;
poor white, 824;
See Colloquial and provincial expressions.
- Dialectic Society, 292.
- Diaspora, of Moravian Church, 365.
- Dick, Rev. Thomas, 181 and n.
- Dickson, Alexander, 692.
- Dickson, Dr. J. H., quoted, 720-21, 730, 742.
- Dickson, William, quoted, 224.
- Diet, small farmers, 16, 66, 90;
planters, 84-85;
poor classes, 91;
children, 236;
slaves, 522-23;
slave children, 527;
infants, 741;
effect on teeth, 746.
See Food.
- Directorium and Unity Vorsteher Collegium, 364.
- Disciples of Christ, expansion, 365-68;
number in 1860, 369;
newspapers edited by J. T. Walsh, 802-3.
- Diseases, Ch. XXIV.
- Dismukes, A. H., editor, 767, 768.
- Disorderly house, 659, 667, 670.
- Divorce, petitions for, 202 and n;
legislative control of, 217-18, 219;
acts of 1814 and 1827, 218-19, 223;
separation contracts, 219-20;
causes for tabulated, 220-23;
race mixing as ground, 588-89;
constitutional amendment of 1835, 625.
- Dix, Dorothea L., on jail conditions, 681-82;
on care of poor, 693, 696-97;
on care of insane, 710-11, 712.
- Dix Hill, 713.
- Dixon, Alexander, 265.
- Dobbins, James C., 712-13.
- Dobbins, Mrs. James C., 712.
- Dobbs, Arthur, colonial governor, 358.
- Doctors, number in 1860, 60;
in county seats, 116;
in childbirth, 252, 739, 740;
folk, 739, 747, 754-56;
education of, 289;
Moravian, 364;
employed for care of slaves, 527-28;
slave, 527;
charity work, 700-1;
care of insane, 708;
on tuberculosis, 729-30;
use of smallpox vaccine, 735;
surgery, 743-45;
dentistry, 745-47;
number, 747, 761;
fees, 748-49;
education, 749;
medical therapy, 749-52;
of the cults, 756-57;
fight for medical board, 758-63, 830.
- Dodge, James R., quoted, 643.
- Doherty, W. H., 322.
- Don Quixote Invincibles, 109, 145, 148, 185.
- Donaldson Cotton Factory, 489.
- Do-nothing policy, 23, 31, 37, 673-77.
- Dorcas Society, 163n.
- Doub, William C., 767.
- Dow, Lorenzo, revivalist, 403;
on camp meeting disorders, 407.
- Dower, right of, 241, 621.
- Drane, Robert B., 816.
- Dress, of women, 87-88, 151, 246, 792;
materials, 88;
of men, 89, 90;
at dances, 157;
military, 173;
for ring tournament, 184;
churches disapprove fine clothes, 449;
of slaves, 523-25;
John Canoe, 553;
condemned criminals, 677, 678.
- Drinking, 17, 96, 97, 98;
at dinner, 84-85;
at fire-side, 91;
at corn shucking, 92;
at dances, 93, 159-60;
at country stores, 99;
Fourth of July, 142;
at Christmas, 145;
at funeral, 146;
in campaign of 1840, 150;
increase, 153;
of ministers, 439;
of slaves, 556-59;
legislation to control slaves', 557.
See Drunkenness.
- Droughts, 697-99.
- Drugs and remedies, Ch. XXIV, especially, 752
et seq.
- Drunkenness, frequency, 17, 97-98, 456;
at musters, 103;
at fairs, 106;
in town, 151;
as cause for divorce, 221, 223;
opposition of churches, 346, 449;
at camp meeting, 407;
on Sunday fined, 447;
as cause for church discipline, 450, 451-52, 451n, 454, 458;
of slaves, 553, 556-59;
during court week, 614;
of justices of county court, 634;
punishment, 649;
at public executions, 677-78, 679;
proposal to send to house of correction, 695.
- Dudley, Christopher, 551-52.
- Dudley, Governor Edward B., 24, 177, 272, 586, 660, 669, 670.
- Duels, Spaight-Stanly, 42, 43-44;
Clingman-Yancey, 45;
Wilkings-Flanner, 45;
law against, 44,
as result of horse races, 183;
of courtship, 197, 198-99;
punishment for killing in, 645;
newspaper, 790.
- Duke University, early history, 300-1;
first building described, 310.
- Dunkers, 342, 356n.
- Duplin County, 107, 224, 265, 328, 349, 350, 488, 515-16, 519-20, 550, 556n, 589, 681, 686, 691-92, 693, 697, 722, 755.
- Durham County, 54.
- Dutch, settlers, 9.
- Dwight, Timothy E., 286.
- Dyche's Spelling Book, 814.
- Dying thoughts of Richard Baxter, 815.
- Earl, Daniel, 333-34.
- Easter, John, revivalist, 375.
- Easter Monday, celebration, 111, 180.
- Eclecticism, 575.
- Edenton, academy, 18,
controversy over location of capitol, 32;
Dr. James A. Norcom, 47;
population, 114;
free Negroes, 128, 599-600, 606;
patrol, 129;
fire protection, 133, 134;
entertains Monroe, 141;
coquettes, 198;
religion in, 332;
Thomas Campbell's visit, 367;
female missionary society, 425;
St. Paul's Church, 435;
resident quoted on Sabbath keeping, 447;
plantations, 473;
Negro Methodists, 545;
John Canoe custom, 552-53;
resident offers money for Negro colonization, 570;
district court, 622;
architect, 666;
relief to seamen, 702;
influenza in 1808, 732;
smallpox, 737;
meeting of doctors, 748;
Gazette, 764, 766, 767;
Medical Journal, 799;
North Carolina Baptist Interpreter, 802;
Hodge and Wills printery, 814;
Hugh Williamson, 817;
Dr. Matthias E. Sawyer, 822.
- Edenton Gazette, quoted, 87, 129, 130, 146-47, 215, 331, 407, 556, 699, 729, 764, 766, 767, 768, 781 804, 814.
- Edgecombe County, 53, 54, 98, 106-7, 186, 211, 214, 224, 257, 259-60, 267, 272, 274, 333, 469, 470, 478, 481-82, 495, 515, 549-50, 599, 658-59, 687, 688, 699, 725, 727, 732, 736.
- Edgecombe Farm-Journal, 797.
- Edgeworth Seminary, 175, 307.
- Edinburgh Magazine, quoted, 59.
- Editors, slave interests, 566;
William Boylan, 765;
Gales family, 765-66;
in 1810, 766;
in 1823, 767;
Dennis Heartt, 767-68;
George Howard, 769;
Greensborough Patriot, 769;
Western Carolinian, 769-70, 770n;
Thomas Loring, 770-71;
W. W. Holden, 771;
Carolina Watchman, 771-72;
Wilmington Journal, 772;
news policy, 781-86;
editorial policy, 786-94;
on reading habits of people 804-5.
See Newspapers; Periodicals.
- Edmundson, William, 353 and n, 354.
Page 915
- Education, in colonial period, 18, 265, 285, 296;
attitude toward, 80, 81, 260-72;
polite branches of, 159, 228, 303;
library societies substitution for, 167;
of women, 228, 302-8, 343;
in home, 238 and n;
agitation for free, 260, 262-65;
opposition to, 261-62, 330;
effect on poverty, 263, 264;
methods and curriculum, 309-30;
ministerial, 362, 440-42;
of slave forbidden, 498;
bill of 1800 on slave, 500;
of slaves, 541-43, 559;
of free Negroes, 610;
of apprentices, 705-6;
of deaf and blind, 714-16;
medical, 749.
See Public Schools, Subscription schools, Academies, Colleges, University of North Carolina.
- Edwards, Morgan, visit, 372, 373.
- Edwards' History of Redemption, 441.
- Elections, country stores polling places for, 98;
described, 104-5;
city, 124-25, 148, 149;
congregating of slaves at, 551.
- Elizabeth City, Sawyer's letter on electioneering, 105;
population, 114, 583;
courthouse, 139;
court week, 148;
dances, 159;
Dorcas Society, 163;
Episcopal parochial school, 425;
suit against Methodist minister, 430;
insurrection of 1802, 510;
Negro trader ridden on rail, 534;
Episcopal Negro congregation, 547;
free Negroes, 583, 606;
courtyard cleared, 614;
yellow fever of 1810, 729;
Asiatic cholera, 730-31;
newspapers, 766, 767, 768-69;
Herald of the Times, 799,
Star in the East, 804.
- Elizabeth City Gazette, 766.
- Elizabeth City Star, 767, 768-69.
- Ellenwood, H. S., poet, 825.
- Ellis, Governor John W., 307.
- Elm City Cadets, 129.
- Emancipation, of slaves, Christianity as reason, 458 and n;
Quaker position, 459-61;
churches on gradual, 459, 467;
unconditional, 461;
in North, 472;
legal effect of, on slave marriages, 537;
early views on, 561-63;
Minerva on gradual, 562;
Burgwyn on effects of English, 565;
effect of theory of natural rights on, 562, 593;
Helper's call for, 568;
colonial laws on, 593;
act of 1795, 593-94;
jurisdiction of county courts over, 594;
by legislative act, 595;
jurisdiction of superior courts, 595-96;
by will, deed, or trust, 596-97;
provision for by John Craven, 596-97;
quasi-slavery void, 597;
petitions from free Negroes, 607-8.
- Emerald, 797.
- Emigration, of farmers, 3;
drain on population, 21;
discussed, 38-41;
North Carolinians living outside State tabulated, 40;
B. S. Hedrick on, 567;
west-ward movement, 827.
See Migration.
- Emmons, Ebenezer, 525-26.
- Empie, Adam, Episcopal minister, 335.
- Engagement, marriage, 192, 198, 199-202.
- English, Mary, 693.
- Epidemics, and creation of boards of health, 127;
Ch. XXIV;
fever of 1842, 727;
fever of 1846-47, 727-28.
See Diseases.
- Episcopal Church. See Protestant Episcopal Church.
- Equity court. See Court System.
- Ergot, use in childbirth, 740.
- Erwin, Dr. J. S., 760.
- Etheridge, William, 43.
- Etiquette, of duel, 42, 45;
social niceties of, 53, 192;
in Raleigh, 62;
described, 64;
of petty officeholders, 65;
southern, 83-85;
of balls, 156-57, 157n;
of formal letter, 196.
- Evangelical Lutheran Synod of North Carolina, organization, 359;
expansion, 360-62;
bounds, 361n;
mission work, 414;
Sunday school work, 419-20;
declines union with Protestant Episcopal Convention, 431;
ministers, 441;
church councils, 448;
position on intemperance, 457;
position on slavery, 466;
resolution of 1814 on Negroes, 546.
See Lutherans.
- Evangelical Museum, publication, 802.
- Evans, C. N. B., editor, 769.
- Evans, Henry, free Negro, 344-45, 549.
- Everett, Edward, visit, 141.
- Evergreen, publication, 798.
- Excursions, week-end, 84-85;
boat, 151.
- Executions, public, 174, 677-79.
- Extra-marital relations, children born prior to marriage, 209-10, 209n;
bastardy cases, 210-12;
laws on, 212-15.
- Factories, employees, 66;
location, 98-99;
cotton, 99, 117, 247;
Fayetteville, 136;
candle and soap, 233;
white girls in, 247;
children in, 247;
slave labor, 489.
See Mills.
- Faddis, John, 533, 534, 746.
- Fairs, 106-9, 185, 702.
- Falkner, Sarah, 306.
- Falkner Boarding School, 247, 305-6, 306-7.
- Family, size of, 58, 69, 251-52;
discipline, 193, 253-55;
the dwelling, 224-28;
the ante-bellum woman, 228-31;
housewifery, 231-38;
woman's legal status, 238-45;
woman as wage earner, 245-50;
status of children, 250-58;
religious worship, 349, 353;
of slaves, 535-41;
slaves attend family prayers, 547;
medical practices, 747, 752.
- Family Vister, 803.
- Farmers, number tabulated, 57;
social position, 58, 65-67;
number in legislature, 63;
dress of, 86, 88, 90;
recreation, 90-109, 113;
sports, 109-13;
position on slavery, 561, 567;
Helper on effect of slavery, 567-68;
opposed to reform, 627;
use of almanac, 718.
See Farms;
Yeomanry.
- Farmers' Advocate, publication, 796.
- Farmer's Advocate and Miscellaneous Reporter, 796 and n.
- Farmer's and Planter's Almanac, Salem, 811, 825.
- Farmers' Journal, quoted, 77, 475, 478, 479, 484, 485, 486-87, 490, 495, 506, 522, 523, 526, 796-97.
- Farmers' Register, 796, 827.
- Farmers' Reporter and Rural Repository, 796.
- Farmers' School, 290.
