Ante-Bellum North Carolina: A Social History:
Electronic Edition.
Johnson, Guion Griffis, 1900- 1989
INDEX
Page 909
INDEX
Abbott, Henry, 412.
Abernethy, W. H., quoted, 273.
Abolition movement, and woman's rights, 249-50;
and Quaker position, 356, 572-73;
society agent said to be in state, 422;
ultraism of the day, 458;
alarm over, 461, 572;
work of infidels, 464;
effect on slave legislation, 499, 500, 521, 543, 550;
literature, 515, 518, 543, 550, 572-80.
See Anti-slavery movement.
Academies, in colonial period, 18;
in towns, 119;
public examinations, 155, 304, 325-26;
female, 173, 177, 303, 307;
female departments, 228, 307-8;
free instruction to few, 266;
subsidies from Literary Fund, 273;
discussed, 284-88;
separation of sexes in, 302;
buildings, 309-10;
equipment, 313-14;
teachers, 323-325;
principals serve as pastors, 442.
Adams, James, Wilmington printer, 814.
Adams, Jesse, removal from Senate, 429.
Adams, John, 818, 821.
Adams, John Quincy, 564-65.
Adventures of Captain Simon Suggs, 824.
Advertisements, 45-46, 245, 778, 779, 792-94.
Affray, 658, 659, 660, 667, 670.
African Methodists, 545-46.
Africans. See Slaves.
Agriculture, colonial, 6, 15;
products, 15, 481-89, 482n;
signs of zodiac in, 48;
number employed in, 53;
methods on fifty-acre farm, 66;
scientific, 81;
societies, 106-9, 139;
State Board, 107, 296;
lack of market for, 115;
schools of, 288, 290;
causes of low state, 478;
use of fertilizer, 478-79, 481-82, 484, 486;
methods on Woodbourne plantation, 479-80;
cotton plantation described, 481-82;
tobacco plantation described, 482-84;
Burgwyn studies in Europe, 485;
effect of slavery on, 562;
and the press, 766-67, 795-97.
See Farmers;
Farms.
Almanacs, 48, 810, 811;
"the farmers' Bible." 718;
information in, 743, 745, 753;
North Carolina Temperance Almanac, 803.
Alston, W., 642.
American Farmer, 483.
American Messenger, 418.
American Missionary, 579.
American Museum, 817.
American Recorder, 767.
Amusements. See Games;
Sports;
Recreation;
Rural life.
Anderson, Edwin, eye specialist, 745.
Anderson, T. C., 817.
Andrew, Bishop J. O., 465.
Andrews, Joseph, 304.
Anglicans, 343, 348.
Annals of Southern Methodism, 802.
Anson County, 34, 77, 53, 349, 383n, 470n, 530, 608-9.
Anthony, Susan B., 248.
Anti-Federalists, 260.
Anti-slavery movement, and Methodists, 345;
and Wesleyan Methodists, 347;
and Quakers, 461;
American Anti-Slavery Society, 489, 563, 593;
anti-slavery views, 560-81.
See Abolition movement.
Appeal in Four Articles, 515, 516, 517-19, 572.
Apprentice system, 17, 57n, 58, 68, 70;
as provision for orphans, 258;
as form of education, 265;
free Negro subject to, 600, 601;
discussed, 703-8.
Arator, 797;
quoted, 66, 69, 484.
Archdale, Gov. John, 354.
Architecture, log cabins, 20, 224;
country taverns, 96;
courthouses, 118;
temperance hall, 168;
houses, 224-27;
academy buildings, 309-10;
public schools, 311-12,
churches, 434-36,
slave quarters, 525-26.
See Houses.
Arends, John Gottfried, 359.
Aristocracy, newspaper correspondent on the law of caste, 52-53;
Raleigh, 52 and n, 61-62;
modifications in, 53, 58-59;
nature of, 62-63;
bubble, 74;
in town government, 123-25;
and education, 262;
and University of North Carolina, 296.
See Gentry;
Social classes;
Upper classes.
Armstrong, Edward, 692.
Armstrong, Gray, planter, 490.
Armstrong, John, 299, 436, 442.
Arrington, B. F., dentist, 747.
Art, in education of women, 303-4;
cost of instruction, 306.
Asheboro (Ashboro), Female Academy, 325;
trial of Daniel Worth, 580;
Southern Citizen, 795n;
Craven and Brown magazines, 798.
Asheville, influence on coming of railroad, 25-26;
main road, 27-28;
mail service, 29;
people characterized, 39;
James Madison Baird, 44;
dress, 89;
importance, 115;
board of health, 127;
library society, 166n;
mechanics association, 174n;
Warm Springs, 188;
Female Academy, 307;
Methodists, 348;
Presbyterian Church, 353;
Episcopal school, 414;
Western Carolina Temperance Advocate, 803;
Messenger, 823.
Asheville Messenger, 25-26, 823.
Atkin's Bank, 118.
Atkinson, Bishop Thomas, 336, 441-42, 443n.
Atlantic and North Carolina Railroad Company, 25, 117, 119.
Atson, William, 231.
Attempts at Rhyming, 826.
Attmore, William, quoted, 13, 102-3.
Auburn, Ala., Gazette, quoted, 829.
Augsburg Confession, 359, 360.
Augusta, Ga., 8, 28.
Augusta, Ga., Centinel, quoted, 421.
Austin, Benjamin J., 770 and n.
Avery, William Waightsill, 47.
Avirett, James Battle, 226.
Ayer, H. W., 157n.
Aykroyd, James, 290.
Bachelor, Wright W., 766.
Bachelors, toast to, 142-43;
tax on proposed, 201;
proportion of, 202.
Bacon, Jarvis, C., 577.
Badger, Fanny, 229.
Badger, George E., 158, 726, 813, 815.
Bain, William T., 815.
Baine, Matthew, 552.
Page 910
Baird, James Madison, 44.
Bakeries, regulation, 132.
Ball games, 109-11, 551.
Ballad writers, 810.
Ballot Box, temperance paper, 804.
Balls, for President Monroe, 141;
subscription, 142, 156-60;
in Warrenton, 143;
in Raleigh, 143-144;
during races, 182;
tournament, 185;
young lady escorted by family, 195;
near camp meeting, 408.
See Dancing.
Baltimore, 336, 482, 769, 823.
Baltimore Jockey Club, 183.
Bancroft, George, 820.
Bandy, described, 109, 110 and n;
on Sunday forbidden, 128;
University professors complain of, 295;
penalty for playing at school, 327.
Bangs, Nathan, on encampments, 391.
Banks, 16, 37, 271n-272n, 473.
Banks, James, 816.
Baptist State Convention, and Wake Forest College, 298-300, 342;
organization, 341-42;
missions, 413,
publication society, 419;
Sunday schools, 420-21, 422;
relief work, 424;
on Baptist churches, 436.
Baptists, in colonial period, 18, 337-39, 350;
and erection of churches, 100, 435, 436;
and temperance movement, 169;
on marriage laws, 203-4;
expansion and division, 339-43, 348, 352, 370;
and Disciples of Christ, 367;
Union, 368;
number in 1860, 369;
Great Revivals, 372-73; 385-88, 409;
share Church with Episcopalians, 431;
ministerial education, 440, 442;
conferences enforce discipline, 448;
associations on temperance, 455, 456, 457,
associations on slavery, 462, 560;
schism over slavery, 465;
liberties given slaves, 544-46;
Ralph Freeman, free Negro preacher, 608-9;
periodicals, 802.
Bastardy, petitions to Legislature on, 210-11;
laws against, 212-14;
procedure in cases of, 214-15, 657, 661,
slave incapable of, 537;
effect of emancipation on, 537;
and race mixing, 589, 590n;
jurisdiction of justice of peace, 619;
frequency, 658, 659, 660, 670.
See Illegitimacy.
Bath, N. C., 470, 475, 796.
Bathrooms, scarcity of, 718-19;
public, 719.
Baths, on frontier, 717, 718;
in homes of wealthy, 718;
warm and shower, 744;
hydrotherapy, 757.
Battle, C. C., 586.
Battle, Dr. Jeremiah, quoted, 54, 104, 186, 224, 259-60, 725.
Benefit of clergy, second offense of mayhem ousted, 42;
dueling resulting in death ousted, 44;
extended to slaves, 497;
extended to free Negroes, 500;
murderer of slave not entitled to, 502,
kidnaping free Negro ousted, 597;
legislation on, 645;
discussed, 647;
bigamy clergyable, 651;
crimes ousted of, 652;
abolished by Revised Code, 653.
Benevolence See Philanthropy.
Bennehan, Thomas D., 687-88.
Bennett, D. K., Chronology of North Carolina, 799.
Betting, on sports, 17;
at cards, 95 and n;
at gander pulling, 111;
at county seats, 117;
at horse races, 182, 184n, 185-86;
at games of chance, 186-87.
Bevens, Mrs. E., School for Young Ladies, 307.
Bible, use in schools, 314, 317;
unfamiliarity with, 331-32;
societies, 341, 346, 416, 417, 442n;
distribution, 416-18, 423, 432-33;
classes, 426, 436;
belief in as officeholding test, 427, 428;
jurisdiction of churches based on, 462-63;
sanction of slavery, 463-64;
duty of masters to teach slaves to read, 541-42, 543-44.
duty of masters to teach apprentices to read, 705,
Almanac, for farmers, 718.
Biblical Recorder, 213, 463, 802, 804, 809.
Biggs, Asa, quoted, 568.
Biggs, Joseph, 815.
Biglow, S., 804.
Bills of credit, issuance, 15;
academy, 285;
of wardens of poor, 689.
Bingham, D. H., 289.
Bingham, Lemuel, 768.
Bingham and Krider, printers, 770 and n.
Bingham and White, printers, 767.
Birth registration, 252.
"Black Republican" party, 567, 823.
Blackbeard, play by L. Sawyer, 824.
Blacksmiths, 57n, 98, 119, 132.
Blackstone's Commentaries, 288, 289.
Blackwell, Charles, 743.
Bladen County, 106, 349, 488, 514-15, 515-16, 556n, 629.
Blake, Nathaniel O., 775.
Blatchford's Hotel, 152.
Blind, the, Morehead asks for state asylum, 711;
provision for instruction, 716;
operations, 745;
Blount, Frederick S., quoted, 31, 37-38, 193.
Blount, J. G., quoted, 495, 572-73.
Blount, Mrs., tea drinking, 206.
Blount, Nathaniel, 333, 405.
Blum, John C., publisher, 811.
Boarding houses, 32, 152, 246.
Boarding schools, for women, 247;
McPheeters, 286.
Boddie, William W., 584.
Bond, Silas, case cited, 71.
Bonner, John, funeral, 147-48.
Book binderies, in Raleigh, 814;
in Fayetteville, Wilmington and New Bern, 814-15.
Book stores, Gales in Raleigh, 765;
North Carolina Book Store, 811;
Hale's in Fayetteville, 814.
Burglary, death without benefit of clergy, 645 and n;
under Revised Code, 652;
frequency, 659, 660;
convictions and prosecutions, 666-67;
case of failure to prosecute, 671.
Caldwell, David, log college, 285, 377;
and Great Revival, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381;
Caruther's Sketch, 816-17.
Caldwell, Mrs. David, 380.
Caldwell, John, 297.
Caldwell, Joseph, Numbers of Carlton and Letters on Popular Education, 24. 296, 812;
quoted, 116-17, 228, 263-64, 267, 271, 331-32, 714;
and University of North Carolina, 292-94;
Elementary Geometry, 822.
Caldwell, Thomas, poet, 826.
Caldwell Institute, Greensboro, 317.
Calhoun, John C., visit, 141;
funeral, 146.
Calomel, in treatment of influenza, 732;
of cholera infantum, 742;
of worms, 742;
as purgative, 750;
in typhoid fever, 751.
Camp meeting and revival movements, social status of leaders, 60;
influence, 93, 181, 209;
recreational feature, 100, 408;
Chap. XIII, 371-409.
See Great Revival.
Camp meeting songs, 137.
See Spiritual songs.
Campbell, Alexander, visit, 367.
Campbell, J. D., editor, 799.
Campbell, James, 106.
Campbell, Rev. James, 349.
Campbell, Thomas, 366, 367.
Campbell Minstrels, 180.
Canals, 6, 115, 118, 119.
Canoe, John. See John Canoe.
Cantwell, Edward, 566;
quoted, 618, 646-47, 654.
Cape Fear Recorder, 37, 767, 769.
Capeheart, T., 571.
Capitol, burning of, 32, 165;
described, 121;
water tower, 136;
uses put to, 139-140,
Lafayette at, 140;
celebration of completion, 143-144;
Square, 173, 174.
Card playing, 95 and n, 186-87, 243, 327, 490, 498, 557,
Caruthers, Rev. Eli. W., quoted, 11-12, 331, 381 399, 399-400, 405-6, 437, 440-41;
"Evils of Slavery," 462,
Sketch of the Life and Character of the Rev. David Caldwell, 816-17;
Old North State, 817.
Childbirth, use of midwives, 252, 739;
of slaves, 527, 530;
death penalty for concealing, 646;
concealing misdemeanor under Revised Statutes of 1837, 651;
frequency of, 739;
use of spirituous liquors in, 740 and n.
Children, number, 58, 69, 102n, 250, 251;
of middle class, 64;
parents spoil, 78;
care of, 235-36, 238;
education of by mothers, 238 and n;
infant death rate, 250-51;
effect of nurses on, 252-53;
discipline, 253-55, 326-29;
legal status, 255-56;
guardianship of, 256-58;
opposition to educating poor, 261-62;
education of poor, 265-66, 425, 433;
religious instruction, 419-22, 447-48;
care of slave, 527;
of slaves take status of mother, 588;
apprentice system, 703-8;
health, 741-43.
See Infant care.
Church benevolence. See names of denominations;
Philanthrophy.
Church Intelligencer, 803.
Church of England, 18, 148, 204, 332-33, 337, 343, 354, 431, 684.
Church services, in country, 100;
in town, 128, 139;
in settlers' homes, 430;
discussed, 442-46;
neglect of as cause for discipline, 451, 452.
Church wardens. See Wardens of poor.
Circuses, 158, 179, 190.
Civil jurisdiction, of magistrate's court, 617 and n;
of county court, 621;
of superior court, 623;
contracts, 628-29;
imprisonment for debt, 654-57.
Civil rights, property qualification on officeholding, 34-35, 76;
property qualification on the franchise, 35-36;
restoration by legislative act, 44;
deprived of on conviction of crime, 71;
restraint of free Negroes, 598-99;
incapacity of free Negro as legal witness against white, 599;
free Negroes required to register, 599-600;
legislation of 1830-31 against free Negro, 600-1;
retained by free Negroes, 601;
free Negro's right to vote, 601-4.
See Freedom of Speech;
Natural rights.
Clancy, John D., 769.
Clarendon Horse Guards, 173.
Clark, Henry S., duel, 790.
Clark, Mary, quoted, 94.
Clarke, Mary Bayard, Wood-Notes, 825;
Mosses from a Rolling Stone, 826;
quoted, 829-30.
Class consciousness. See Social Classes.
Clay, Henry, 141, 150, 249, 787.
Clay, William H., 159.
Clay-eating, 72-73.
Clements, William, 334.
Clemonsville High School, 300, 326.
Clergy, social status, 60;
opposition to theaters, 178;
denied seat in Legislature, 427, 428-29;
jury and patrol duty, 429-30.
See Preachers.
Cleveland County, 5, 188, 632, 633, 776.
Clinton, Thomas L., duel, 45.
Clinton, conspiracy, 519-20.
Coakley, Benjamin, 219.
Cockfighting, 17, 128, 180-81, 184n.
Coffee, drinking, 91, 158, 160, 227, 232, 523.
Coffle, slave, 473.
Cogswell, Joseph Green, quoted, 52n.
Coke, Bishop Thomas, 346, 374, 420.
Cole, C. C., editor, 801.
Cole, Dr. John, 709.
Colfax 576.
Collection of All the Public Acts of Assembly, 813.
Colleges, denominational, Davidson, 296-98;
Wake Forest, 298-300;
Trinity, 300-1;
New Garden Boarding School, 301-2.
Collins, Josiah, Jr., 485, 488, 548.
Colloquial and provincial expressions, fall sores, 73;
terms applied to lovers, 195-196;
of camp meeting, 392, 396;
bees, spells, 435;
marryings, buryings, 438;
deaconing the lives, 444;
preaching, 445;
Gospel steps, 450;
black family, 468;
first dark, 479,
shufflers, 479;
pleasured, 522;
after task, 530;
seeing pleasure, 540;
Christmas gift, 552;
example in Negro's speech, 557;
three-cent drinks on the wink, 559;
being in law, 629;
put a period to her existence, 709;
big houses, 718;
wash place, 718;
dirt farmer, 723;
fever breeder, 726;
summer complaint, 730;
independent as a woodsawyer, 829.
See Slang.
Colonial and State Records, 820.
Colonization movement, assistance of Quakers, 462
Joseph Gales, 569;
Legislature, 569;
societies, 462, 569-70,
confused with anti-slavery agitation, 570;
contributions to, 570-72.
Colton, Henry E., 823.
Columbia, S. C., 5, 23, 196-98, 252, 362, 414, 527.
Page 913
Columbian College, 299.
Columbian Repository, 795, 797, 799.
Columbus County, 272, 488.
Commerce, 3-4, 5-6, 8, 23, 115, 830.
See Industries;
Trade.
Commercial, Wilmington, 773, 789.
Common law, marriages, 207-8, 207n;
legislative enactment of 1778 concerning, 646;
benefit of clergy, 647;
more specific definitions of by Revised Statutes of 1837, 651.
Common School Fund, 279n.
See Literary Fund.
Common schools. See Public schools.
Communication, means of in colonial period, 19;
effect of lack on society, 22, 115.
See Postal service, Transportation, Telegraph, Newspapers.
Communism, of early Moravian settlement, 363-64.
Concord, plank roads, 26.
Concord Presbytery, Davidson College, 297;
establishment, 351 and n;
Great Revival, 377-78, 382;
missionary, 411-12.
Constables, popular election agitated, 76;
town, 126, 127, 128;
levy process at church, 445n.
Cook, Hepsebeth, 692.
Cook, Joshua, apprenticed, 704.
Cook, Mary, apprenticed, 704.
Cooke, William D., 714-16, 797, 799-800, 804.
Cooke, William D., and Co., 796-97.
Cooper, Jesse, 428, 603.
Corn, as North Carolina crop, 6, 53, 485, 478-79, 481, 482n, 485.
Corn shucking, 91-92, 95, 554, 559.
Cornell, Catherine, 302.
Cotten, Edward R., 821.
Cotton, areas, 5, 53, 482;
mills, 99, 117;
use of compost, 478-79;
as plantation crop, 481;
on Panola plantation, 481-82;
replaces tobacco, 482n;
sold in Virginia and South Carolina, 828.
Cotton Plant, steamboat, 151.
Counterfeiting, 645, 646, 648, 651, 678.
Country fairs, 106-107, 108-109.
Country Line Association, 340n, 420.
Country stores. See Stores.
County Commissioners, 616, 635.
County courts. See Ch. XXI, 613-43.
County seats, location of, 32, 116-117;
importance of, 116.