- Farms, region of small, 53;
economy, 54, 65-66, 81;
size tabulated, 54;
cash value of average, 55;
100-acre gifts proposed, 55;
described, 66;
recreation on, 90-95;
in connection with poor houses, 694-95;
apprentices on, 705.
- Farrand, Stephen Lee, 177.
- Farrow, John, 219, 220.
- Farrow, Rebekah, 219, 220.
- Fayetteville, Cape Fear navigable to, 5;
Scotch settle, 11;
plank roads, 26;
roads to impassable, 27;
mail service, 29 and n;
telegraph, 30;
feud over capital, 32;
fortune teller, 50;
population, 114, 117, 583;
location, 115-16;
growth of, 117-18;
described, 121;
board of health, 127;
free Negroes, 128, 583, 599-600, 606;
street repair, 131-132;
fire protection, 132, 133, 134, 136;
wagoners' camp described, 137;
market house, 138;
Lafayette's visit, 140;
boat excursion, 151;
hotels, 152 and n;
shop talk, 154;
lodge, 156;
dance 157n, 159;
St. John's Church, 163, 266, 425, 435-36;
Female Orphan Asylum, 163-64, 266;
Female Society of Industry, 163-64, 702;
reading room, 164;
library organizations, 166n;
Lyceum Association, 167;
temperance society, 170;
mechanics association, 174;
theatrical society, 177;
public entertainments, 178-79;
gambling, 187;
concealment of childbirth, 212-13;
houses on road, 224;
candle factory, 233;
shops, 247;
academy, 285, 292, 309-10;
infant school, 290-91;
Presbyterian church, 292;
Methodist Church, 344,
420, 545;
North Carolina Presbyterian, 352;
revival, 384;
Bible Society station, 417;
Hay Street Sunday School, 421;
female missionary society, 425;
church quarrel, 432;
slave prices in 1859, 476;
advertisement for runaway, 493;
and conspiracy of 1831, 519-20;
African Episcopal Congregation, 547;
white sentenced for kidnaping free Negro, 597;
petition for free Negroes, 599;
free Negro vote in municipal elections, 604;
free Negro barber, 607;
free Negro school, 610;
district court, 622;
county seat town, 657n;
controversy over location of penitentiary, 664, 669;
Page 916
contribution to poor of Europe, 698;
health ordinances, 720-21;
introduction of smallpox vaccine, 735;
dentists, 747;
newspapers, 765, 766;
Observer, 767, 768;
religious papers, 794-95, 801-2;
Mrs. Mary Ayer Miller, 826.
- Fayetteville Academy, 287, 292, 304, 307, 309-10.
- Fayetteville Carolinian, 566.
- Fayetteville Communicator, 804.
- Fayetteville Courier, 774.
- Fayetteville Female Society of Industry, 163-64, 702.
- Fayetteville Intelligencer, 766.
- Fayetteville Minerva. See Minerva.
- Fayetteville Observer, quoted, 20, 30, 44, 46, 54, 59, 65, 67, 131-32, 133, 163-64, 167, 179, 185, 187, 389, 394, 514-15, 519-20, 562, 570, 577, 581, 672, 673, 675, 727-28, 732, 788-89, 793, 795n, 823, 828-29;
publication, 770;
local news, 782;
scoop on foreign news, 784;
dependence on northern newspapers, 784;
length of publication, 804, 809;
business policy, 806;
low advertising rates, 807-8;
printery and book shop. 814.
- Fayetteville Presbytery, 351, 382, 412, 816.
- Featherstonhaugh, G. W., 472-73.
- Federalists, on public education, 260;
and University of North Carolina, 295;
Minerva organ of, 765;
and Star, 767;
newspapers, 787.
- Felton, Boon, 759.
- Femme Covert, 243n.
- Fenner, Richard, president North Carolina Medica Society, 758.
- Ferries, 26-27, 32.
- Fertilizer. See Agriculture.
- Fevers, infantile, 251;
full discussion, Ch. XXIV.
- Field, David Dudley, 613.
- Fighting, described, 17;
in ante-bellum period, 42-43, 43n;
at musters, 102-3;
at public gatherings, 148;
at public executions, 678.
- Fillmore, President Millard, 141.
- Fire companies and engines, 127, 132-35, 139.
- Fireplaces, of tavern described, 96;
kitchen, 226, 227;
earth hearth, 310;
schoolhouse, 312.
- Fisher, Charles, 177.
- Fisher, Charles F., 168, 770 and n, 775.
- Fisher, E. C., 713.
- Fisher, George, quoted, 664.
- Fisheries, 66, 94, 95, 489.
- Fisher's River Scenes, 103, 617, 629, 824.
- Flanner, Joseph H., 45.
- Fleming, Samuel, 47.
- Flat River Association, Baptist, 340n, 385, 455, 457.
- Fleming, Samuel, 47.
- Folk-doctors, medicine in hands of, 717, 747;
surgery, 743;
prevalence, 755-56;
effect on medical therapy, 762.
- Food, supplied hired hands, 71;
at dinner party, 84-85, 90, 91, 161n;
at corn shucking, 91, 92;
at tea, 160;
at temperance meetings, 172;
at band concert, 174;
at slave wedding, 536.
See Diet.
- Foote, Rev. William Henry, quoted, 146, 353;
Sketches of North Carolina, 816.
- Forbes, E. M., 548.
- Forbis, John, 406.
- Forgery, punishment, 648;
frequency, 659, 660;
prosecutions and convictions, 667;
a sentence for in Beaufort County, 671.
- Fornication and adultery, frequency, 657, 658, 659, 660;
prosecutions and convictions, 667, 670.
- Forster, Anthony, Sermons, 816.
- Forsyth County, 12, 125, 323, 575-76, 776.
- Fory, Mrs. E. Delancy, 798.
- Fothergill, Samuel, quoted, 458.
- Fourth of July, celebration of, 97, 100, 104, 140, 142-43, 172, 173, 174, 270.
- Fox, George, 354.
- Franchise, property qualifications, 35-36;
free Negro's right to, 601-4;
free Negro voters in towns, 602, 604;
Constitutional Amendment against free Negro, 603.
- Francis, Michael, 249n.
- Franklin, N. C., 62.
- Franklin County, 5, 470, 697-98, 792.
- Free labor, in West, 33;
competition with Negro labor, 71-72, 72n, 174;
Burgwyn's use on plantation, 486;
Negro fishermen compete with whites, 556;
attitude on slavery, 561, 567;
best for development of country, 562;
of Raleigh opposed to free Negroes, 586, 587.
See Labor.
- Free love, 458, 464.
- Free Negroes, in colonial period, 10;
road work, 27;
social status, 59, 582;
competition with white laborers, 71-72, 174;
town regulation of, 128-29;
distribution of population, 276n, 582-84;
Henry Evans, 344, 549, 608;
kidnaping, 461, 597, 646; benefit of clergy, 500;
legal marriage required of, 537;
abolition literature in possession, 550;
dancing, 554;
gambling with slaves forbidden, 557;
petitions and legislation on sale of liquor by, 557;
and colonization movement, 570-72;
reaction against abolition felt most by, 577;
of Wilmington whipped, 577-78;
agitation for removal, 578, 581;
full discussion, Ch. XX, 582-612;
children of, 703, 705.
- Free schools, colonial legislation, 259;
agitation for 260-65;
early, 265-66.
See Public Schools.
- Free Will Baptists, 362, 367.
- Freedom of speech, 42, 45-46;
bill of 1800 against, 500;
incendiary speech, 518, 574, 577;
expulsion of B. S. Hedrick, 566-67;
arrest and persecution of abolitionists, 574-80.
- Freeland Lodge No. 33, 101.
- Freeman, George W., 158, 286.
- Freeman, J. O., 325.
- Freeman, Ralph, 608-9.
- Freemen's Echo, 768.
- Frémont, John C., 567.
- French, settlers, 8, 9.
- Friedberg, settlement, 364.
- Friedland, settlement, 364.
- Friends, Society of, New Garden Boarding School, 301-2;
discussed, 353-58;
branches of, 357n;
number in 1860, 369;
conduct forbidden members, 449, 454;
slaveholding prior to 1776, 458;
resolution of 1776 on emancipation, 459-60;
emancipation plan of 1806, 460-61;
manumission societies, 461-62;
relation to colonization movement, 462.
See Quakers.
- Frolics, dance, 90, 93;
Saturday night, 93, 153;
drinking, 97;
of slaves for the dead, 540;
of slaves, 554.
- Fuller, Bartholomew, 803.
- Fuller, Richard, debate with Wayland on slavery, 463n.
- Fulton, David, 772, 823-24.
- Fulton, James, 772, 773-74, 782, 823-24.
- Fulwood, William, 383.
- Funeral customs, described, 145-48;
Presbyterian Synod disapproves liquor at funerals, 454-55;
slave, 496, 540-41;
plays for dead, 540n.
- Furniture, of poor whites, 72;
of country tavern, 96;
tea tables, 160;
of mansions, 226;
of middle class, 227;
of slave cabin, 525;
slaves buy, 529;
bathing equipment, 718.
- Gaelic language, 12, 349 and n.
- Gales, Joseph, 44, 286, 331, 562, 569, 610, 661, 714, 765-66, 775, 768, 773, 774, 775, 783-84, 786, 790, 792, 793-94, 814, 816, 822, 826.
See Raleigh Register.
- Gales, Joseph, Jr., 783-84.
- Gales, Mrs. Joseph, 814, 824.
- Gales, Seaton, 766, 773, 785.
- Gales, Weston R., 586, 766, 786, 790.
- Gales' Almanack, 742, 811.
- Gambling, in county towns, 117;
town ordinances against, 127;
discussed, 186-87;
as cause of church discipline, 451;
forbidden to slaves, 498, 557;
Supreme Court on gambling with slaves, 557;
free Negroes forbidden with slaves, 601;
jurisdiction of magistrate's court over, 618;
at public executions, 678.
Page 917
- Games, muggins, 95;
long balls, 128;
all fours, seven up, and muggins, 95 and n;
quoits, 99;
marbles, 99, 254;
long bullets, 109, 111;
cambuc, 110;
ten pins, 128;
A. B. C., faro bank, E. O., 186-87;
backgammon and billiards, 187;
regulation of childrens', 254;
bowling, 490;
dice forbidden slaves, 498;
slaves at fish trap, 556.
See Sports;
Card playing;
Bandy.
- Gander pulling, 109, 111-112, 184n.
- Gano, John, 337.
- Gardens, Hillsboro, 120;
Raleigh, 121;
plantation vegetable, 227;
housewife's, 235;
slave, 530.
- Garrison, William Lloyd, 573.
- Gash, Mary, 751.
- Gash, Mary A., 284.
- "Gaston," quoted, 627.
- Gaston, William, 200, 368, 427, 428, 460, 503-4, 813, 820, 821;
quoted, 563, 603, 604, 626, 631, 637, 639, 655, 656, 812, 825.
- Gaston County, 368, 632, 633.
- Gates County, 391, 671.
- Gay, James, poet, 826.
- Gentry, in colonial period, 16, 18;
and duelling, 42;
discussed, 58-63;
attitude toward labor, 66-67, 77-79;
in politics, 75-77, 149;
"ruffled shirt," 75, 89, 267;
dress, 88, 89, 157;
in town government, 123-25;
dances of, 142, 158-59;
at cockfights, 180;
courtship, 223;
use of Negro nurses, 252;
religion, 353, 406;
Sunday schools, 420;
influence upon newspaper policy, 781.
See Upper classes;
Planters.
- Georgia, 8, 40, 42, 189, 388, 415, 468, 469, 506-7, 562.
- German language, 12, 358, 361, 365.
- German Presbyterian Church, 362, 415.
See German Reformed Church.
- German Reformed Church, members in Piedmont, 12, 358;
number in 1860, 369;
camp meeting, 410;
mission work, 414-15;
churches, 430 and n;
Great Revival, 431;
ministers, 441.
- German Reformed Synod, missionaries, 362;
separation from, 363.
- Germans, as settlers, 8, 9, 10, 12, 33, 65;
quoted, 89;
and education, 284-85.
- Germantown, election day, 149.
- Gibbon, J. H., cited, 463.
- Gibbs, Dr. Robert W., 527, 528, 530.
- Giles, John, 177.
- Giles, John, 603.
- Gillespie, John, 382.
- Gilmer, John A., 576, 577.
- Gilmore, William, 513.
- Glendinning, William, 346, 815.
- Goldsboro, railroad, 25, 26;
Baptist Church, 342;
dentists, 747;
newspaper, 774.
- Goldsboro Telegraph, 566.
- Goldsborough Patriot, 566, 791.
- Golf, relation to bandy, 110.
- Goneke, Mr., music teacher, 175, 326.
- Goode, Trueman, free Negro, 539.
- Goodloe, Daniel Reaves, 568-69, 823.
- Gordon, William, 354.