Courthouses, as social center, 101, 108, 139, 141, 142, 143, 152, 168, 172;
locations of, 116-117;
described, 118, 120, 615;
center of town business, 119;
public contracts let at door, 131.
Courtship and marriage customs, at summer resorts, 189;
Ch. VII, 191-223.
Crimes, punishable by death, 645-46;
codification of code urged, 647-48;
clergyable offenses, 647;
punishable by dismemberment, 647-48;
punishable by pillorying, whipping, or fine, 647-50, 649n;
punishable by branding, 648;
under Revised Statutes, 651-52;
under Revised Code, 652-53;
frequency tables, 658-60;
agitation for a penitentiary, 661-73;
leniency of juries and increase of, 674-76.
See Misdemeanors.
Curriculum, of subscription schools, 284, 314;
of academies, 284, 316-17;
of colleges, 293-94;
of women's schools, 303-4, 305-6, 325;
of common schools, 315-16;
religious instruction in, 317.
"Curse of Canaan," justification for slavery, 463-64, 463n.
Curtis, M. A., 753n.
Cutting, Leonidas, 33, 334.
Dancing, country, 48, 148;
in planter's home, 84;
dress at, 86;
frolic, 90, 93;
rope or wire, 139, 148;
on steamboat, 151;
subscription, 142, 156-58;
opposition to, 157-58, 440, 449;
types of, 158-59;
on Capitol Square, 174-75;
at summer resorts, 189;
in education of women, 303;
camp meeting, 396, 399-400;
Morris, 439;
as cause of church discipline, 451;
slaves at Christmas, 552;
at slave marriage, 536;
at slave funeral, 540n;
Kuner, 553;
of slaves at frolics, 554-55, 701;
act of 1794 regulating slaves, 554;
during court week, 614.
Day, Thomas, free Negro cabinet maker, 585;
manufacturer of Daybed, 607;
owner of slaves, 608.
Deaf, care of, 269, 711-15.
Deaf Mute, 804.
Deans, Daniel, and Methodism, 375.
Death penalty, 644, 645-46, 651, 652-53, 654, 662, 665.
Debating societies, 164, 166-67, 168, 318, 439.
Page 914
Debow, Solomon, 350.
De Bow's Review, quoted, 543.
Debt, settlement by church court, 450, 451;
imprisonment for, 654-57.
DeCarteret, John H., book bindery, 814.
Deems, Charles F., writer, 445, 802, 804, 816, 826.
Deists, 369, 403, 427, 765.
Democracy, movement roward, 72-77.
Democratic Free Press, 804.
Democratic Messenger, 772.
Democratic party, and free suffrage, 35-36;
campaign of 1840, 150;
North Carolina Standard, 770-71;
Wilmington Journal, 772;
newspapers, 787;
North Carolina party stronger than, 828-29.
Democratic Review, quoted, 74.
Denison, Mary A., 801.
Dent, Rev., Episcopal minister, 333.
Dentistry, 745-47.
Detargny, Martin, 286, 323.
Devereux, T. P., 474, 523.
Devereux, Thomas Pollock, of Raleigh, 85.
Dialect, example, 103;
influence of Negro nurses on, 252;
benny, 754;
poor white, 824;
See Colloquial and provincial expressions.
Dialectic Society, 292.
Diaspora, of Moravian Church, 365.
Dick, Rev. Thomas, 181 and n.
Dickson, Alexander, 692.
Dickson, Dr. J. H., quoted, 720-21, 730, 742.
Dickson, William, quoted, 224.
Diet, small farmers, 16, 66, 90;
planters, 84-85;
poor classes, 91;
children, 236;
slaves, 522-23;
slave children, 527;
infants, 741;
effect on teeth, 746.
See Food.
Directorium and Unity Vorsteher Collegium, 364.
Disciples of Christ, expansion, 365-68;
number in 1860, 369;
newspapers edited by J. T. Walsh, 802-3.
Diseases, Ch. XXIV.
Dismukes, A. H., editor, 767, 768.
Disorderly house, 659, 667, 670.
Divorce, petitions for, 202 and n;
legislative control of, 217-18, 219;
acts of 1814 and 1827, 218-19, 223;
separation contracts, 219-20;
causes for tabulated, 220-23;
race mixing as ground, 588-89;
constitutional amendment of 1835, 625.
Dix, Dorothea L., on jail conditions, 681-82;
on care of poor, 693, 696-97;
on care of insane, 710-11, 712.
Dix Hill, 713.
Dixon, Alexander, 265.
Dobbins, James C., 712-13.
Dobbins, Mrs. James C., 712.
Dobbs, Arthur, colonial governor, 358.
Doctors, number in 1860, 60;
in county seats, 116;
in childbirth, 252, 739, 740;
folk, 739, 747, 754-56;
education of, 289;
Moravian, 364;
employed for care of slaves, 527-28;
slave, 527;
charity work, 700-1;
care of insane, 708;
on tuberculosis, 729-30;
use of smallpox vaccine, 735;
surgery, 743-45;
dentistry, 745-47;
number, 747, 761;
fees, 748-49;
education, 749;
medical therapy, 749-52;
of the cults, 756-57;
fight for medical board, 758-63, 830.
Dodge, James R., quoted, 643.
Doherty, W. H., 322.
Don Quixote Invincibles, 109, 145, 148, 185.
Donaldson Cotton Factory, 489.
Do-nothing policy, 23, 31, 37, 673-77.
Dorcas Society, 163n.
Doub, William C., 767.
Dow, Lorenzo, revivalist, 403;
on camp meeting disorders, 407.
Dower, right of, 241, 621.
Drane, Robert B., 816.
Dress, of women, 87-88, 151, 246, 792;
materials, 88;
of men, 89, 90;
at dances, 157;
military, 173;
for ring tournament, 184;
churches disapprove fine clothes, 449;
of slaves, 523-25;
John Canoe, 553;
condemned criminals, 677, 678.
Drinking, 17, 96, 97, 98;
at dinner, 84-85;
at fire-side, 91;
at corn shucking, 92;
at dances, 93, 159-60;
at country stores, 99;
Fourth of July, 142;
at Christmas, 145;
at funeral, 146;
in campaign of 1840, 150;
increase, 153;
of ministers, 439;
of slaves, 556-59;
legislation to control slaves', 557.
See Drunkenness.
Droughts, 697-99.
Drugs and remedies, Ch. XXIV, especially, 752
et seq.
Drunkenness, frequency, 17, 97-98, 456;
at musters, 103;
at fairs, 106;
in town, 151;
as cause for divorce, 221, 223;
opposition of churches, 346, 449;
at camp meeting, 407;
on Sunday fined, 447;
as cause for church discipline, 450, 451-52, 451n, 454, 458;
of slaves, 553, 556-59;
during court week, 614;
of justices of county court, 634;
punishment, 649;
at public executions, 677-78, 679;
proposal to send to house of correction, 695.
Duels, Spaight-Stanly, 42, 43-44;
Clingman-Yancey, 45;
Wilkings-Flanner, 45;
law against, 44,
as result of horse races, 183;
of courtship, 197, 198-99;
punishment for killing in, 645;
newspaper, 790.
Duke University, early history, 300-1;
first building described, 310.
Editors, slave interests, 566;
William Boylan, 765;
Gales family, 765-66;
in 1810, 766;
in 1823, 767;
Dennis Heartt, 767-68;
George Howard, 769;
Greensborough Patriot, 769;
Western Carolinian, 769-70, 770n;
Thomas Loring, 770-71;
W. W. Holden, 771;
Carolina Watchman, 771-72;
Wilmington Journal, 772;
news policy, 781-86;
editorial policy, 786-94;
on reading habits of people 804-5.
See Newspapers; Periodicals.
Edmundson, William, 353 and n, 354.
Page 915
Education, in colonial period, 18, 265, 285, 296;
attitude toward, 80, 81, 260-72;
polite branches of, 159, 228, 303;
library societies substitution for, 167;
of women, 228, 302-8, 343;
in home, 238 and n;
agitation for free, 260, 262-65;
opposition to, 261-62, 330;
effect on poverty, 263, 264;
methods and curriculum, 309-30;
ministerial, 362, 440-42;
of slave forbidden, 498;
bill of 1800 on slave, 500;
of slaves, 541-43, 559;
of free Negroes, 610;
of apprentices, 705-6;
of deaf and blind, 714-16;
medical, 749.
See Public Schools, Subscription schools, Academies, Colleges, University of North Carolina.
Edwards, Morgan, visit, 372, 373.
Edwards' History of Redemption, 441.
Elections, country stores polling places for, 98;
described, 104-5;
city, 124-25, 148, 149;
congregating of slaves at, 551.
Elizabeth City, Sawyer's letter on electioneering, 105;
population, 114, 583;
courthouse, 139;
court week, 148;
dances, 159;
Dorcas Society, 163;
Episcopal parochial school, 425;
suit against Methodist minister, 430;
insurrection of 1802, 510;
Negro trader ridden on rail, 534;
Episcopal Negro congregation, 547;
free Negroes, 583, 606;
courtyard cleared, 614;
yellow fever of 1810, 729;
Asiatic cholera, 730-31;
newspapers, 766, 767, 768-69;
Herald of the Times, 799,
Star in the East, 804.
Elizabeth City Gazette, 766.
Elizabeth City Star, 767, 768-69.
Ellenwood, H. S., poet, 825.
Ellis, Governor John W., 307.
Elm City Cadets, 129.
Emancipation, of slaves, Christianity as reason, 458 and n;
Quaker position, 459-61;
churches on gradual, 459, 467;
unconditional, 461;
in North, 472;
legal effect of, on slave marriages, 537;
early views on, 561-63;
Minerva on gradual, 562;
Burgwyn on effects of English, 565;
effect of theory of natural rights on, 562, 593;
Helper's call for, 568;
colonial laws on, 593;
act of 1795, 593-94;
jurisdiction of county courts over, 594;
by legislative act, 595;
jurisdiction of superior courts, 595-96;
by will, deed, or trust, 596-97;
provision for by John Craven, 596-97;
quasi-slavery void, 597;
petitions from free Negroes, 607-8.
Emerald, 797.
Emigration, of farmers, 3;
drain on population, 21;
discussed, 38-41;
North Carolinians living outside State tabulated, 40;
B. S. Hedrick on, 567;
west-ward movement, 827.
See Migration.
Emmons, Ebenezer, 525-26.
Empie, Adam, Episcopal minister, 335.
Engagement, marriage, 192, 198, 199-202.
English, Mary, 693.
Epidemics, and creation of boards of health, 127;
Ch. XXIV;
fever of 1842, 727;
fever of 1846-47, 727-28.
See Diseases.
Episcopal Church. See Protestant Episcopal Church.
Equity court. See Court System.
Ergot, use in childbirth, 740.
Erwin, Dr. J. S., 760.
Etheridge, William, 43.
Etiquette, of duel, 42, 45;
social niceties of, 53, 192;
in Raleigh, 62;
described, 64;
of petty officeholders, 65;
southern, 83-85;
of balls, 156-57, 157n;
of formal letter, 196.
Evangelical Lutheran Synod of North Carolina, organization, 359;
expansion, 360-62;
bounds, 361n;
mission work, 414;
Sunday school work, 419-20;
declines union with Protestant Episcopal Convention, 431;
ministers, 441;
church councils, 448;
position on intemperance, 457;
position on slavery, 466;
resolution of 1814 on Negroes, 546.
See Lutherans.
Evangelical Museum, publication, 802.
Evans, C. N. B., editor, 769.
Evans, Henry, free Negro, 344-45, 549.
Everett, Edward, visit, 141.
Evergreen, publication, 798.
Excursions, week-end, 84-85;
boat, 151.
Executions, public, 174, 677-79.
Extra-marital relations, children born prior to marriage, 209-10, 209n;
bastardy cases, 210-12;
laws on, 212-15.
Factories, employees, 66;
location, 98-99;
cotton, 99, 117, 247;
Fayetteville, 136;
candle and soap, 233;
white girls in, 247;
children in, 247;
slave labor, 489.
See Mills.
Faddis, John, 533, 534, 746.
Fairs, 106-9, 185, 702.
Falkner, Sarah, 306.
Falkner Boarding School, 247, 305-6, 306-7.
Family, size of, 58, 69, 251-52;
discipline, 193, 253-55;
the dwelling, 224-28;
the ante-bellum woman, 228-31;
housewifery, 231-38;
woman's legal status, 238-45;
woman as wage earner, 245-50;
status of children, 250-58;
religious worship, 349, 353;
of slaves, 535-41;
slaves attend family prayers, 547;
medical practices, 747, 752.
Family Vister, 803.
Farmers, number tabulated, 57;
social position, 58, 65-67;
number in legislature, 63;
dress of, 86, 88, 90;
recreation, 90-109, 113;
sports, 109-13;
position on slavery, 561, 567;
Helper on effect of slavery, 567-68;
opposed to reform, 627;
use of almanac, 718.
See Farms;
Yeomanry.
Farmers' Advocate, publication, 796.
Farmer's Advocate and Miscellaneous Reporter, 796 and n.
Farms, region of small, 53;
economy, 54, 65-66, 81;
size tabulated, 54;
cash value of average, 55;
100-acre gifts proposed, 55;
described, 66;
recreation on, 90-95;
in connection with poor houses, 694-95;
apprentices on, 705.
Farrand, Stephen Lee, 177.
Farrow, John, 219, 220.
Farrow, Rebekah, 219, 220.
Fayetteville, Cape Fear navigable to, 5;
Scotch settle, 11;
plank roads, 26;
roads to impassable, 27;
mail service, 29 and n;
telegraph, 30;
feud over capital, 32;
fortune teller, 50;
population, 114, 117, 583;
location, 115-16;
growth of, 117-18;
described, 121;
board of health, 127;
free Negroes, 128, 583, 599-600, 606;
street repair, 131-132;
fire protection, 132, 133, 134, 136;
wagoners' camp described, 137;
market house, 138;
Lafayette's visit, 140;
boat excursion, 151;
hotels, 152 and n;
shop talk, 154;
lodge, 156;
dance 157n, 159;
St. John's Church, 163, 266, 425, 435-36;
Female Orphan Asylum, 163-64, 266;
Female Society of Industry, 163-64, 702;
reading room, 164;
library organizations, 166n;
Lyceum Association, 167;
temperance society, 170;
mechanics association, 174;
theatrical society, 177;
public entertainments, 178-79;
gambling, 187;
concealment of childbirth, 212-13;
houses on road, 224;
candle factory, 233;
shops, 247;
academy, 285, 292, 309-10;
infant school, 290-91;
Presbyterian church, 292;
Methodist Church, 344,
420, 545;
North Carolina Presbyterian, 352;
revival, 384;
Bible Society station, 417;
Hay Street Sunday School, 421;
female missionary society, 425;
church quarrel, 432;
slave prices in 1859, 476;
advertisement for runaway, 493;
and conspiracy of 1831, 519-20;
African Episcopal Congregation, 547;
white sentenced for kidnaping free Negro, 597;
petition for free Negroes, 599;
free Negro vote in municipal elections, 604;
free Negro barber, 607;
free Negro school, 610;
district court, 622;
county seat town, 657n;
controversy over location of penitentiary, 664, 669;
Page 916
contribution to poor of Europe, 698;
health ordinances, 720-21;
introduction of smallpox vaccine, 735;
dentists, 747;
newspapers, 765, 766;
Observer, 767, 768;
religious papers, 794-95, 801-2;
Mrs. Mary Ayer Miller, 826.
Fayetteville Academy, 287, 292, 304, 307, 309-10.
Fayetteville Carolinian, 566.
Fayetteville Communicator, 804.
Fayetteville Courier, 774.
Fayetteville Female Society of Industry, 163-64, 702.
Fayetteville Intelligencer, 766.
Fayetteville Minerva. See Minerva.
Fayetteville Observer, quoted, 20, 30, 44, 46, 54, 59, 65, 67, 131-32, 133, 163-64, 167, 179, 185, 187, 389, 394, 514-15, 519-20, 562, 570, 577, 581, 672, 673, 675, 727-28, 732, 788-89, 793, 795n, 823, 828-29;
publication, 770;
local news, 782;
scoop on foreign news, 784;
dependence on northern newspapers, 784;
length of publication, 804, 809;
business policy, 806;
low advertising rates, 807-8;
printery and book shop. 814.
Fayetteville Presbytery, 351, 382, 412, 816.
Featherstonhaugh, G. W., 472-73.
Federalists, on public education, 260;
and University of North Carolina, 295;
Minerva organ of, 765;
and Star, 767;
newspapers, 787.
Felton, Boon, 759.
Femme Covert, 243n.
Fenner, Richard, president North Carolina Medica Society, 758.
Ferries, 26-27, 32.
Fertilizer. See Agriculture.
Fevers, infantile, 251;
full discussion, Ch. XXIV.
Field, David Dudley, 613.
Fighting, described, 17;
in ante-bellum period, 42-43, 43n;
at musters, 102-3;
at public gatherings, 148;
at public executions, 678.
Flat River Association, Baptist, 340n, 385, 455, 457.
Fleming, Samuel, 47.
Folk-doctors, medicine in hands of, 717, 747;
surgery, 743;
prevalence, 755-56;
effect on medical therapy, 762.
Food, supplied hired hands, 71;
at dinner party, 84-85, 90, 91, 161n;
at corn shucking, 91, 92;
at tea, 160;
at temperance meetings, 172;
at band concert, 174;
at slave wedding, 536.
See Diet.
Foote, Rev. William Henry, quoted, 146, 353;
Sketches of North Carolina, 816.
Forbes, E. M., 548.
Forbis, John, 406.
Forgery, punishment, 648;
frequency, 659, 660;
prosecutions and convictions, 667;
a sentence for in Beaufort County, 671.
Fornication and adultery, frequency, 657, 658, 659, 660;
prosecutions and convictions, 667, 670.
Franchise, property qualifications, 35-36;
free Negro's right to, 601-4;
free Negro voters in towns, 602, 604;
Constitutional Amendment against free Negro, 603.
Francis, Michael, 249n.
Franklin, N. C., 62.
Franklin County, 5, 470, 697-98, 792.
Free labor, in West, 33;
competition with Negro labor, 71-72, 72n, 174;
Burgwyn's use on plantation, 486;
Negro fishermen compete with whites, 556;
attitude on slavery, 561, 567;
best for development of country, 562;
of Raleigh opposed to free Negroes, 586, 587.
See Labor.
Free love, 458, 464.
Free Negroes, in colonial period, 10;
road work, 27;
social status, 59, 582;
competition with white laborers, 71-72, 174;
town regulation of, 128-29;
distribution of population, 276n, 582-84;
Henry Evans, 344, 549, 608;
kidnaping, 461, 597, 646; benefit of clergy, 500;
legal marriage required of, 537;
abolition literature in possession, 550;
dancing, 554;
gambling with slaves forbidden, 557;
petitions and legislation on sale of liquor by, 557;
and colonization movement, 570-72;
reaction against abolition felt most by, 577;
of Wilmington whipped, 577-78;
agitation for removal, 578, 581;
full discussion, Ch. XX, 582-612;
children of, 703, 705.
Free schools, colonial legislation, 259;
agitation for 260-65;
early, 265-66.
See Public Schools.