- Gorman, Alexander M., 797, 803.
- Gouging, described, 17;
law against, 42;
at muster, 104.
- Graham, E. F., 200-2.
- Graham, Isabella, 248.
- Graham, Joseph, 664.
- Graham, William, 378.
- Graham, Governor William A., quoted, 21, 144, 274, 635, 638, 642, 715;
as orator, 813.
- Grant, James, 287.
- Grant, James, Jr., 317.
- Granville County, 5, 56n, 289, 290, 334, 374, 379, 385, 417, 469, 473, 482, 484, 610, 620, 697-98, 710, 724-25.
- Graves, Elijah, 290.
- Gray, Robert, 327.
- Great Awakening, 338;
influence in North Carolina, 372-73, 375, 376, 377, 396.
- Great Revival, effect on Baptists, 340, 385-88;
Methodists, 346, 382-85, 390;
among Presbyterians, 351, 377-82;
Lutherans, 361, 409;
antecedants, 371-77;
later cycles, 388-90;
encampments, 390-91;
methods, 394-96;
extravagances, 396-402;
psychology, 402-6;
disorders, 406-8;
influence, 409, 446, 453;
interdenominational, 431;
conversion of slaves, 543;
effect on slavery, 560-61.
- Green, Charles P., 790.
- Green, James, S., 177.
- Green, Thomas Jefferson, 822-23.
- Green, W. M., 424, 547.
- Green, Bishop William M., 177.
- Greene, General Nathanael, 19.
- Greene County, 388-89, 408, 470.
- Greensboro, railroad, 26;
postal service, 28, 29;
described, 80, 121;
library society, 166;
glee club, 175;
shops, 247;
Calvin H. Wiley, 277, 278;
Log College, 285;
music teachers, 290;
schools, 307, 317;
John C. Wharton, 312;
Baptist church, 342;
revival of 1842, 389;
excitement over McBride-Crooks episode, 576;
trial of Daniel Worth, 580;
Patriot, 768, 769;
Journal of Education, 799;
Weekly Message, 802.
- Greensboro Female College, 307.
- Greensboro Times, 52, 779, 801.
- Greensborough Patriot, quoted, 40, 108, 389, 462, 565-66, 661, 672, 759n;
publication, 768, 769, 770, 804, 809;
wit, 823.
- Greenville, N. C., 307, 324, 341.
- Greenville, S. C., 26, 383.
- Greenville and Roanoke Railroad, 25.
- Greenville Female Academy, 307.
- Greenville Male Academy, 324.
- Gregory School for Young Ladies, 307.
- Grellet, Stephen, 562-63.
- Griffin, Charles, 18.
- Grimké, Sarah and Angelina, 248.
- Grog shops, 119, 151-53, 254, 490, 557.
- Grove, the, plantation, 106.
- Grove, William Barry, 181n, 813n.
- Guilford College, establishment, 301-2, 357n, 358;
Yearly Meeting held at, 357n.
- Guilford County, 95, 107, 108, 153, 166n, 169, 278, 307, 338, 347, 350, 355, 356, 360, 361n, 362, 379, 417, 420, 429, 461, 575-77, 580, 682, 696, 699, 727, 759.
- Guion's Hotel, Raleigh, 152.
- Gully, Mr., description of farm, 66.
- Gunn, John C., 719, 729-30, 741.
- Gurley, Joseph, Episcopal minister, 333.
- Gurney, J. J., 357n, 473-74
- Hale, Edward J., quoted, 44, 59, 67, 163-64, 190, 628, 673, 788-89.
See Fayetteville Observer.
- Hale, Edward J., Jr., 768.
- Hale, Peter M., 768.
- Halifax, newspapers, 19, 764, 766, 768;
Lodge, 156;
tea party, 160;
theatrical society, 175;
races, 182;
Episcopal minister, 333;
insurrection of 1802, 513;
district court, 622;
bill to include in prison bounds, 655;
Abraham Hodge printery, 814.
- Halifax Compiler, 766, 777-78.
- Halifax County, 5, 20, 46, 172, 306, 374, 469, 470, 474-75, 485-86, 494, 503, 555-56, 574n, 582, 601, 655, 694, 697-98, 747.
- Halifax Journal, 46.
- Halifax Minerva, 768.
- Hall, A. J. N., 283.
- Hall, Capt. Basil, quoted, 152, 552.
- Hall, Clement, 814.
- Hall, Rev. James, 169, 377-78, 381n, 382, 383, 401, 416, 438-39, 455.
- Hall, James, 631.
- Hall, John, 626.
- Hall, W. S., book binder, 815.
Page 918
- Hall and Bryan, printers, 766.
- Halling, Solomon, 333.
- Ham, Anna, 706.
- Hamilton, Horatio, of Salem, 675.
- Hamilton, Robert A., 108.
- Hammond, Jack, mulatto slave, 495.
- Hampden-Sydney College, 378.
- Hampton, Joseph W., 770n.
- Hancock, Susan J., poet, 826.
- Hanging, described, 677-78.
- Hannah More Female Academy, 307.
- Hanner, A. E., 769.
- Happoldt, Dr. J. M., 744.
- Harbinger, 795, 801, 819.
- Hardie, H., bathing rooms, 719.
- Hardy, Dr, J. F. E., 749, 751.
- Hargis, L. V., 535-36.
- Harman, Elder, Hezekiah, 445.
- Harman, Joseph, tavern, 180.
- Harnett, Cornelius, 818, 821.
- Harnett, Mrs. Cornelius, 245, 246.
- Harper's Monthly Magazine, 824.
- Harris, Dr. Charles, 749.
- Harris, Charles Wilson, 292.
- Harris, Samuel, 373.
- Hart, Josiah, 337.
- Harvard University, 749.
- Harvey, Thomas, 265.
- Hasell and Magrath, printers, 766.
- Haskins, Major, 605.
- Hathaway, W. B., quoted, 495, 733.
- Hawfields, Presbyterians, 350;
Henry Pattillo, pastor, 377, 543;
revival, 379, 380, 381;
tombstones for slaves, 540n.
- Hawkins, Benjamin, 248.
- Hawkins, Mrs., 248-49.
- Hawks, Francis L., 820.
- Hawley, Francis, quoted, 438.
- Hayes plantation, 19.
- Hayne, Paul Hamilton, 827.
- Hayne, William, 252.
- Haywood, Dr. F. J., 745.
- Haywood, John, 534.
- Haywood, John, The Duty and Office of Justice of Peace, 814.
- Haywood, Sherwood, 586.
- Haywood, Thomas B., 291.
- Haywood, N. C., 29, 118.
- Haywood County, 26, 747.
- Hazel, Roger, 549.
- Health, of women, 80, 88, 157-58, 230;
town control of, 126, 127;
boards, 127;
city ditches and, 131, 720-21;
of slaves, 527-29;
call for enforcement of town ordinances, 720-21,
See Sanitation and Health.
- Health resorts. See Summer resorts.
- Heartt, Dennis, 561, 767-68, 771, 782, 792-93, 801, 814, 906.
- Heartt, Edwin A., 768.
- Heath, Mary, 692.
- Hedrick, B. S., 566-67, 579, 797.
- Heflin, R. T., 802.
- Helme, Dr. R. H., quoted, 562.
- Helper, Hinton Rowan, 78, 567-68, 823.
- Henderson, population, 114.
- Henderson, Eliza, 155.
- Henderson, Dr. James M., 155.
- Henderson, Jane, 247.
- Henderson, John Lawson, 177.
- Henderson, Leonard, 256, 288, 626, 647.
- Henderson, Lovedy, 608.
- Henderson, Philo, poet, 825.
- Henderson, Thomas, 181, 766-67.
- Henderson County, 632, 633.
- Henderson's Almanac, 718-19, 811.
- Hendersonville, population, 114;
smallpox, 737;
Carolina Baptist, 803.
- Henkel, David, 360, 816.
- Henkel, Paul, 359, 816.
- Henkel, Philip, 360.
- Henry, Jacob, 427.
- Henry, L. D., 157n.
- Hentz, Caroline, author, 824.
- Herald of the Times, 799.
- Herb doctors. See Medical botany.
- Herring, Benjamin, 328.
- Hertford, 354.
- Hertford County, 333, 387, 407, 470n, 485, 507, 511, 534, 571, 582, 601, 731-32, 759.
- Hicksite movement, 357 and n.
- High schools, 314 and n;
Clemonsville, 300;
discussed, 314 and n. 317-18.
See Education.
- Highways, state-aid, 26.
See Roads.
- Hill, Charles A., 270, 323.
- Hill, D. H., 290.
- Hill, Frederick, 108.
- Hill, Frederick J., 272.
- Hill, Green, 343, 442.
- Hill, Theophilus H., poet, 826.
- Hill, Colonel William L., 514.
- Hill, Dr. William B., 758.
- Hill, Dr. William G., 760.
- Hilliard, Dr. William Lewis, 749.
- Hillsboro, location, 115;
described, 120-21,
free protection needed, 134;
Fourth of July celebration, 142-43;
public barbecue, 149;
petition against grog shops, 153;
rowdies, 162;
library society, 166n;
races, 182;
candle supply, 233;
Archibald D. Murphey, 268;
academies, 285, 307;
law school, 288;
military school, 289, 290;
music school, 290;
Female Academy, 307-10;
Academy, 323, 326;
Sunday school, 421;
church, 430, 435;
Ruffin representative in Legislature, 500;
district court, 622;
Tatom's agitation for penitentiary, 661-64;
support of penitentiary bill, 665,
summer resort, 726;
Dr. Edmund Strudwick, 745;
dentist, 746;
Dr. Walter A. Norwood, 755;
Recorder, 767-68.
- Hillsborough Recorder, quoted, 27, 134, 157-58, 252-53, 290, 533, 561, 565, 566, 661, 672, 679, 746, 767, 775, 783, 786, 792-93;
length of publication, 804;
printery, 814.
- Hinton, Joseph B., quoted, 264, 572-73.
- Hodge, Abraham, editor, 765, 814.
- Hodge, William, revivalist, 379, 380.
- Hodge and Wills, printers, 814.
- Hodges, W. B., 149.
- Hodgson, Adam, 526, 540.
- Hog raising, 53, 72, 96, 126, 129-30, 531.
- Holden, William Woods, 47, 74-75, 77-78, 314, 328, 566, 770-71, 775, 782, 789-90.
- Holidays, drunkenness on, 97, 153;
congregating at country stores, 98;
musters, 102-3;
Easter Monday, 111;
public, 113;
Fourth of July, 142-43;
Thanksgiving Day, 144;
Christmas, 145;
slave, 550-54.
- Holmes, Dr. L. L., quoted, 730.
- Holmes, Governor Gabriel, quoted, 562, 714.
- Holmes, Owen, quoted, 606.
- Homespun, use for dress materials, 88;
scarcity of, 89;
suit described, 90;
coverlets, 108;
for Negro clothes, 524;
towels, 718.
- Homestead, provision of, for femme covert, 240-41;
exemption from seizure for debt, 657;
for poor proposed, 691.
- Hookworm, prevalence, 73.
- Hooper, Johnson Jones, 824.
- Hooper, William, quoted, 253, 326-27, 313, 646n, 810;
'Tis Fifty Years Since, 812.
- Hope, settlement, 364.
- Hopewell Academy, 170.
- Horn, Dr. Josiah R., 170.
- Hornet's Nest, 566.
- Horniblow, James, 206.
- Horse racing, in colonial period, 17;
at country stores, 99;
rural sport, 109;
amateur, 112-13;
discussed, 181-83.
- Horton, Moses, Negro poet, 826.
- Hospitality, planter, 82-86;
farmer, 90-91;
country merchant, 99;
glass of, 439.
Page 919
- Hospitals, for slaves, 527-28;
Rex legacy for Raleigh, 700;
marine proposed, 701 and n;
erection of State Asylum for insane, 712-13;
Jones for inoculation for smallpox, 735;
lack of, 743;
use of doctors' homes, 744;
in Beaufort, 744;
eye infirmary, 744n.
- Hostler, Joseph, 607.
- Hotels, in Raleigh, 152 and n;
description of Lafayette, 152;
operated by women, 246;
special schools taught at, 291.
See Taverns.
- House of Correction, 673, 695, 700.
- Houses, tar burners' huts, 13;
of Wilmington, 16;
log cabins, 20, 224, 225;
middle class, 63, 64;
poor whites, 68, 72;
mansions, 116, 121, 225-26;
in 1800, 118;
brick, 120, 121, 224;
frame, 121, 122, 132, 227;
earth floors, 434;
inconveniences of, 718-19;
location, 720, 723.
- Howard, George, editor, 769.
- Howard, George, Jr., editor, 769.
- Howell, R. B. C., Baptist writer, 816.
- Howell, Sarah, and Methodists, 375.
- Hubbard, F. M., 821, 822.
- Hudson, Thomas, 494.
- Hudson, Thomas, 554.
- Hughes, slave gambler, 557.
- Hughes, William, 693.
- Hulton, James, 363.
- Humanitarian reforms, 21, 37;
movement, 74, 168, 682, 691;
leaders of, 714.
See Reform movements.
- Humor. See Wit.
- Hunnicutt, James W., 368.
- Hunt, Thomas P., 170, 171, 456.
- Hunter, Benjamin B., 46.
- Hunter, Isaac, 586, 587, 596.
- Hunting, by poor whites, 68, 72;
on plantation, 85-86;
on farm, 94, 95;
of slaves, 555-56, 556n.
- Huntsville, fair, 106;
Disciples of Christ, 368.
- Hybart, T. L., 157n.
- Hyco Female Cent Society, 425.
- Hyde County, election described, 149;
school system, 276;
swamps, 722.
- Idiots, condition and care, of 621, 690, 703, 709 712, 713.
- Illegitimacy, children apprenticed, 17;
discussed, 209-12, 223;
laws concerning, 213-15;
penalty for concealing birth, 651.
- Illiteracy, in colonial period, 18, 19;
in 1850, 21, 30, 805;
in Edgecombe County, 259-60;
estimated, 267;
bulk of people unreading, 810.
- Immigration, North Carolina unaffected, 52n;
legislation against free Negroes, 584;
act of 1826 against free Negro, 584-85, 585n, 600.
- Impending Crisis of the South, 568, 580.
- Incendiary publication and language, 500, 518, 568, 574-580, 622, 652.
- Incest, 216 and n, 222.
- Indenture, 11, 17, 58, 683, 703-4.
See Apprentice system.
- Independent, Raleigh, 771.
- Indian Queen tavern, Raleigh, 152.
- Indian Woods plantation, 479, 528-29, 530.
- Indians, in colonial North Carolina, 8;
influence on colony, 9;
population in 1860, 10;
witchcraft, 48;
man hunting for hidden gold, 49;
whites forbidden to marry, 590;
cult of medicine derived from, 753, 757;
Murphey's notes, 819.
- Industries, rural, 22;
turpentine, 53 and n;
hand weaving, 88, 237, 245-46;
household, 108;
effect on of lack of seaport, 115;
brickmaking, 168,
297;
Moravian, 364;
amount of money invested, 829.
See Mills;
Factories.
- Infant care, use of liquor, 97;
of whites, 235-36, 238;
effect of nurses on, 252-53;
slave, 527;
diet, 741;
diseases, 741-43.
- Infanticide, 213;
race mixing and, 589.
- Ingole, Joel, 803.
- Ingram, Simon and Ann, 706.
- Innes, James, school legacy, 265.
- Innes Academy, 177, 265.
- Innkeepers, licensed for retailing liquor, 96-97, 126;
unlawful to permit gambling, 186;
women, 246;
forbidden to sell liquor to slaves, 558.
- Inoculation, 734-35.
- Insane, power of county court to appoint guardian, 621;
family care of, 709-10;
in jails and poor-houses, 710-11;
movement for state hospital, 711-12;
establishment of hospital, 712-13.
- Insurrections, alarm over Santo Domingo, 471;
alarm over Nat Turner, 499, 500;
act of 1802, 517-18;
acts against inciting slaves, 518, 574;
Nat Turner, 519;
hysteria over, 519-20;
arrests and trials for inciting slaves, 575-80;
jurisdiction of county courts over, 622;
inciting subject to death penalty on second offense, 652.
See Slave Conspiracy;
Militia.
- Intemperance. See Drinking.
- Internal improvements, 5, 8, 22n;
state aid, 23-26;
convention, 31, 40;
agitation for, 37-38;
people unconcerned, 80;
effect on towns, 117-119;
Murphey's program, 268;
proposal to erect asylums from funds of, 711;
influence of movement on press, 795-96.
- Iredell, James, 288-89, 406, 561, 585, 711, 814, 821.
- Iredell County, 53, 107, 166n, 169, 172, 360, 361n, 366, 382, 383, 417, 438-39, 455, 552, 589, 696.
- Irish, the, 9, 10, 486, 565.
- Irving, Thomas P., 316.
- Irving, Washington, 818.
- Ives, Bishop Levi Silliman, 335-36, 547, 548.
- Jackson, Andrew, 145, 564, 787.
- Jackson, Micajah, 597.
- Jackson County Court, 615.
- Jails, insufficiency in 1804, 500;
full of Negroes in 1802, 510-11;
suffering of Daniel Worth, 580;
bill to convert into houses of correction, 673;
bad condition, 680;
description in 1818, 680-81;
Dix report, 681-82;
confinement of insane in, 709 710.
- James, Frederick, 607.
- Jamestown, N. C., 796.
- Jamestown Female Seminary, 307.
- Janson, Charles William, quoted, 370.
- Jarratt, Devereux, 334 and n, 344, 346, 373-74.
- Jarrott, slave kills white boy, 557.
- Jefferson, Thomas, 143, 145, 818.
- Jefferson Medical College, 749.
- Jeffersonian Republicans, 104, 765.
- Jeffreys, George W., 796, 822.
- Jenkins, James, 403, 545;
quoted, 384, 385, 391 401, 406-7, 408, 540, 549.
- Jenner, Edward, 722, 734, 762.
- Jews, in North Carolina, 369, 427, 429.
- Jockey clubs, 181-82, 183.
- John Canoe, custom, at Christmas, 145n;
in Edenton, 552-53;
song, 553.
- Johnson, Dr. Charles E., 723-24, 727-28, 760, 812
- Johnson, James C., 523.
- Johnson, L. B., 291.
- Johnson, Richard Mentor, 788-89.
- Johnson, William M., 803.
- Johnston, Governor Gabriel, 11, 333.
- Johnston, Lewis, 706.
- Johnston, Polydon, 608.
- Johnston, Governor Samuel, 19, 334, 821.
- Johnston, Stephen, 334.
- Johnston County, 513, 514, 561, 627, 697-98, 699.
- Jones, Britton, free Negro, 585.
- Jones, Cadwallader, 149, 685.
- Jones, Calvin, 165, 267, 298, 500, 600, 734-35, 758, 766-67.
- Jones, Carter, 289.
- Jones, C. C., 464, 544.
- Jones, Delia W., 304-5.
- Jones, Enoch, revivalist, 391.
- Jones, Hamilton C., 541, 771-72, 823.
- Jones, H. Jefferson, editor, 770n.
- Jones, Joseph Seawell, 818.
- Jones, Nathaniel, 560.
Page 920
- Jones, Thomas P., 304.
- Jones, W. W., 585.
- Jones, William, 142.
- Jones, William Watts, 664.
- Jones, Willie, 82.
- Jones County, 470 and n.
- Jordan, D., Jr., 157n.
- Journalism, development of headline, 778;
news style, 781;
differentiation between news and opinion, 786;
periodical press as phase of, 794;
causes of "low state," 804-5, 808-9.
See Newspapers; Periodicals.
- Joyner, Robert, 46.
- Judd, Bethel, 335.
- Judges, 620-43.
- Judiciary reform. See Court system.
- Jurden, Dr., folk doctor, 755.
- Jury, ministers want exemption, 429-30;
composed of slaveholders at trial of slave, 500;
free Negroes have trial by, 601;
power of county court to call, 620-21;
county court did not instruct on law, 634;
in superior court necessarily decide on both law and fact, 641;
Taylor's charge on criminal code, 644;
convictions rendered, 669, 671, 674.
- Justice of peace, feud in Wayne County, 32-33;
qualification, 76;
Nathaniel Macon, 77;
mayor had powers of, 123;
hear Civil warrants at church, 445n;
special court for slave trials, 497;
trial of slave offenses calling for whipping, 498.
See Court system.
- Kehukee Association, organization and controversies, 337-38, 339 and n, 340, 341;
revival, 385-86, 387;
Virginia churches, 412;
religious liberties to slaves, 544;
Concise History of the, 815.
- Kelly, Dr. H., 734.
- Kelly, John, 715.
- Kennedy, W. W., 430.
- Kennedy, Washington, 576.
- Ker, David, 292.
- Kerr, Daniel W., 802.
- Keys, Dr. James H., 289, 749.
- Kidwell, Diemena, 205, 206.
- Kilpatrick, Joseph D., 382.
- Kimbrough, Elijah W., 678.
- Kindergartens, 288, 290-91.
- King, Coffield, 606.
- Kingsbury, T. B., 800-1.
- Kinney, Charles R., 271.
- Kinston, bridge over Neuse collapses, 27;
John Washington, 54;
population, 114;
growth, 118-119;
military school, 289.
- Knapp, Isaac, 573.
- Knights Templar, 101.
- Know-nothingism, 369, 466.
- Kollock, Shepard K., 293.
- Kooners. See Kuners.
- Krause, J., 136.
- Krider and Cowper, publishers, 794.
- Kuners, John, at Christmas, 145 and n;
in Edenton and Wilmington, 552-53;
song, 553.
- Labor, number employed in, 57 and n;
social status, 66-68;
discussed, 70-73;
wage scale tabulated, 70;
farm hands, 71;
white and Negro competition, 72 and n, 174, 586;
radicalism of predicted, 75;
degradation, 77-78, 230-31;
condition in Raleigh, 698-99.
See Free labor;
Wages;
Factories;
Poor.
- Labor unions, 72 and n;
mechanics' associations, 174 and n.
- Lacey, Theophilus, 662-63.
- Lafayette, Marie Joseph . . . , Marquis de, 140-41.
- Lafayette, Washington, 140.
- Lancaster, Joseph, 266.
- Lancisi, Giovanni Maria, 723.
- Lane, Lunsford, 586-87, 596.
- Lane, Polly, 71.
- Lane, Dr. W. B., 760.
- Language. See Speech;
Colloquial and Provincial expressions;
Dialect.
- Lanier, Benjamin, 693.
- Lankford, John, 704.
- Lankford, Dr. W. C., quoted, 88, 739.
- La Vallee Female Seminary, 306.
- Law schools, 288.
- Lawlessness, 31-33;
in county towns, 117;
in Lenoir, 118.
See Duels;
Fighting.
- Lawrence, Joshua, 299, 341.
- Lawson, John, apprentice, 707.
- Lawson, John, on medical botany, 753.
- Lawyers, number in 1860, 60;
social status, 61, 63;
in county seats, 116;
houses, 121;
daily lounge, 154;
oppose court reforms, 627.
- Layerly, Christopher, 359.
- Lea, A. M., 536.
- Lea, Nathaniel, 530.
- "Leather-headed apostles," 37.
- Leavenworth, A. J., 267.
- Lee, Jesse, quoted, 375, 396, 398, 400.
- Lee, General Robert E., 84n.
- Leigh, Dr. John, 334.
- Leisure Hour, 250, 620, 769, 771, 772, 779, 800-1, 805, 823, 825.
- Lemay, Leonidas B., 796.
- Lemay, Thomas, Jr., 676, 777, 793, 796, 797.
- Lemay, Thomas J., Jr., 767.
- Lenoir, incorporation, 130;
library society, 166n;
Presbyterian Church, 353.
- Lenoir County, 53, 54, 118, 289, 355, 368, 470, 523, 532.
- Lenox Castle, 188.
- Leonard, Emanuel, 594.
- Lesser, Isaac, 428-29.
- "Letters of Silvius," 817.
- Letters on Popular Education, 263-64, 271, 812.
- Levasseur, M., 140.
- Lewd houses, 215.
See Prostitution.
- Liberator, condemned, 573.
- Liberty Hall, 296.
- Libraries, in colonial period, 18-19;
in towns, 164-66;
numbers incorporated, 166n;
University of North Carolina, 294;
of academies, 314;
district, 320;
circulating, 439;
minister's, 441;
few large, 805.
- Library societies, organization, 164-65, 166, 168, 190, 166n.
- Lightfoot, William, 539.
- Lighting equipment, street, 129;
described, 232-33.
- Lightwood, 223.
- Lincoln Cotton Factory, 247.
- Lincoln County, 106, 107, 108, 166n, 188, 272, 360, 361n, 362, 371, 383, 632, 633, 697, 710.
- Lincoln Republican, encounter of editor with postmaster, 790.
- Lincolnton, mail stage, 28;
described, 122;
fire protection, 134;
band, 155;
factory, 247;
need of education, 262;
use of school fund, 273;
Western College, 297;
Female Academy, 307, 310;
Academy, 307, 324;
R. J. Miller, 334;
Bible Society, 417.
- Lindsey, Caleb, 704.
- Liquor. See Spirituous liquors.
- Lisbon, Wood and Bob, 243.
- Literary Archive, 798.