Free Will Baptists, 362, 367.
Freedom of speech, 42, 45-46;
bill of 1800 against, 500;
incendiary speech, 518, 574, 577;
expulsion of B. S. Hedrick, 566-67;
arrest and persecution of abolitionists, 574-80.
Freeland Lodge No. 33, 101.
Freeman, George W., 158, 286.
Freeman, J. O., 325.
Freeman, Ralph, 608-9.
Freemen's Echo, 768.
Frémont, John C., 567.
French, settlers, 8, 9.
Friedberg, settlement, 364.
Friedland, settlement, 364.
Friends, Society of, New Garden Boarding School, 301-2;
discussed, 353-58;
branches of, 357n;
number in 1860, 369;
conduct forbidden members, 449, 454;
slaveholding prior to 1776, 458;
resolution of 1776 on emancipation, 459-60;
emancipation plan of 1806, 460-61;
manumission societies, 461-62;
relation to colonization movement, 462.
See Quakers.
Frolics, dance, 90, 93;
Saturday night, 93, 153;
drinking, 97;
of slaves for the dead, 540;
of slaves, 554.
Fuller, Bartholomew, 803.
Fuller, Richard, debate with Wayland on slavery, 463n.
Fulton, David, 772, 823-24.
Fulton, James, 772, 773-74, 782, 823-24.
Fulwood, William, 383.
Funeral customs, described, 145-48;
Presbyterian Synod disapproves liquor at funerals, 454-55;
slave, 496, 540-41;
plays for dead, 540n.
Furniture, of poor whites, 72;
of country tavern, 96;
tea tables, 160;
of mansions, 226;
of middle class, 227;
of slave cabin, 525;
slaves buy, 529;
bathing equipment, 718.
Gambling, in county towns, 117;
town ordinances against, 127;
discussed, 186-87;
as cause of church discipline, 451;
forbidden to slaves, 498, 557;
Supreme Court on gambling with slaves, 557;
free Negroes forbidden with slaves, 601;
jurisdiction of magistrate's court over, 618;
at public executions, 678.
Page 917
Games, muggins, 95;
long balls, 128;
all fours, seven up, and muggins, 95 and n;
quoits, 99;
marbles, 99, 254;
long bullets, 109, 111;
cambuc, 110;
ten pins, 128;
A. B. C., faro bank, E. O., 186-87;
backgammon and billiards, 187;
regulation of childrens', 254;
bowling, 490;
dice forbidden slaves, 498;
slaves at fish trap, 556.
See Sports;
Card playing;
Bandy.
German Presbyterian Church, 362, 415.
See German Reformed Church.
German Reformed Church, members in Piedmont, 12, 358;
number in 1860, 369;
camp meeting, 410;
mission work, 414-15;
churches, 430 and n;
Great Revival, 431;
ministers, 441.
German Reformed Synod, missionaries, 362;
separation from, 363.
Germans, as settlers, 8, 9, 10, 12, 33, 65;
quoted, 89;
and education, 284-85.
Hawfields, Presbyterians, 350;
Henry Pattillo, pastor, 377, 543;
revival, 379, 380, 381;
tombstones for slaves, 540n.
Hawkins, Benjamin, 248.
Hawkins, Mrs., 248-49.
Hawks, Francis L., 820.
Hawley, Francis, quoted, 438.
Hayes plantation, 19.
Hayne, Paul Hamilton, 827.
Hayne, William, 252.
Haywood, Dr. F. J., 745.
Haywood, John, 534.
Haywood, John, The Duty and Office of Justice of Peace, 814.
Haywood, Sherwood, 586.
Haywood, Thomas B., 291.
Haywood, N. C., 29, 118.
Haywood County, 26, 747.
Hazel, Roger, 549.
Health, of women, 80, 88, 157-58, 230;
town control of, 126, 127;
boards, 127;
city ditches and, 131, 720-21;
of slaves, 527-29;
call for enforcement of town ordinances, 720-21,
See Sanitation and Health.
Hospitals, for slaves, 527-28;
Rex legacy for Raleigh, 700;
marine proposed, 701 and n;
erection of State Asylum for insane, 712-13;
Jones for inoculation for smallpox, 735;
lack of, 743;
use of doctors' homes, 744;
in Beaufort, 744;
eye infirmary, 744n.
Hostler, Joseph, 607.
Hotels, in Raleigh, 152 and n;
description of Lafayette, 152;
operated by women, 246;
special schools taught at, 291.
See Taverns.
Hunting, by poor whites, 68, 72;
on plantation, 85-86;
on farm, 94, 95;
of slaves, 555-56, 556n.
Huntsville, fair, 106;
Disciples of Christ, 368.
Hybart, T. L., 157n.
Hyco Female Cent Society, 425.
Hyde County, election described, 149;
school system, 276;
swamps, 722.
Idiots, condition and care, of 621, 690, 703, 709 712, 713.
Illegitimacy, children apprenticed, 17;
discussed, 209-12, 223;
laws concerning, 213-15;
penalty for concealing birth, 651.
Illiteracy, in colonial period, 18, 19;
in 1850, 21, 30, 805;
in Edgecombe County, 259-60;
estimated, 267;
bulk of people unreading, 810.
Immigration, North Carolina unaffected, 52n;
legislation against free Negroes, 584;
act of 1826 against free Negro, 584-85, 585n, 600.
Impending Crisis of the South, 568, 580.
Incendiary publication and language, 500, 518, 568, 574-580, 622, 652.
Incest, 216 and n, 222.
Indenture, 11, 17, 58, 683, 703-4.
See Apprentice system.
Independent, Raleigh, 771.
Indian Queen tavern, Raleigh, 152.
Indian Woods plantation, 479, 528-29, 530.
Indians, in colonial North Carolina, 8;
influence on colony, 9;
population in 1860, 10;
witchcraft, 48;
man hunting for hidden gold, 49;
whites forbidden to marry, 590;
cult of medicine derived from, 753, 757;
Murphey's notes, 819.
Industries, rural, 22;
turpentine, 53 and n;
hand weaving, 88, 237, 245-46;
household, 108;
effect on of lack of seaport, 115;
brickmaking, 168,
297;
Moravian, 364;
amount of money invested, 829.
See Mills;
Factories.
Infant care, use of liquor, 97;
of whites, 235-36, 238;
effect of nurses on, 252-53;
slave, 527;
diet, 741;
diseases, 741-43.
Infanticide, 213;
race mixing and, 589.
Ingole, Joel, 803.
Ingram, Simon and Ann, 706.
Innes, James, school legacy, 265.
Innes Academy, 177, 265.
Innkeepers, licensed for retailing liquor, 96-97, 126;
unlawful to permit gambling, 186;
women, 246;
forbidden to sell liquor to slaves, 558.
Inoculation, 734-35.
Insane, power of county court to appoint guardian, 621;
family care of, 709-10;
in jails and poor-houses, 710-11;
movement for state hospital, 711-12;
establishment of hospital, 712-13.
Insurrections, alarm over Santo Domingo, 471;
alarm over Nat Turner, 499, 500;
act of 1802, 517-18;
acts against inciting slaves, 518, 574;
Nat Turner, 519;
hysteria over, 519-20;
arrests and trials for inciting slaves, 575-80;
jurisdiction of county courts over, 622;
inciting subject to death penalty on second offense, 652.
See Slave Conspiracy;
Militia.
Intemperance. See Drinking.
Internal improvements, 5, 8, 22n;
state aid, 23-26;
convention, 31, 40;
agitation for, 37-38;
people unconcerned, 80;
effect on towns, 117-119;
Murphey's program, 268;
proposal to erect asylums from funds of, 711;
influence of movement on press, 795-96.
Jails, insufficiency in 1804, 500;
full of Negroes in 1802, 510-11;
suffering of Daniel Worth, 580;
bill to convert into houses of correction, 673;
bad condition, 680;
description in 1818, 680-81;
Dix report, 681-82;
confinement of insane in, 709 710.
Journalism, development of headline, 778;
news style, 781;
differentiation between news and opinion, 786;
periodical press as phase of, 794;
causes of "low state," 804-5, 808-9.
See Newspapers; Periodicals.
Joyner, Robert, 46.
Judd, Bethel, 335.
Judges, 620-43.
Judiciary reform. See Court system.
Jurden, Dr., folk doctor, 755.
Jury, ministers want exemption, 429-30;
composed of slaveholders at trial of slave, 500;
free Negroes have trial by, 601;
power of county court to call, 620-21;
county court did not instruct on law, 634;
in superior court necessarily decide on both law and fact, 641;
Taylor's charge on criminal code, 644;
convictions rendered, 669, 671, 674.
Justice of peace, feud in Wayne County, 32-33;
qualification, 76;
Nathaniel Macon, 77;
mayor had powers of, 123;
hear Civil warrants at church, 445n;
special court for slave trials, 497;
trial of slave offenses calling for whipping, 498.
See Court system.
Kehukee Association, organization and controversies, 337-38, 339 and n, 340, 341;
revival, 385-86, 387;
Virginia churches, 412;
religious liberties to slaves, 544;
Concise History of the, 815.
Kelly, Dr. H., 734.
Kelly, John, 715.
Kennedy, W. W., 430.
Kennedy, Washington, 576.
Ker, David, 292.
Kerr, Daniel W., 802.
Keys, Dr. James H., 289, 749.
Kidwell, Diemena, 205, 206.
Kilpatrick, Joseph D., 382.
Kimbrough, Elijah W., 678.
Kindergartens, 288, 290-91.
King, Coffield, 606.
Kingsbury, T. B., 800-1.
Kinney, Charles R., 271.
Kinston, bridge over Neuse collapses, 27;
John Washington, 54;
population, 114;
growth, 118-119;
military school, 289.
Knapp, Isaac, 573.