- Literary Board, management of Literary Fund, 270, 271 and n;
school system planned, 272;
authorized to withhold state funds, 274;
infrequency of county reports, 275;
state superintendent member, 278.
- Literary Fund, increased by Agricultural Fund, 107;
creation of, 269-70;
sources of, 270n;
increase from Federal surplus, 271 and n;
supplement to county tax, 272, 274;
use by school committees, 273;
basis of distribution, 276;
grant to Wake Forest College, 299;
grant to Normal College, 300;
grant from for instruction of deaf, 715.
Page 921
- Literary Societies, organization, 164, 167, 168, 190.
- Literature, activities of planters, 81, 82;
lack of North Carolina, 181n;
distribution of religious, 416-19;
creation of a native, 764, 810
newspapers and periodicals, 794-801;
"thinking minds of South engrossed with slavery," 809;
broadsides, 810;
folk writers, 810-11;
almanacs, 811;
pamphlets, 811-12;
oratory as form of, 812-13;
religious, 815-17;
historical, 817-20;
biographies and miscellaneous, 821-24;
fiction and poetry, 824-27.
See Wit.
- Littleton, military school. 289.
- Live Giraffe, masthead, 777;
cartoons, 779;
establishment, 800;
style, 801;
Life As It Is, or Writings of Our Mose, 824.
- Livestock, as North Carolina staple, 15, 53;
on small farm, 66;
exhibits, 108;
running at large, 126, 129-30;
unlawful for slave to possess, 531;
Negroes' dogs destroy sheep, 555-56.
- Livingstone, Edward, 613.
- Localism, in North Carolina society, 26;
development, 828-30.
- Locke, Francis, 636.
- Lockhart, Adam, 77.
- Lococofo, 792.
- Lodges, as social center, 95, 102, 113;
discussed, 101-2;
halls, 101, 120.
- Log cabin, 20, 96, 224.
See Architecture.
- Loring, Thomas, 770-71, 793, 806.
- Lotteries, shift in legislation, 186;
erection of academies, 285 and n, 286;
erection of churches, 435;
position of churches toward, 466 and n;
conducting misdemeanor, 621n, 622, 652;
for Murphey history, 819.
- Louisburg, horse race, 182;
military school, 289;
academies, 307, 323;
Methodists, 343;
church service, 442,
D. R. Goodloe of, 568;
execution in, 644.
- Louisville Journal, 791.
- Love, Samuel, free Negro, 590.
- Lovel's Folly, novel containing Chapel Hill Characters, 824.
- Lower classes, in colonial period, 16-17;
isolation, 30;
accuse gentry of snobbery, 61;
hospitality, 91;
opposition to ballroom dancing, 158;
social life, 162;
effect of marriage into, 192;
work of women, 247-48;
opposition to free schools, 262, 264;
opinion on education of, 329;
and religion, 331, 332;
"care nothing for decency," 615,
sanitation in homes of, 717, 718, 719.
See Yeomanry, Mechanics, Labor.
- Lucas, A., 175.
- Ludlow, J. L., 744.
- Lumber, as state product, 5, 6.
- Lumberton, 170, 342.
- Lumsden, J. E., 172.
- Lundy, Benjamin, 462.
- Luola. See Miller, Mary Ayer.
- Luther, controversy, 360.
- Luther's Smaller Catechism, 359.
- Lutheran Synod. See Evangelical Lutheran Synod.
- Lutherans, in colonial period, 12, 18;
in piedmont, 358;
discussed, 359-62;
associated with German Reformed, 362, 430 and n;
number in 1860, 369;
camp meeting, 408;
mission work, 415;
Great Revival, 431.
See Evangelical Lutheran Synod of North Carolina.
- Lutterloh, Henry Louis, 493.
- Lyceum societies, lectures, 150;
discussed, 167-68, 168n;
Oak City Guards, 173.
- Lyell, Sir Charles, 60, 52, 83-84.
- Lynch law, threatened against itinerant gamblers, 187;
Norfolk Argus favors, 507;
Janson's account, 508;
use in dealing with free Negroes of Wilmington, 578;
Fayetteville Observer protests against, 581.
See Mob violence.
- Macadamizing, of streets, 132.
- Macdougald, Rev., 333.
- Macky, Henry, 206.
- Macon, Nathaniel, 77, 602, 765.
- Macon County, 108, 632.
- Madison, James, 144.
- Madison County, 188, 216, 614.
- Magazines, in early period, 794-95;
Emerald, 797;
University of North Carolina Magazine, 797-98;
of the fifties, 798-800.
- Magee, Joseph, 609.
- Magic, belief in, 48-51.
See Superstitions.
- Magistrate's court. See Court system.
- Mahoney, James W., 753, 823.
- Mails, stage, 28, 29n, 784;
daily, 28;
Sunday disapproved, 446;
dependence of editors on, 773, 784;
failure of, 784.
See Postal service.
- Maiming, laws against, 42;
punishment for, 647;
under Revised Code, 652;
frequency, 659;
convictions and prosecutions, 666.
See Gouging; Fighting.
- Malaria, a cause for popularity of summer resorts, 30, 188;
effect on poor whites, 73;
effect on women's health, 230;
effect of dry fall on, 722;
effect on southern life, 722;
explanation of miasmatic origin, 723-24;
types, 724-25;
drugs in treatment of, 724 and n, 754;
progress into piedmont, 725-26;
so-called epidemics, 727-28;
and dysentery, 730;
effect on liver and spleen, 762.
- Man of Business, 795 and n.
- Mangum, Adolphus W., poet, 826.
- Mangum, Willie P., 240, 323, 813.
- Manly, Charles, quoted, 273.
- Manly, Matthias E., quoted, 530, 690.
- Manners, of North Carolina, 52n;
of Raleigh, 52. 152;
southern, 83;
Connecticut, 85;
effect of poverty on, 192;
of fashionable ladies, 208-9;
of genteel lady, 228;
southern women, 230;
formality of, 191, 198, 244 and n, 255;
effect of Negro nurses on, 252;
of boys, 327;
American, 370.
- Manson, Dr. O. F., 724-25, 727.
- Manual labor schools, 297-98, 299.
- Manufacturers, number tabulated, 57-58, 57 n;
social status, 60, 63;
domestic, 108, 244-45.
See Factories;
Mills, Industries.
- Manumission. See Emancipation.
- Manumission societies, 461-62, 472, 769.
- Marion, N. C., Avery case, 47;
Presbyterian Church, 353.
- Marion, S. C., 45.
- Marital relations. See Marriage.
- Market square, 119, 137-38.
- Markets, lack in North Carolina, 3-4, 5-6, 8, 14, 23, 25, 115;
fairs as, 106,
county seats as, 116;
town, 119, 126;
bringing produce to, 137.
- Marriage, for money, 192-93, 192n, 194;
of relatives, 193; 590, 591, 200-1, 203-5, 207, 238-45;
engagement, 199-202;
licenses, 200-1, 202-8, 252, 535-36;
ceremony, 202-6, 207;
bans, 203, 207;
common law, 207-8;
extra-marital relations, 209-217;
divorce, 217-23;
settlements, 239-40;
difficulties settled by church court, 451, 452;
of slaves, 535-37;
position of churches on slave, 537-38;
attitude of slaves toward relationship, 538-39;
free Negroes, 610-11;
punishment for false certificate, 648.
- Marryat, Captain Frederick, 74.
- Martin, Francois Xavier, 817.
- Martin, James H., 530-31.
- Martin, William, 269.
- Martin County, 53, 71, 95, 333, 340, 428, 511, 603, 686, 732, 759.
- Martinsville, 759.
- Mason, John Y., 61, 195, 243.
- Mason, Mary, quoted, 234-35, 236, 253;
Wreath from the Woods, 825.
- Masonboro, 188.
- Masonic lodges, organization and meetings, 101;
buildings, 101, 120, 156.
- Massachusetts Spy, 818.
- Massenburg, Dr. Cargill, 758.
- Maurice, Francis, 305.
Page 922
- Maxwell Creek, 722.
- May day, in Charlotte, 155-56.
- Mayo Association, Baptist, 340n.
- Mayors, 123, 124, 140, 141.
- McAden, Hugh, 350.
- McAdo, Samuel, revivalist, 379.
- McBride, Jesse, 575, 575-76.
- McCain, Hance, 169.
- McCarter, James J., 67.
- McCorkle, Samuel E., 379-80, 381n, 382, 397-98, 401, 407.
- McCormick, John, 706.
- McCulloh, Henry, 349.
- McDaniel, Captain, 142.
- McDaniel, David, 183.
- McDowell, Mrs. Rebecca, 238, 243.
- McDowell, S. A., dentist, 747.
- McDowell County, 760.
- McFarland, Tryam, 260-61, 271.
- McGee, William, 379, 386.
- McGhee, John, 382, 386, 403, 398-99.
- McGready, James, 351, 377-79, 379n, 382, 386, 394, 403.
- McIntyre, Daniel, 706.
- McIver, Colin, 747, 802, 811.
- McIver, Mrs. Sarah, 163.
- McKay, Neill, 816.
- McKay's Church, 349.
- McKee, Dr. W. H., 733, 760, 762.
- McKendree, Bishop William, 383.
- McLeod, John, 349.
- McMillan, Murdoch, 382.
- McNair, E. D., 98.
- McNair, Malcolm, 382.
- McNamara, Robert, 531.
- McNeill, George, 352, 803.
- McNeill, Neill, 11.
- McPheeters, William, 286, 324-25, 714.
- McQueen, Hugh, 271, 602-3, 795, 797.
- McRae, Duncan K., orator, 813.
- McRae, John, 125, 768.
- McWilliams, Mr., at wedding, 206.
- McWilliams, John, editor, 767.
- Meade, William, 569.
- Mear house, dancing school, 159.
- Mebane, James, 685.
- Mechanics, number, 66;
social status, 66-67, 157;
associations, 72, 138-39, 174, 702;
appeal to in politics, 75;
in county seats, 116;
theatrical society, 177;
and education, 262, 264;
in Davidson College, 298;
petition against Negroes, 551.
- Mecklenburg County, 9, 53, 106, 107, 108, 140, 166n, 285, 350, 382, 411-12, 417, 450, 474, 542, 552, 679, 697, 727, 737, 744n, 821.
- Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence, controversy, 817-19.
- Mecklenburg Gold Mining Co., 115.
- Mecklenburg Jeffersonian, 727.
- Mecklenburg Resolves of May 31, 1775, 818.
- Medical botany, Indian use of herbs, 9;
midwives versed in, 739;
knowledge of by every old woman, 747, 752;
instructions on collecting, 753;
secrecy in practice, 753;
herbs used, 753-54;
Dr. McKee on, 762.
See Medicines.
- Medical Journal of North Carolina, 762.
- Medical schools, 288, 289, 749.
- Medical therapy, 749-52, 762-63.
- Medicine. See Doctors;
Medicines;
N. C. Medical Society.
- Medicines, Indian, 9;
and witchcraft, 49;
sale of by doctors, 748;
Gunn's Domestic Medicine, 719;
instruction in surgery, 743;
Simons' Family Medicine, 751,
kept by ante-bellum store, 752;
knowledge of household, 752;
instructions in collecting, 753;
native, 753-54;
peddlers, 756;
cults, 756-57;
mineral, 756. 762-63;
reaction against strong, 762-63.
See Drugs.
- Melbourn, Julius, 821.
- Men, ideal of courage, 42-47;
"the strong" husband, 231;
status in family life, 238, 241-42, 243 258;
bold spirit encouraged in boys, 254, 258;
in ante-bellum society, 302.
- Mendenhall, George C., 576, 577.
- Mendenhall, Nureus, 799n.
- Mennonites, 356n.
- Mercer, Silas, 412.
- Mercersburg theology, 363.
- Merchant Mills, as social centers, 95, 98-99;
as place for holding magistrate's court, 617.
See Mills.
- Merchants, number tabulated, 57 and n, 58;
social status, 62, 63-64, 64n, 65;
and country stores, 98, 99;
of Pennsylvania tours State, 102;
business of on public occasions, 148, 678;
stores described, 153-54.
- Meredith, Thomas, 341, 463, 816.
- Meredith, William, 346.
- Merrill, Benjamin, 650.
- Merrimon, A. S., quoted, 216, 614, 634, 635.
- Mesmerism, 756.
- Methodism, forerunners, 343-44, 346, 373;
expansion of, 345, 348;
revival of, 385;
John Paris History, 816.
- Methodist Episcopal Church, organization, 343;
missionary work, 343-44;
Missionary Society, 411;
Notes on religious instruction, 420;
relief work, 423-24;
position on slavery, 459;
schism over slavery, 465.
- Metnodist Episcopal Church, North Carolina, discussed, 343-48;
O'Kelly movement, 346-47, 366-67;
circuits, 348;
camp meetings, 384, 388;
publication society, 419;
Sunday schools, 420, 421, 422;
number preachers in 1855, 437;
salaries, 438;
on distilling, 454;
on slavery, 459, 462;
New Bern resolution on abolition, 464;
resolution of Raleigh station on schism, 465.
See Methodists.
- Methodist Episcopal Church, South, position on slavery, 347;
rank of North Carolina Conference, 424;
organization, 465.
- Methodist Protestant Church, founding, 347;
John Paris, History, 816.
- Methodist Society, 343;
Joseph Pilmore sent by organization in North Carolina, 344.
- Methodists, camp meetings, 100, 384, 388, 390, 409;
and Trinity College, 300-1;
schools for women, 307;
number in 1860, 369;
evangelism, 344, 345-46, 352, 370, 432;
persecution, 345, 430;
Great Revival, 373-76, 431;
ministerial education, 440, 442;
conferences enforce discipline, 448;
position on distilling, 454;
position on slavery, 459, 566;
masters forbid slaves hearing, 545;
Phelps Lake slaves, 548;
periodicals, 802.
See Methodist Episcopal Church, Methodist Protestant Church, Wesleyan Methodist Church.
- Miasma, influence on location of houses, 118, 720;
fear of, 188;
and origin of malaria, 723;
Lancisi theory questioned, 723-24;
fevers caused by, 724;
and dysentery, 730.
- Michaux, R. R., 147, 445.
- Michel, Ludwig, quoted, 468.
- Micklejohn, George, 333, 334.
- Middle class, and duelling, 42;
composition, 58, 70;
passage into gentry, 59;
discussed, 63-65;
use of Negro nurses, 252;
education of, 314;
religion, 353.
See Upper classes.
- Middleton, Henry C., 83.
- Midway Academy, 323.
- Midwives, employment of, 252;
employment for slaves, 527;
rewards to slaves, 530;
versed in medical botany, 739, 753.
- Migration, discussed, 38-41;
Quaker, 461;
legislation against free Negroes, 584;
act of 1826 against free Negroes, 584-85, 585n, 600;
effect of drought of 1826 on, 697,
effect of drought of 1845, 698.
See Emigration.
- Military companies, New Bern, 129;
Raleigh, 139 165, 678;
Mecklenburg, 140;
Cabarrus, 140;
Wilmington, 141;
Hillsboro, 142.
- Military schools, 288, 289-90.
Page 923
- Militia, musters, 17, 98, 102-104;
games, 109;
ex; emption from duty, 133, 134;
in towns, 148-49-
uniformed companies, 172-74;
exemption of Quakers, 356;
in slave conspiracy of 1802, 511;
in hunt for runaways in 1821, 514-15;
Edgecombe, called in conspiracy of 1825, 515;
Washington Guards called out, 516;
power of justices to call out, 518-19, 620;
slaves at, 551;
exclusion of free Negroes, 600.
- Millard, R. W., 275.
- Miller, Benjamin, 337.
- Miller, C. B., 704.
- Miller, Henry W., 146, 813.
- Miller, Mary Ayer, 826.
- Miller, Priscilla, 693.
- Miller, Robert Johnston, 334, 346.
- Miller, W. L., 803.
- Miller, Governor William, quoted, 268, 626, 636-37, 645, 666.
- Miller, Willis, 352.
- Milligan School for Young Ladies, 307.
- Mills, employees, 66;
merchant, 95, 98-99;
cotton, 99, 117, 247;
power of county court over, 623;
paper, 766, 776.
See Factories;
Industries.
- Mills, H. C., 427.
- Milton, Archibald D. Murphey, 268;
Academy, 307;
Thomas Day cabinet shop, 585, 607;
newspapers, 767, 768.
- Milton Chronicle, quoted, 444, 698.
- Milton Gazette, 767, 768.
- Miner's and Farmer's Journal, 88, 769, 796.
- Minerva, 48, 562, 764, 765, 773, 780, 783, 786, 792, 804, 814, 826.
- Mines, number employed in, 66.
- Mingo, report of slave camp, 513.
- Ministers. See Preachers.
- Mint sling, 93, 95, 158.
- Misdemeanors, jurisdiction of county court over, 621-22, 621n;
increase in list of, 652, 654;
frequency, 658, 659, 660;
agitation for reform in punishment, 661;
prosecutions and convictions, 667, 670.
See Crimes.
- Missionaries, Church of England, 333;
Baptist, 337, 338, 349;
Methodist, 343-44;
Presbyterian, 349, 350;
Quaker, 353-54;
Lutheran, 359, 361;
German Reformed, 362, 363;
Moravian, 365;
friction caused by northern, 422;
abolition, 499;
Wesleyan Methodist expelled from State, 575-77;
work and expulsion of Daniel Worth, 579-80, 579n;
John Chavis, 609.
- Missionary Baptists, 341, 342.
See Baptist State Convention.
- Missionary societies, Baptist, 340, 341, 412-13, 413n, 425;
German Reformed, 363;
Methodist, Presbyterian, 411;
Episcopal, Lutheran, 414;
Moravian, 415;
women's, 425-26.
- Missions. See Missionary Societies;
names of denominations.
- Mitchell, Elisha, 27-28, 49, 85, 116, 293, 296, 313, 812, 822.
- Mob violence, Norfolk Argus favors, 507;
in early period, 507-8;
in later period, 509-10, 611;
in conspiracy of 1802, 511;
of 1831, 520;
against McBride, 576;
against Crooks, 576-77;
against Sandy Tate, 581;
against Lunsford Lane, 587;
against free Negro of Raleigh, 605.
See Lynch law.
- Mocksville, Saturday gatherings, 99;
law school, 288.
- Money, scarcity, 15, 16, 81, 102n, 150;
paper, 154;
invested in slave trade, 473-74;
slave, 529-34;
gifts to slaves at Christmas, 552;
invested in manufacturing, 829.
See Wealth.
- Monroe, James, 141.
- Monroe's fair, 106.
- Montgomery County, 347, 576, 609.
- Moore, B. F., 294, 813.
- Moore, Joseph, 400.
- Moore, Matthew R., 587.
- Moore, Maurice, 285.
- Moore, Moses, 693.
- Moore, Phillips, 490-92, 524, 527, 532-33, 535, 752.
- Moore, Bishop Richard Channing, 335.
- Moore County, 13, 54, 68, 100, 181, 349, 609, 632, 693, 753.
- Moral societies, 151, 169, 454-55, 675.
- Moravian Church, settlers, 12, 18;
in colonial period, 18;
of Salem described, 120;
government of Salem, 125-26, 136;
establishment, 363-65;
number, 369;
mission work, 414, 415;
poor relief, 423;
holding, 427;
association with Lutherans, 431;
ministers, 441;
board of elders, 448;
conduct forbidden members, 449, 454;
Sunday school for Negroes, 542.
- Mordecai, Jacob, 307.
- More, Hannah, 248.
- Morehead, Abraham Forrest, 825.
- Morehead, James T., 576.
- Morehead, Governor John M., 204, 307, 542-43, 711.
- Morgan district superior court, creation, 622;
a victory for reform, 627;
grand jury asks for penitentiary, 664.
- Morganton, railroad, 25, 26;
Avery case, 47;
location, 115;
described, 122;
Presbyterian Church, 353;
Great Revival, 382;
camp meetings, 383;
Bible Society, 417;
district court, 622;
term of Supreme Court, 642.
- Morrissey, Thomas K., 519.
- Morris, Emanuel, 594.
- Morrison, Robert R., 801.
- Morse's Geography, condemned, 181n;
use in schools, 316, 317.
- Mosby, R. H., 474-75.
- Mosquitoes, 719, 726.
- Mott, T. S., 803.
- Mount Airy, 368, 415.
- Mount Tirzah, Moore plantation, 490.
- Mountain Banner, quoted, 577, 790.
- Mulattoes, act of 1826 to prevent migration into State, 585;
whites forbidden to marry, 590;
property left to by will, 592;
number in 1860, 592;
incapacity as legal witness against whites, 599;
"free mulatto not satisfied with black wife," 603,
white man not chargeable for support of, 611;
daughters of vice-president Johnson, 788-89;
Julius Melbourn of Raleigh, 821.
See Race Mixing.
- Mules, on Panola plantation, 481.
- Mumford, Donum, 608.
- Murder, increase, 46;
act of 1791 concerning slaves, 497, 501;
act of 1817 concerning slaves, 502, 645;
legal provocation of slaves, 502;
frequency, 659, 660;
prosecutions and convictions, 666-67, 670;
trial of slave in Wake County, 671.
- Murfreesboro, 13, 130.
- Murphey, Archibald, 268, 289.
- Murphey, Archibald DeBow, 5, 6, 24, 288, 474, 626, 653n, 655-56, 665-66, 819;
quoted or cited, 41, 117-18, 268-69, 272, 329, 569, 680, 695, 714, 783, 813.
- Murphey, Thomas, 368.
- Murphey, Victor, 142.
- Mushat, John, 329.
- Music, at parties, 85, 142, 151, 160;
soiree, 143;
for parade, 146;
at school exercises, 155;
band concerts, 174-75, 180;
clubs, 175;
at summer resorts, 189;
and courtship, 195;
fiddle, 93, 148, 206, 449 554, 614;
instruction in, 305-6;
camp meeting, 392-93, 394-95;
at slave frolics, 554;
Negro, 555.
See Dancing, Pianos; Spiritual Songs.
- Mustee, white forbidden to marry, 590.
- Musters. See Militia Musters.
- Myrick, John, 507.
- Nags Head, 188.
- Nash, F. K., quoted, 412.
Page 924
- Nash, Frederick, 205, 551, 604-5, 619, 626, 650-51, 665-66, 668, 726.
- Nash County, 494, 520, 584, 588, 632, 694, 697-98, 732, 736, 760.
- National Democrat, 774.
- National Intelligencer, 154, 183, 766, 783-84, 818.
- Natural History of North Carolina, by John Brickell, 747.
- Natural rights, manhood suffrage, 35;
fishing, 94;
theory of, 260, 262, 294;
personal liberties, 260, 262, 830;
applied to college discipline, 294-95;
personal conduct, 440;
to temperance movement, 458;
to slavery, 458, 499 and n, 500, 560;
abandonment of as applied to slavery, 564;
applied to free Negroes, 585;
to emancipation, 596;
to punishment for crime, 661.
- Naval stores, 5, 6, 15.
- Negro fever, 724.
- Negro preachers, Henry Evans, 344, 549, 608;
disciplined for preaching without license, 451;
legal regulation, 499;
bill of 1800, 499-500;
accused of hatching plot in 1825, 516;
religious leaders at slave marriage, 536, 549-50;
Methodist, Baptist, Presbyterian, 549;
petition against circulating abolition literature, 550;
act of 1831 prohibiting conditionally, 550;
free Negro prohibited, 601;
Ralph Freeman, 608-9;
John Chavis, 609-10.
- Negro spirituals, 395 and n.
See Spiritual songs.
- Negro tradesmen, competition with white laborers, 71-72, 72n, 174, 586;
hunters, 85;
price of black-smith in 1859, 476, 542;
in slave working force, 476-77, 488;
rewards for good work, 529-30;
hiring own time, 531-32;
apprenticing slave, 541;
Thomas Day, 585;
Lunsford Lane, 586-87;
Isaac Hunter, 587;
incapacity to prove book debts, 599;
discussed, 607.
- Negroes, in colonial North Carolina, 8, 10, 17;
superiority as slaves, 9, 468;
as social class, 17, 611-12;
superstition, 48, 252-53;
doctors, 51, 758;
poor whites, 68, 71;
competition with white labor, 71-72, 72n, 174, 556;
characterized, 81;
on hunting party, 86;
clothes, 88, 227;
in towns, 127-29;
Christmas celebration, 145 and n, 551-53;
as nurses, 235-36, 252-53;
and Methodism, 344;
Great Revival, 395, 401, 404, 406;
church court regulates sex relations, 451, 452;
North Carolina type, 469;
amount of blood necessary for legal status of, 598-99;
knowledge of medical botany, 752;
poet, 826.
See Slaves;
Free Negroes.