Knights Templar, 101.
Know-nothingism, 369, 466.
Kollock, Shepard K., 293.
Kooners. See Kuners.
Krause, J., 136.
Krider and Cowper, publishers, 794.
Kuners, John, at Christmas, 145 and n;
in Edenton and Wilmington, 552-53;
song, 553.
Labor, number employed in, 57 and n;
social status, 66-68;
discussed, 70-73;
wage scale tabulated, 70;
farm hands, 71;
white and Negro competition, 72 and n, 174, 586;
radicalism of predicted, 75;
degradation, 77-78, 230-31;
condition in Raleigh, 698-99.
See Free labor;
Wages;
Factories;
Poor.
Labor unions, 72 and n;
mechanics' associations, 174 and n.
Lacey, Theophilus, 662-63.
Lafayette, Marie Joseph . . . , Marquis de, 140-41.
Lafayette, Washington, 140.
Lancaster, Joseph, 266.
Lancisi, Giovanni Maria, 723.
Lane, Lunsford, 586-87, 596.
Lane, Polly, 71.
Lane, Dr. W. B., 760.
Language. See Speech;
Colloquial and Provincial expressions;
Dialect.
Lanier, Benjamin, 693.
Lankford, John, 704.
Lankford, Dr. W. C., quoted, 88, 739.
La Vallee Female Seminary, 306.
Law schools, 288.
Lawlessness, 31-33;
in county towns, 117;
in Lenoir, 118.
See Duels;
Fighting.
Lawrence, Joshua, 299, 341.
Lawson, John, apprentice, 707.
Lawson, John, on medical botany, 753.
Lawyers, number in 1860, 60;
social status, 61, 63;
in county seats, 116;
houses, 121;
daily lounge, 154;
oppose court reforms, 627.
Libraries, in colonial period, 18-19;
in towns, 164-66;
numbers incorporated, 166n;
University of North Carolina, 294;
of academies, 314;
district, 320;
circulating, 439;
minister's, 441;
few large, 805.
Lincoln County, 106, 107, 108, 166n, 188, 272, 360, 361n, 362, 371, 383, 632, 633, 697, 710.
Lincoln Republican, encounter of editor with postmaster, 790.
Lincolnton, mail stage, 28;
described, 122;
fire protection, 134;
band, 155;
factory, 247;
need of education, 262;
use of school fund, 273;
Western College, 297;
Female Academy, 307, 310;
Academy, 307, 324;
R. J. Miller, 334;
Bible Society, 417.
Lindsey, Caleb, 704.
Liquor. See Spirituous liquors.
Lisbon, Wood and Bob, 243.
Literary Archive, 798.
Literary Board, management of Literary Fund, 270, 271 and n;
school system planned, 272;
authorized to withhold state funds, 274;
infrequency of county reports, 275;
state superintendent member, 278.
Literary Fund, increased by Agricultural Fund, 107;
creation of, 269-70;
sources of, 270n;
increase from Federal surplus, 271 and n;
supplement to county tax, 272, 274;
use by school committees, 273;
basis of distribution, 276;
grant to Wake Forest College, 299;
grant to Normal College, 300;
grant from for instruction of deaf, 715.
Literature, activities of planters, 81, 82;
lack of North Carolina, 181n;
distribution of religious, 416-19;
creation of a native, 764, 810
newspapers and periodicals, 794-801;
"thinking minds of South engrossed with slavery," 809;
broadsides, 810;
folk writers, 810-11;
almanacs, 811;
pamphlets, 811-12;
oratory as form of, 812-13;
religious, 815-17;
historical, 817-20;
biographies and miscellaneous, 821-24;
fiction and poetry, 824-27.
See Wit.
Littleton, military school. 289.
Live Giraffe, masthead, 777;
cartoons, 779;
establishment, 800;
style, 801;
Life As It Is, or Writings of Our Mose, 824.
Livestock, as North Carolina staple, 15, 53;
on small farm, 66;
exhibits, 108;
running at large, 126, 129-30;
unlawful for slave to possess, 531;
Negroes' dogs destroy sheep, 555-56.
Livingstone, Edward, 613.
Localism, in North Carolina society, 26;
development, 828-30.
Locke, Francis, 636.
Lockhart, Adam, 77.
Lococofo, 792.
Lodges, as social center, 95, 102, 113;
discussed, 101-2;
halls, 101, 120.
Log cabin, 20, 96, 224.
See Architecture.
Loring, Thomas, 770-71, 793, 806.
Lotteries, shift in legislation, 186;
erection of academies, 285 and n, 286;
erection of churches, 435;
position of churches toward, 466 and n;
conducting misdemeanor, 621n, 622, 652;
for Murphey history, 819.
Louisburg, horse race, 182;
military school, 289;
academies, 307, 323;
Methodists, 343;
church service, 442,
D. R. Goodloe of, 568;
execution in, 644.
Louisville Journal, 791.
Love, Samuel, free Negro, 590.
Lovel's Folly, novel containing Chapel Hill Characters, 824.
Lower classes, in colonial period, 16-17;
isolation, 30;
accuse gentry of snobbery, 61;
hospitality, 91;
opposition to ballroom dancing, 158;
social life, 162;
effect of marriage into, 192;
work of women, 247-48;
opposition to free schools, 262, 264;
opinion on education of, 329;
and religion, 331, 332;
"care nothing for decency," 615,
sanitation in homes of, 717, 718, 719.
See Yeomanry, Mechanics, Labor.
Lucas, A., 175.
Ludlow, J. L., 744.
Lumber, as state product, 5, 6.
Lumberton, 170, 342.
Lumsden, J. E., 172.
Lundy, Benjamin, 462.
Luola. See Miller, Mary Ayer.
Luther, controversy, 360.
Luther's Smaller Catechism, 359.
Lutheran Synod. See Evangelical Lutheran Synod.
Lutherans, in colonial period, 12, 18;
in piedmont, 358;
discussed, 359-62;
associated with German Reformed, 362, 430 and n;
number in 1860, 369;
camp meeting, 408;
mission work, 415;
Great Revival, 431.
See Evangelical Lutheran Synod of North Carolina.
Lutterloh, Henry Louis, 493.
Lyceum societies, lectures, 150;
discussed, 167-68, 168n;
Oak City Guards, 173.
Lyell, Sir Charles, 60, 52, 83-84.
Lynch law, threatened against itinerant gamblers, 187;
Norfolk Argus favors, 507;
Janson's account, 508;
use in dealing with free Negroes of Wilmington, 578;
Fayetteville Observer protests against, 581.
See Mob violence.
Macadamizing, of streets, 132.
Macdougald, Rev., 333.
Macky, Henry, 206.
Macon, Nathaniel, 77, 602, 765.
Macon County, 108, 632.
Madison, James, 144.
Madison County, 188, 216, 614.
Magazines, in early period, 794-95;
Emerald, 797;
University of North Carolina Magazine, 797-98;
of the fifties, 798-800.
Magee, Joseph, 609.
Magic, belief in, 48-51.
See Superstitions.
Magistrate's court. See Court system.
Mahoney, James W., 753, 823.
Mails, stage, 28, 29n, 784;
daily, 28;
Sunday disapproved, 446;
dependence of editors on, 773, 784;
failure of, 784.
See Postal service.
Maiming, laws against, 42;
punishment for, 647;
under Revised Code, 652;
frequency, 659;
convictions and prosecutions, 666.
See Gouging; Fighting.
Malaria, a cause for popularity of summer resorts, 30, 188;
effect on poor whites, 73;
effect on women's health, 230;
effect of dry fall on, 722;
effect on southern life, 722;
explanation of miasmatic origin, 723-24;
types, 724-25;
drugs in treatment of, 724 and n, 754;
progress into piedmont, 725-26;
so-called epidemics, 727-28;
and dysentery, 730;
effect on liver and spleen, 762.
Man of Business, 795 and n.
Mangum, Adolphus W., poet, 826.
Mangum, Willie P., 240, 323, 813.
Manly, Charles, quoted, 273.
Manly, Matthias E., quoted, 530, 690.
Manners, of North Carolina, 52n;
of Raleigh, 52. 152;
southern, 83;
Connecticut, 85;
effect of poverty on, 192;
of fashionable ladies, 208-9;
of genteel lady, 228;
southern women, 230;
formality of, 191, 198, 244 and n, 255;
effect of Negro nurses on, 252;
of boys, 327;
American, 370.
Manson, Dr. O. F., 724-25, 727.
Manual labor schools, 297-98, 299.
Manufacturers, number tabulated, 57-58, 57 n;
social status, 60, 63;
domestic, 108, 244-45.
See Factories;
Mills, Industries.
Manumission. See Emancipation.
Manumission societies, 461-62, 472, 769.
Marion, N. C., Avery case, 47;
Presbyterian Church, 353.
Marion, S. C., 45.
Marital relations. See Marriage.
Market square, 119, 137-38.
Markets, lack in North Carolina, 3-4, 5-6, 8, 14, 23, 25, 115;
fairs as, 106,
county seats as, 116;
town, 119, 126;
bringing produce to, 137.
Marriage, for money, 192-93, 192n, 194;
of relatives, 193; 590, 591, 200-1, 203-5, 207, 238-45;
engagement, 199-202;
licenses, 200-1, 202-8, 252, 535-36;
ceremony, 202-6, 207;
bans, 203, 207;
common law, 207-8;
extra-marital relations, 209-217;
divorce, 217-23;
settlements, 239-40;
difficulties settled by church court, 451, 452;
of slaves, 535-37;
position of churches on slave, 537-38;
attitude of slaves toward relationship, 538-39;
free Negroes, 610-11;
punishment for false certificate, 648.
Marryat, Captain Frederick, 74.
Martin, Francois Xavier, 817.