- New Bern, lumber and naval stores, 5;
isolation from West, 8;
settlement in region of, 13;
Academy, 18, 304, 308, 313, 316, 329;
colonial press, 19;
railroad, 26;
Neuse bridge, 27;
mail service, 28;
society characterized, 31, 63;
Spaight-Stanly duel, 43-44;
population, 114, 117, 583;
location, 115, 118;
plan of, 119-20;
Light Infantry, 129;
gas lights, 129, 233;
fire protection, 133, 134;
dances, 159;
Female Charitable Society, 163, 266, 702;
mechanics association, 174;
Library Society, 166n;
Theatrical Society, 175, 177;
bands; 175;
itinerant performers, 178;
horse races, 182, 583;
Edward F. Graham, 200;
shops, 247;
public school, 265;
Episcopal Church, 334;
Roman Catholic Church, 368;
Bible Society station, 417;
Presbyterian Church, 436;
Methodist resolution on abolitionists, 464;
militia "battle" in 1821, 514-15;
law permitting slaves to hire own time, 532;
slave refuses to leave, 539;
Negro Methodist Church, 545;
Negro Episcopal congregation, 547;
petition of mechanics against congregation of Negroes, 551;
petition against Negroes on Neuse River, 556;
attitude of slave-holders, 562-63;
free Negroes go to Liberia, 571;
free Negroes in 1860, 583;
race mixing, 593;
petition of Negro barber, 599;
free Negro voters, 602;
free Negro owners of slaves, 608;
free Negro school, 610;
free Negro élite, 611-12;
district court, 622;
imprisonment for debt, 655;
newspapers, 764, 766, 767, 768, 794, 802;
James Davis printery, 813-14;
F. X. Martin, 817;
Mrs. Susan J. Hancock, 826.
- Newbern Republican, quoted 566, 571.
- New Bern Progress, 774.
- Newbern Sentinel, 768.
- Newbern Spectator, 768, 793-94.
- New Era, of Raleigh, 323.
- New Garden, Quaker settlement, 355;
monthly meeting relief work, 425;
manumission society, 461.
- New Garden Boarding School, 90, 301-2, 358.
- New Hanover County, 53, 106, 107, 108, 125, 319, 349, 350, 488, 489, 490, 515-16, 519-20, 556n, 589, 606, 697.
- New Salem, 795, 803.
- New School Presbyterians, 352, 465.
- New York Evening Star, likens North Carolina to Rip Van Winkle, 20-21.
- New York Journal of Commerce, on southern literature, 826-27.
- New York Tribune, quoted, 775.
- Newell, Harriet, 248.
- Newspapers, colonial, 19;
circulation, 30, 96, 772-73, 805;
oppose women's rights, 249-50;
religious, 433; 801-3;
Sunday papers profane Sabbath, 466;
position on Southern Rights Convention, 565-66;
Garrison-Knapp indictment, 573;
appearance, 764, 776;
in 1800, 765;
Raleigh Register, 765-66;
in 1810, 766;
Minerva, 766;
Star, 766-67;
in 1823, 767;
Hillsborough Recorder, 767-68;
Fayetteville Observer, 768;
in 1830, 768-69;
in 1840, 770;
North Carolina Standard, 770-71;
Carolina Watchman, 771-72;
Wilmington Journal, 772;
in 1850, 772-73;
frequency of publication, 773-74;
in 1860, 774;
staff, 774-75;
equipment, 775-77;
make-up, 777-81;
names, 777-78;
size, 780;
news policy, 781-86;
editorial policy, 786-94;
squibs, 791-92;
finances, 804-8;
advertising, 807;
reasons for low state of journalism, 808-9;
number at present, 809;
publication of poetry, 825;
effect on State's character, 827;
on development of localism, 828-30.
See Periodicals.
- Newton, N. C., 155.
- Nichols, B., 291.
- Nichols, William, architect, 666.
- Night watch, 126, 127, 128-29, 139, 145;
citizens, 126;
hours, 127;
discussed, 128-29;
use of town hall, 139;
doubling at Christmas, 145;
doubled in case of conspiracy fright, 516;
letter on sanitation from Raleigh, 720.
- Norcom, Elizabeth, 192.
- Norcom, F., 779.
- Norcom, Dr. James A., 47, 192, 200, 206, 228, 229, 230-31, 237, 552-53, 558, 699-700, 728, 731, 732 751.
- Norcom, James A., Jr., 199, 208, 473.
- Norcom, Dr. John, 206, 728, 731.
- Norcott, Mary, trousseau, 207.
- Norfleet, Frances E., 474.
- Norfleet, Robert, 481.
- Norfleet, Stephen A., 83, 98, 247, 474, 479-80, 524, 528-29, 535, 539, 607.
- Norfleet, Mrs. Stephen A., 247.
- Norfleet, Thomas F., 474.
- Norfolk, 23, 115, 180, 571.
- Norfolk Argus, quoted, 507.
- Norfolk Herald, quoted, 510-11, 729.
- Normal College, 300, 310, 798.
- North Carolina Baptist Interpreter, 802.
See also Biblical Recorder.
- North Carolina Christian Advocate, 543, 802.
- North Carolina Classis, organization, 362;
education society, 363;
mission work, 414-15;
resolution against distilling, 457-58.
See German Reformed Church.
- North Carolina College, Lutheran, 362.
- North Carolina Common School Journal, 799.
- North Carolina Education Association, 304-5, 321, 323.
- North Carolina Evangelical Intelligencer, 801.
Page 925
- North Carolina Farmer, 796.
- North Carolina Gazette, 19 and n, 794.
- North Carolina Historical Commission, 658.
- North Carolina Historical Society, 296, 818.
- North-Carolina Journal, Fayetteville, 768.
- North-Carolina Journal, Halifax, 160, 175, 182, 244, 494.
- North Carolina Journal of Education, 36, 311, 322, 323, 799.
- North Carolina Magazine;
or, Universal Intelligencer, 794.
- North Carolina Magazine, Political, Historical, and Miscellaneous, 794.
- North Carolina Magistrate, Cantwell, quoted, 618, 646-47, 654.
- North Carolina Medical Journal, 741, 762, 799.
- North Carolina Medical Society, Dickson address on diseases of Wilmington, 721-22;
Satchwell on malaria, 722;
Johnson on groundless assumption of miasma, 724;
prize for essay on dysentery, 730;
McKee on pneumonia, 733;
mentioned, 737;
emphasis on uniform fees, 749;
Norwood on quackery, 756;
organization in 1799, 758;
organization in 1849, 760-61;
work, 761-62.
- North Carolina Mercury and Salisbury Advertiser, 764, 791.
- North Carolina Messenger, 791.
- North Carolina Minerva. See Minerva.
- North Carolina Planter, 797.
- North Carolina Presbyterian, establishment, 352, 803;
quoted, 422, 426, 438, 444, 458, 464, 466, 543, 547, 568, 579, 747.
- North-Carolina Reader, 315, 822, 829.
- North-Carolina Register and the United States Calendar, 747, 811.
- North Carolina Spectator and Western Advocate, 768.
- North Carolina Standard, 34, 47, 74-75, 124, 137-38, 187, 201, 242-43, 249, 250, 327, 328, 390, 446, 461-62, 477, 517, 524-25, 557, 565-66, 567, 575, 578, 581, 628-29, 635, 641-42, 672, 698-99, 708, 731, 770-71, 776-77, 783, 789-90, 793, 804, 806, 814, 828.
- North Carolina Star, 566.
- North Carolina State Library, 165 and n.
- North Carolina Statist, 799.
- North Carolina Telegraph, 801-2.
- North Carolina Temperance Almanac, 803.
- North Carolina Temperance Union, 804.
- North Carolina Whig, 774.
- North Carolina Yearly Meeting, 301, 355-57, 456-62 passim.
- North Carolinian, 774.
- North State Whig, 565, 566, 790.
- Northampton County, 166n, 246, 289, 309, 355, 374, 375, 387, 407, 470, 520, 681, 694, 697, 710, 733, 737.
- Norwood, J. W., 108.
- Norwood, Dr. Walter A., quoted, 755.
- Norwood, William, 726.
- Novel, influence on manners, 209, 418-19;
reading, 231, 303.
- Numbers of Carlton, 24, 296, 812.
- Nussman, Adolphus, 359, 361, 362.
- Oak City Guards, 165, 173-74, 678.
- Observer. See Fayetteville Observer.
- Occonachee Wigwam, 485-86.
- Ocracoke, 24, 188.
- Odd Fellow Lodge, 101-2, 156, 702.
- Officeholding, social status, 58, 60, 63, 75-77;
democratization of, 76-77,
agitation for elective, 102;
houses of, 121;
in town government, 123-25;
religious qualification, 368, 427-29;
power of county court over, 622;
movement for popular election of justices of peace, 630;
movement for popular election of judges, 638, 643.
- O'Kelly, James, 346-47, 366-67, 370, 816.
- Old Christmas, celebration, 552.
- Old-field schools, 277, 283, 285, 318, 321.
- "Old Rip," 21, 25, 764, 827,
See also Rip Van Winkle.
- Olmsted, Denison, 107, 293, 296, 822.
- Olmsted, Frederick Law, quoted, 22, 72, 526-27.
- Onslow County, 514-15, 551-52, 557, 694.
- Orange County, 34, 53-54, 107, 149, 211, 257, 268-69, 275, 291, 331, 335, 360, 362, 379, 380, 403, 417, 421, 428, 533, 542, 574, 589, 592, 630, 658-59, 682, 685, 687-88, 696, 697-98, 699, 704, 707-8, 710, 715, 747, 802.
- Orations, at celebrations, 140, 143;
Fourth of July, 142;
funeral, 145, 147, 148;
political, 150.
- Orphans, apprentice system, 17, 70, 703-8;
schools for, 163-64, 266, 708, 711;
guardians of, 256;
court for control of property, 256-58;
work of Odd Fellows, 702.
- Orphans' Court, act of 1762, 256;
in ante-bellum period, 256-57;
jurisdiction of county court, 621.
- Osborn, Charles, 461.
- Osbourn, James, 826.
- Outlaw, David, 767.
- Outlaw, George, 612.
- Overseers, of roads, 27;
of streets, 131,
power of county court to appoint, 622;
election of overseers of poor, 684.
See Plantation overseers.
- Owen, Francis, 450.
- Owen, Governor John, quoted, 263, 271, 515, 600-1.
- Owen, William H., 225, 313, 343.
- Oxford, plank road company, 26;
mail service, 28;
sidewalks, 131;
market house burned, 138;
traveling players at, 149;
dancing master, 159;
mechanics association, 174;
gambling, 187;
Leisure Hour, 250, 769, 800-1;
tutor wanted, 283;
military school, 289;
Academy, 314;
revival, 390;
D. R. Goodloe in, 569;
summer resort, 726;
newspapers, 768.
- Oxford Examiner, 768.
- Oxford Female College, 307, 343.
- Oxford Kaleidoscope and Southern Republican, 771.
- Paine, Thomas, 331, 765.
- Paisley, William, 380.
- Paisley, William D., 438.
- Palmer, Paul, 337, 412.
- Panola plantation, 478, 481-82, 484, 525-26.
- Paper, straw-fiber, 775-76;
rag, 776.
- Paris, John, 816.
- Parker, Joseph, 337.
- Particular Baptists, in colonial period, 337, 338, 342, 412.
- Pasquotank County, 18, 32, 139, 148, 211, 257, 274-75, 355, 509, 513, 534, 570, 594, 601, 621, 670-71, 687, 692, 694, 704, 707.
- Pasteur and Watson, printers, 767.
- Patent Medicines, 756, 761.
- Patridge, Isaac C., printer, 795.
- Patriot and Greensborough Palladium, 777.
- Patrol, town, 126, 127, 128-29, 134, 430, 515-17, 554-55, 574, 578-79, 622.
- Patterson, George, 548.
- Patterson, John, 375.
- Patterson, Thomas, 205, 206.
- Pattillo, Henry, 244n, 334, 543-44, 814.
- Patuxent plows, 482.
- Pauper. See Poor relief.
- Peace, William, 287.
- Peace Female Institute, 307.
- Peace societies, 454.
- Peace warrants, 45 and n, 659, 660.
- Peach moby, manufacture, 160.
- Pearson, Jesse, 204.
- Pearson, R. M., 208, 240-41, 241-42, 288, 502, 538, 604-5, 626.
- Peat, Mrs., Infant School, 291.
- Peck, Harriet, 302.
- Peckover, William, 355.
- Peddlers. See Vendors.
- Pedobaptist, 338.
- Peedee River, 5, 118.
Page 926
- Penal Code. See Criminal code.
- Penalties, 618, 621.
See Punishments;
Death penalty.
- Pendleton and Bruner, 772.
- Penitentiary, causes of opposition to, 37, 627-8;
Nash's pledge to fight for, 650-51;
discussion of, 661-73
passim, 711, 830.
- Pennsylvania Lutheran Synod, 359.
- "Pennsylvania-Dutch," spoken in Salisbury, 12.
- Penuel, Price, 707.
- People's Press, Wilmington, 770.
- Periodicals, in early period, 794-95;
agricultural, 795-97, 796n;
literary, 797-98;
professional, 799;
family newspapers, 799-801;
religious, 801-3;
temperance, 803-4.
See Newspapers.
- Perquimans County, 355, 470, 554, 603.
- Perrin, Stephen, 159.
- Persimmon beer, 91, 96.
- Person, Thomas, 429.
- Person County, 34, 68, 166n, 450, 482, 490, 535, 557.