Martin, James H., 530-31.
Martin, William, 269.
Martin County, 53, 71, 95, 333, 340, 428, 511, 603, 686, 732, 759.
Martinsville, 759.
Mason, John Y., 61, 195, 243.
Mason, Mary, quoted, 234-35, 236, 253;
Wreath from the Woods, 825.
Masonboro, 188.
Masonic lodges, organization and meetings, 101;
buildings, 101, 120, 156.
Massachusetts Spy, 818.
Massenburg, Dr. Cargill, 758.
Maurice, Francis, 305.
Page 922
Maxwell Creek, 722.
May day, in Charlotte, 155-56.
Mayo Association, Baptist, 340n.
Mayors, 123, 124, 140, 141.
McAden, Hugh, 350.
McAdo, Samuel, revivalist, 379.
McBride, Jesse, 575, 575-76.
McCain, Hance, 169.
McCarter, James J., 67.
McCorkle, Samuel E., 379-80, 381n, 382, 397-98, 401, 407.
Mechanics, number, 66;
social status, 66-67, 157;
associations, 72, 138-39, 174, 702;
appeal to in politics, 75;
in county seats, 116;
theatrical society, 177;
and education, 262, 264;
in Davidson College, 298;
petition against Negroes, 551.
Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence, controversy, 817-19.
Mecklenburg Gold Mining Co., 115.
Mecklenburg Jeffersonian, 727.
Mecklenburg Resolves of May 31, 1775, 818.
Medical botany, Indian use of herbs, 9;
midwives versed in, 739;
knowledge of by every old woman, 747, 752;
instructions on collecting, 753;
secrecy in practice, 753;
herbs used, 753-54;
Dr. McKee on, 762.
See Medicines.
Medical Journal of North Carolina, 762.
Medical schools, 288, 289, 749.
Medical therapy, 749-52, 762-63.
Medicine. See Doctors;
Medicines;
N. C. Medical Society.
Medicines, Indian, 9;
and witchcraft, 49;
sale of by doctors, 748;
Gunn's Domestic Medicine, 719;
instruction in surgery, 743;
Simons' Family Medicine, 751,
kept by ante-bellum store, 752;
knowledge of household, 752;
instructions in collecting, 753;
native, 753-54;
peddlers, 756;
cults, 756-57;
mineral, 756. 762-63;
reaction against strong, 762-63.
See Drugs.
Melbourn, Julius, 821.
Men, ideal of courage, 42-47;
"the strong" husband, 231;
status in family life, 238, 241-42, 243 258;
bold spirit encouraged in boys, 254, 258;
in ante-bellum society, 302.
Mendenhall, George C., 576, 577.
Mendenhall, Nureus, 799n.
Mennonites, 356n.
Mercer, Silas, 412.
Mercersburg theology, 363.
Merchant Mills, as social centers, 95, 98-99;
as place for holding magistrate's court, 617.
See Mills.
Merchants, number tabulated, 57 and n, 58;
social status, 62, 63-64, 64n, 65;
and country stores, 98, 99;
of Pennsylvania tours State, 102;
business of on public occasions, 148, 678;
stores described, 153-54.
Meredith, Thomas, 341, 463, 816.
Meredith, William, 346.
Merrill, Benjamin, 650.
Merrimon, A. S., quoted, 216, 614, 634, 635.
Mesmerism, 756.
Methodism, forerunners, 343-44, 346, 373;
expansion of, 345, 348;
revival of, 385;
John Paris History, 816.
Methodist Episcopal Church, organization, 343;
missionary work, 343-44;
Missionary Society, 411;
Notes on religious instruction, 420;
relief work, 423-24;
position on slavery, 459;
schism over slavery, 465.
Metnodist Episcopal Church, North Carolina, discussed, 343-48;
O'Kelly movement, 346-47, 366-67;
circuits, 348;
camp meetings, 384, 388;
publication society, 419;
Sunday schools, 420, 421, 422;
number preachers in 1855, 437;
salaries, 438;
on distilling, 454;
on slavery, 459, 462;
New Bern resolution on abolition, 464;
resolution of Raleigh station on schism, 465.
See Methodists.
Methodist Episcopal Church, South, position on slavery, 347;
rank of North Carolina Conference, 424;
organization, 465.
Methodist Protestant Church, founding, 347;
John Paris, History, 816.
Methodist Society, 343;
Joseph Pilmore sent by organization in North Carolina, 344.
Methodists, camp meetings, 100, 384, 388, 390, 409;
and Trinity College, 300-1;
schools for women, 307;
number in 1860, 369;
evangelism, 344, 345-46, 352, 370, 432;
persecution, 345, 430;
Great Revival, 373-76, 431;
ministerial education, 440, 442;
conferences enforce discipline, 448;
position on distilling, 454;
position on slavery, 459, 566;
masters forbid slaves hearing, 545;
Phelps Lake slaves, 548;
periodicals, 802.
See Methodist Episcopal Church, Methodist Protestant Church, Wesleyan Methodist Church.
Miasma, influence on location of houses, 118, 720;
fear of, 188;
and origin of malaria, 723;
Lancisi theory questioned, 723-24;
fevers caused by, 724;
and dysentery, 730.
Michaux, R. R., 147, 445.
Michel, Ludwig, quoted, 468.
Micklejohn, George, 333, 334.
Middle class, and duelling, 42;
composition, 58, 70;
passage into gentry, 59;
discussed, 63-65;
use of Negro nurses, 252;
education of, 314;
religion, 353.
See Upper classes.
Middleton, Henry C., 83.
Midway Academy, 323.
Midwives, employment of, 252;
employment for slaves, 527;
rewards to slaves, 530;
versed in medical botany, 739, 753.
Migration, discussed, 38-41;
Quaker, 461;
legislation against free Negroes, 584;
act of 1826 against free Negroes, 584-85, 585n, 600;
effect of drought of 1826 on, 697,
effect of drought of 1845, 698.
See Emigration.
Military companies, New Bern, 129;
Raleigh, 139 165, 678;
Mecklenburg, 140;
Cabarrus, 140;
Wilmington, 141;
Hillsboro, 142.
Military schools, 288, 289-90.
Page 923
Militia, musters, 17, 98, 102-104;
games, 109;
ex; emption from duty, 133, 134;
in towns, 148-49-
uniformed companies, 172-74;
exemption of Quakers, 356;
in slave conspiracy of 1802, 511;
in hunt for runaways in 1821, 514-15;
Edgecombe, called in conspiracy of 1825, 515;
Washington Guards called out, 516;
power of justices to call out, 518-19, 620;
slaves at, 551;
exclusion of free Negroes, 600.
Misdemeanors, jurisdiction of county court over, 621-22, 621n;
increase in list of, 652, 654;
frequency, 658, 659, 660;
agitation for reform in punishment, 661;
prosecutions and convictions, 667, 670.
See Crimes.
Missionaries, Church of England, 333;
Baptist, 337, 338, 349;
Methodist, 343-44;
Presbyterian, 349, 350;
Quaker, 353-54;
Lutheran, 359, 361;
German Reformed, 362, 363;
Moravian, 365;
friction caused by northern, 422;
abolition, 499;
Wesleyan Methodist expelled from State, 575-77;
work and expulsion of Daniel Worth, 579-80, 579n;
John Chavis, 609.
Missionary Baptists, 341, 342.
See Baptist State Convention.
Mob violence, Norfolk Argus favors, 507;
in early period, 507-8;
in later period, 509-10, 611;
in conspiracy of 1802, 511;
of 1831, 520;
against McBride, 576;
against Crooks, 576-77;
against Sandy Tate, 581;
against Lunsford Lane, 587;
against free Negro of Raleigh, 605.
See Lynch law.
Mocksville, Saturday gatherings, 99;
law school, 288.
Money, scarcity, 15, 16, 81, 102n, 150;
paper, 154;
invested in slave trade, 473-74;
slave, 529-34;
gifts to slaves at Christmas, 552;
invested in manufacturing, 829.
See Wealth.
Moore County, 13, 54, 68, 100, 181, 349, 609, 632, 693, 753.
Moral societies, 151, 169, 454-55, 675.
Moravian Church, settlers, 12, 18;
in colonial period, 18;
of Salem described, 120;
government of Salem, 125-26, 136;
establishment, 363-65;
number, 369;
mission work, 414, 415;
poor relief, 423;
holding, 427;
association with Lutherans, 431;
ministers, 441;
board of elders, 448;
conduct forbidden members, 449, 454;
Sunday school for Negroes, 542.
Mordecai, Jacob, 307.
More, Hannah, 248.
Morehead, Abraham Forrest, 825.
Morehead, James T., 576.
Morehead, Governor John M., 204, 307, 542-43, 711.
Morgan district superior court, creation, 622;
a victory for reform, 627;
grand jury asks for penitentiary, 664.
Morganton, railroad, 25, 26;
Avery case, 47;
location, 115;
described, 122;
Presbyterian Church, 353;
Great Revival, 382;
camp meetings, 383;
Bible Society, 417;
district court, 622;
term of Supreme Court, 642.
Morrissey, Thomas K., 519.
Morris, Emanuel, 594.
Morrison, Robert R., 801.
Morse's Geography, condemned, 181n;
use in schools, 316, 317.
Mosby, R. H., 474-75.
Mosquitoes, 719, 726.
Mott, T. S., 803.
Mount Airy, 368, 415.
Mount Tirzah, Moore plantation, 490.
Mountain Banner, quoted, 577, 790.
Mulattoes, act of 1826 to prevent migration into State, 585;
whites forbidden to marry, 590;
property left to by will, 592;
number in 1860, 592;
incapacity as legal witness against whites, 599;
"free mulatto not satisfied with black wife," 603,
white man not chargeable for support of, 611;
daughters of vice-president Johnson, 788-89;
Julius Melbourn of Raleigh, 821.