- Personal liberties, theory of, 260, 262, 830.
See Natural Rights.
- Pessenger, Abraham, 71.
- Peter, slave, 525.
- Petersburg, 23, 25, 63, 86, 114, 514, 745, 752, 766, 771.
- Petersburg Intelligencer, 766.
- Pettigrew, Charles, 81, 333, 334, 335, 405, 496, 561.
- Pettigrew, Ebenezer, 38n, 69, 199, 244, 406, 432, 523, 532, 548, 722.
- Pettigrew, Mrs. Ebenezer, 189-90, 238, 250, 345-46, 440.
- Pettigrew, J. Johnston, 196.
- Pettigrew, Mary, 308.
- Philanthropic Society, 292.
- Philanthropy, of planter, 82, 698;
of women, 163-64, 424, 702;
of church, 410;
provisions for "worthy poor," 697-99;
work of doctors, 699-700;
charitable societies, 701-2.
See Poor relief;
Poor.
- Phillips, Charles, 822.
- Phillips, James, 822.
- Phrenology, 156, 757.
- Physical combat, 42-43, 43n.
See Fighting;
Duels. sault and battery.
- Physicians. See Doctors.
- Piano, playing fashionable, 195, 303;
in plantation home, 226;
concerts of academy pupils, 326.
- Pigott, Zacharias, 77.
- Pillory, 42, 647-48, 653.
- Pilmoor, Joseph, 334n.
See Pilmore, Joseph.
- Pilmore, Joseph, 343, 344 and n, 346.
- Pitt county, 53, 408, 470, 488.
- Pittman, Dr. N. J., 727.
- Pittsboro, country dance, 48;
cockfight, 180;
races, 182;
academy, 285;
Negro Episcopal congregation, 547
summer resort, 726;
literary society, 810.
- Pittsborough Communicator, 804.
- Plain Planter's Family Assistant, 543-44, 814.
- Plantation overseers, social status, 66;
characterized, 81;
advice against changing, 476;
required by law in two counties, 489-90;
difficult to find capable, 490;
wage, 490;
contract, 491;
on Phillips Moore plantation, 491-92;
legal representative of master, 492;
supervision of sick, 527.
- Plantation system, colonial period, 10;
area of, 53;
organization of slave labor, 476-77;
acres cultivated per hand, 477-78, 477n;
use of compost, 478-79;
planting season, 479-80;
on cotton plantation, 481-82;
equipment, 482, 485, 486, 489;
tobacco plantation, 482-84;
corn plantation, 485;
wheat plantation, 485-86;
turpentine plantation, 486-88.
See Slaves.
- Plantations, size tabulated, 54;
Pettigrew, 81, 496, 523, 532;
social life on, 82-86;
Woodbourne, 83, 479-80;
Strabane, 98;
Rich Lands, 226;
Panola, 478, 481-82;
Burgwyn, 485-86;
Josiah Collins, 485, 488;
D. L. Russell, 486.
See Plantation system;
Slaves.
- Planters, colonial, 3-4, 14;
title of social status, 16;
slaveholding tabulated, 55;
distribution of slaveholding, 56;
percent slaveholding families, 56;
tabulated, 57;
social status, 58-60, 63;
small described, 63;
social life, 81-86, 113;
dress of, 90;
mansions, 121;
two types described, 526;
doctors as, 748.
See Plantation system.
- Playmakers' Theater, 294.
- Plays, theatrical, 177-79;
games, 206 and n;
for dead, 540 and n.
- Plymouth, charter quoted; 130-31,
fire of 1808, 134;
Bible Society station, 417.
- Poaching, law against, 94.
- Poindexter, John F., 576.
- Polemic Society, 164.
- Police, regulations, 124, 128-29, 138.
See Patrol;
Constables.
- Politics, sectionalism in, 31, 34;
Jacksonian movement, 74, 75;
"leveling influence" in, 75;
electioneering, 104-5, 150;
party organization, 149;
Harrison compaign, 150;
temperance movement, 171;
divorce bill of 1808, 218;
women in, 248-50;
education, 260 and n;
slavery, 521;
votes from Quaker district on slavery question, 564;
C. B. Shepard on slavery question, 564-65;
controversy over Southern Rights Convention, 565-66;
association of colonization movement, 570;
dissatisfaction over Compromise of 1850, 575;
elections of 1856, 579;
fear of influence on Supreme Court, 643;
penitentiary question, 672-73;
erection of asylum for insane, 712-13;
Star, 766;
influence on newspapers, 771, 781, 786-92;
injustice to North Carolina in national, 828-29.
- Polk, James K., 141, 813.
- Polk, Mrs. Sarah Hawkins, 163.
- Polk, Colonel Thomas, 140.
- Polk, Colonel William, 41, 61, 140, 163.
- Polk County, 632, 633.
- Pomona Academy, 324.
- Poor, the, in Eastern North Carolina, 36;
distribution of religious literature, 416-19;
education in Sunday schools, 419;
in colonial period, 683-84;
legal, 690;
large portion of every community, 697;
erection of asylum for insane "robbery" of, 713.
See Poor relief;
Poor whites.
- Poor, wardens of. See Wardens of poor.
- Poor law, colonial, 683-84;
act of 1777 providing for poor, 684;
act of 1786 calling for posting of accounts, 686;
act of 1817 calling upon county courts to levy tax, 686;
erection of poorhouses, 694-96;
children, 704, 708;
insane, 710-11.
See Poor relief.
- Poor relief, funds, 129;
work of women's clubs, 163-64, 425;
church, 423-27, 433;
slave stock sold for, 531;
in colonial period, 683-84;
act of 1777, 684;
wardens of poor, 684-86;
public tax, 686-89;
model system proposed, 688;
report of 1825 on, 689;
legal poor, 690;
critics of pauper system, 690-91;
administration of poor tax, 691-94;
erection of poorhouses, 694-96;
private philanthropy, 697-700;
charitable societies, 701-3;
apprentice system, 703-8.
- Poor tax, act of 1777, 684;
power of county court to levy, 686;
taxes levied in five typical counties, 686-87;
receipts from fines and penalties, 687;
petitions and legislation, 688-89;
tax for asylum "robbery" to, 713.
- Poor whites, in colonial society, 16, 17;
of East, 36;
of Moore County, 54;
number estimated, 57;
as class, 58;
discussed, 67-73;
homes, 68;
clothes, 71, 88;
recreation, 95;
given Bibles, 417;
religion, 430;
live on lands of their wealthier neighbors, 690-91;
use of dialect in book, 824.
- Population, by nationalities in 1790, 9;
density in 1790, 13;
by counties in 1790, 14;
characterized, 22, 30, 52n, 829;
Western, 34, 36;
increase, 1790-1860, 38;
loss from migration, 39-40, 827;
small farmers, 54;
Page 927
percentage of day laborers in, 70;
of towns tabulated, 114,
number of free persons, 227;
distribution and increase of free Negroes, 582-84.
See Slaves, Free Negroes.
- Porcher, F. P., 573, 754.
- Post-Angel or Universal Entertainment, Edenton, 764.
- Postal service, in colonial period, 19;
southern stage mail, 27, 30;
number of post offices, 28, 115;
in ante-bellum period, 28-30, 115;
rates, 29 and n.
See Mails.
- Potter, Robert, 187, 826.
- Potter, William, 804.
- Pottery, Moravian, 364.
- Poytress, Dr. John, 744.
- Prather, Leonard, revivalist, 380.
- Preachers, social status, 60, 63;
opposition to amusements, 157-58, 440;
education, 296-301, 363;
opposition to religious extravagances, 402,
controversy over local, 347;
camp meeting, 394, 403, 408;
superannuated, 423, 424;
in Great Revival, 431;
salaries, 437-38;
services to community, 438;
discipline, 439;
services at public executions, 677, 678.
See Negro preachers.
- Preissnitz, Vincent, 757.
- Prentice, George D., 791.
- Presbyterian Church, in colonial period, 18;
moral associations, 169;
temperance movement, 169, 170, 455, 456;
minister suspended, 193;
and colonial marriages, 204;
and Davidson College, 296-98;
schools for women, 307;
discussed, 348-53;
education, 353;
discontented elements, 367;
number in 1860, 369;
Great Revival, 376-82, 409, 431;
schism, 379 and n;
camp meetings, 384, 385, 388;
examination of licentiates, 441;
sessions enforce discipline, 448;
on slavery, 459, 465-66, 465n, 560;
uses Jones' Catechism, 544;
Foote's Sketches, 816.
See Synod of North Carolina.
- President, American frigate, 784.
- Press, the. See Newspapers;
Periodicals;
Printeries.
- Price, A. L., 772.
- Price, William J., 772.
- Price fluctuation, effect, 15, 65-66;
of slaves, 475-76, 520, 521.
- Primary Schools. See Public schools, Subscription schools.
- Primitive Baptist. 802.
- Primitive Baptist, 299, 341, 342,
See Baptists.
- Princeton University, 286, 292, 298, 323;
Nassau Hall, 293 and n;
Orange Presbytery needs graduates, 437;
John Chavis, 609.
- Printeries, staff, 774-75;
presses, 775;
paper used, 775-76;
type, 776-77;
finances, 807-8;
book work, 813, 815;
early imprints, 813-14;
F. X. Martin, 817.
- Prison, provided for in bill of 1800, 662;
bounds, 655;
Nichols plan of 1816, 666;
cost of as proposed in 1846, 672.
See Penitentiary;
Jails.
- Private schools and colleges, public school funds for, 273;
Ch. X, 283-308;
subscription schools, 283-84;
academies, 284-88;
special schools, 288-91;
denominational colleges, 296-302;
education of women, 302-8.
See Academies, Subscription schools.
- Privies, use of lime, 127;
schoolhouse, 312;
for slaves, 525-26;
indication of settled life, 717;
location, 720.
- Proceedings and Debates of the Convention of North Carolina, 814.
- Produce, in colonial period, 15;
accepted in payments, 15, 320n, 806;
Western North Carolina, 122;
sold in towns, 137-38;
sold in Virginia and South Carolina, 828.
See Crops;
Staples.
- Professional class, in colonial period, 6;
number tabulated, 57 and n;
social status, 58, 60-61, 63, 79;
difficulty of State in retaining, 748.
See Doctors;
Preachers;
Teachers;
Lawyers.
- Prohibition, 171.
See Temperance.
- Prosecutions, 666, 671;
tables of, 667, 670.
- Prostitution, town ordinances, 127;
in towns, 215-16;
as cause of church discipline, 452;
Negroes, 591, 593;
vagrancy acts aimed at. 648-49.
- Protestant Episcopal Church, in North Carolina, education, 286, 307;
in colonial period, 332-33;
Convention in Tarboro, 333;
growth, 333-36;
seeks union with Lutherans, 361, 431;
number in 1860, 369;
camp meeting, 409;
missions, 413-14;
society for promotion of piety, 418, 419;
Sunday schools, 420;
vestry, 423, 448;
relief work, 424, 425;
shares Wake Union Church with Baptists, 431;
Great Revival, 431;
ministers, 437, 441-42;
position on slavery, 466;
religious instruction of Negroes, 547-48, 612;
Church Intelligencer, 803;
Bible . . . Society, 816.
- Prout, H. H., 414.
- Provincialism, 22-31, 52n, 830.
- Public opinion, Avery case, 47;
social status, 67;
sex offenses, 212, 213;
offering head price for slave, 494;
treatment of slaves, 494-95;
wilful killing of slave, 501;
unwarranted cruelty, 503;
slave violences against whites, 507 and n;
shift of on free Negroes, 611;
treatment of local news, 781.
See Reform movements.
- Public schools, opposition to, 37, 260-2;
as social centers, 95, 100, 113;
Ch. IX, 259-82;
agitation, 260, 262-65, 828, 831;
attempted legislation, 266-272;
act of 1839, 271-72;
administration to 1852, 272-76;
indifference to, 276-77;
under C. H. Wiley, 277-82, 279n-281n;
number, 280;
buildings, 272-73, 276, 284, 311;
equipment, 312-13;
curriculum, 315-16;
teachers, 319-21;
methods, 321-22;
free Negroes excluded, 601;
power of county court to appoint superintendent, 622.
See University of North Carolina.
- Pulliam, M. A. and S., 247.
- Pulliam's boarding house, Raleigh, 152.
- Punishments, object of prevention of crime, 645;
application of death penalty in 1817, 645-46;
codification of code urged, 646-47;
clergyable offenses, 647;
dismemberment, 647-48, 682;
imprisonment, 647, 648, 649-50, 649n;
pillorying, whipping, or fine, 648, 649 and n;
branding, 648, 682;
cruel and unusual, 650;
under Revised Statutes of 1837, 651;
under Revised Code, 652-53;
imprisonment as substitute for benefit of clergy, 653;
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