See Race Mixing.
Mules, on Panola plantation, 481.
Mumford, Donum, 608.
Murder, increase, 46;
act of 1791 concerning slaves, 497, 501;
act of 1817 concerning slaves, 502, 645;
legal provocation of slaves, 502;
frequency, 659, 660;
prosecutions and convictions, 666-67, 670;
trial of slave in Wake County, 671.
National Intelligencer, 154, 183, 766, 783-84, 818.
Natural History of North Carolina, by John Brickell, 747.
Natural rights, manhood suffrage, 35;
fishing, 94;
theory of, 260, 262, 294;
personal liberties, 260, 262, 830;
applied to college discipline, 294-95;
personal conduct, 440;
to temperance movement, 458;
to slavery, 458, 499 and n, 500, 560;
abandonment of as applied to slavery, 564;
applied to free Negroes, 585;
to emancipation, 596;
to punishment for crime, 661.
Naval stores, 5, 6, 15.
Negro fever, 724.
Negro preachers, Henry Evans, 344, 549, 608;
disciplined for preaching without license, 451;
legal regulation, 499;
bill of 1800, 499-500;
accused of hatching plot in 1825, 516;
religious leaders at slave marriage, 536, 549-50;
Methodist, Baptist, Presbyterian, 549;
petition against circulating abolition literature, 550;
act of 1831 prohibiting conditionally, 550;
free Negro prohibited, 601;
Ralph Freeman, 608-9;
John Chavis, 609-10.
Negro spirituals, 395 and n.
See Spiritual songs.
Negro tradesmen, competition with white laborers, 71-72, 72n, 174, 586;
hunters, 85;
price of black-smith in 1859, 476, 542;
in slave working force, 476-77, 488;
rewards for good work, 529-30;
hiring own time, 531-32;
apprenticing slave, 541;
Thomas Day, 585;
Lunsford Lane, 586-87;
Isaac Hunter, 587;
incapacity to prove book debts, 599;
discussed, 607.
Negroes, in colonial North Carolina, 8, 10, 17;
superiority as slaves, 9, 468;
as social class, 17, 611-12;
superstition, 48, 252-53;
doctors, 51, 758;
poor whites, 68, 71;
competition with white labor, 71-72, 72n, 174, 556;
characterized, 81;
on hunting party, 86;
clothes, 88, 227;
in towns, 127-29;
Christmas celebration, 145 and n, 551-53;
as nurses, 235-36, 252-53;
and Methodism, 344;
Great Revival, 395, 401, 404, 406;
church court regulates sex relations, 451, 452;
North Carolina type, 469;
amount of blood necessary for legal status of, 598-99;
knowledge of medical botany, 752;
poet, 826.
See Slaves;
Free Negroes.
New Bern, lumber and naval stores, 5;
isolation from West, 8;
settlement in region of, 13;
Academy, 18, 304, 308, 313, 316, 329;
colonial press, 19;
railroad, 26;
Neuse bridge, 27;
mail service, 28;
society characterized, 31, 63;
Spaight-Stanly duel, 43-44;
population, 114, 117, 583;
location, 115, 118;
plan of, 119-20;
Light Infantry, 129;
gas lights, 129, 233;
fire protection, 133, 134;
dances, 159;
Female Charitable Society, 163, 266, 702;
mechanics association, 174;
Library Society, 166n;
Theatrical Society, 175, 177;
bands; 175;
itinerant performers, 178;
horse races, 182, 583;
Edward F. Graham, 200;
shops, 247;
public school, 265;
Episcopal Church, 334;
Roman Catholic Church, 368;
Bible Society station, 417;
Presbyterian Church, 436;
Methodist resolution on abolitionists, 464;
militia "battle" in 1821, 514-15;
law permitting slaves to hire own time, 532;
slave refuses to leave, 539;
Negro Methodist Church, 545;
Negro Episcopal congregation, 547;
petition of mechanics against congregation of Negroes, 551;
petition against Negroes on Neuse River, 556;
attitude of slave-holders, 562-63;
free Negroes go to Liberia, 571;
free Negroes in 1860, 583;
race mixing, 593;
petition of Negro barber, 599;
free Negro voters, 602;
free Negro owners of slaves, 608;
free Negro school, 610;
free Negro élite, 611-12;
district court, 622;
imprisonment for debt, 655;
newspapers, 764, 766, 767, 768, 794, 802;
James Davis printery, 813-14;
F. X. Martin, 817;
Mrs. Susan J. Hancock, 826.
New Hanover County, 53, 106, 107, 108, 125, 319, 349, 350, 488, 489, 490, 515-16, 519-20, 556n, 589, 606, 697.
New Salem, 795, 803.
New School Presbyterians, 352, 465.
New York Evening Star, likens North Carolina to Rip Van Winkle, 20-21.
New York Journal of Commerce, on southern literature, 826-27.
New York Tribune, quoted, 775.
Newell, Harriet, 248.
Newspapers, colonial, 19;
circulation, 30, 96, 772-73, 805;
oppose women's rights, 249-50;
religious, 433; 801-3;
Sunday papers profane Sabbath, 466;
position on Southern Rights Convention, 565-66;
Garrison-Knapp indictment, 573;
appearance, 764, 776;
in 1800, 765;
Raleigh Register, 765-66;
in 1810, 766;
Minerva, 766;
Star, 766-67;
in 1823, 767;
Hillsborough Recorder, 767-68;
Fayetteville Observer, 768;
in 1830, 768-69;
in 1840, 770;
North Carolina Standard, 770-71;
Carolina Watchman, 771-72;
Wilmington Journal, 772;
in 1850, 772-73;
frequency of publication, 773-74;
in 1860, 774;
staff, 774-75;
equipment, 775-77;
make-up, 777-81;
names, 777-78;
size, 780;
news policy, 781-86;
editorial policy, 786-94;
squibs, 791-92;
finances, 804-8;
advertising, 807;
reasons for low state of journalism, 808-9;
number at present, 809;
publication of poetry, 825;
effect on State's character, 827;
on development of localism, 828-30.
See Periodicals.
Newton, N. C., 155.
Nichols, B., 291.
Nichols, William, architect, 666.
Night watch, 126, 127, 128-29, 139, 145;
citizens, 126;
hours, 127;
discussed, 128-29;
use of town hall, 139;
doubling at Christmas, 145;
doubled in case of conspiracy fright, 516;
letter on sanitation from Raleigh, 720.
Norcom, Elizabeth, 192.
Norcom, F., 779.
Norcom, Dr. James A., 47, 192, 200, 206, 228, 229, 230-31, 237, 552-53, 558, 699-700, 728, 731, 732 751.
Norcom, James A., Jr., 199, 208, 473.
Norcom, Dr. John, 206, 728, 731.
Norcott, Mary, trousseau, 207.
Norfleet, Frances E., 474.
Norfleet, Robert, 481.
Norfleet, Stephen A., 83, 98, 247, 474, 479-80, 524, 528-29, 535, 539, 607.
Norfleet, Mrs. Stephen A., 247.
Norfleet, Thomas F., 474.
Norfolk, 23, 115, 180, 571.
Norfolk Argus, quoted, 507.
Norfolk Herald, quoted, 510-11, 729.
Normal College, 300, 310, 798.
North Carolina Baptist Interpreter, 802.
See also Biblical Recorder.
North Carolina Christian Advocate, 543, 802.
North Carolina Classis, organization, 362;
education society, 363;
mission work, 414-15;
resolution against distilling, 457-58.
See German Reformed Church.
North Carolina College, Lutheran, 362.
North Carolina Common School Journal, 799.
North Carolina Education Association, 304-5, 321, 323.
North Carolina Journal of Education, 36, 311, 322, 323, 799.
North Carolina Magazine;or, Universal Intelligencer, 794.
North Carolina Magazine, Political, Historical, and Miscellaneous, 794.
North Carolina Magistrate, Cantwell, quoted, 618, 646-47, 654.
North Carolina Medical Journal, 741, 762, 799.
North Carolina Medical Society, Dickson address on diseases of Wilmington, 721-22;
Satchwell on malaria, 722;
Johnson on groundless assumption of miasma, 724;
prize for essay on dysentery, 730;
McKee on pneumonia, 733;
mentioned, 737;
emphasis on uniform fees, 749;
Norwood on quackery, 756;
organization in 1799, 758;
organization in 1849, 760-61;
work, 761-62.
North Carolina Mercury and Salisbury Advertiser, 764, 791.
Novel, influence on manners, 209, 418-19;
reading, 231, 303.
Numbers of Carlton, 24, 296, 812.
Nussman, Adolphus, 359, 361, 362.
Oak City Guards, 165, 173-74, 678.
Observer. See Fayetteville Observer.
Occonachee Wigwam, 485-86.
Ocracoke, 24, 188.
Odd Fellow Lodge, 101-2, 156, 702.
Officeholding, social status, 58, 60, 63, 75-77;
democratization of, 76-77,
agitation for elective, 102;
houses of, 121;
in town government, 123-25;
religious qualification, 368, 427-29;
power of county court over, 622;
movement for popular election of justices of peace, 630;
movement for popular election of judges, 638, 643.
O'Kelly, James, 346-47, 366-67, 370, 816.
Old Christmas, celebration, 552.
Old-field schools, 277, 283, 285, 318, 321.
"Old Rip," 21, 25, 764, 827,
See also Rip Van Winkle.
Orations, at celebrations, 140, 143;
Fourth of July, 142;
funeral, 145, 147, 148;
political, 150.
Orphans, apprentice system, 17, 70, 703-8;
schools for, 163-64, 266, 708, 711;
guardians of, 256;
court for control of property, 256-58;
work of Odd Fellows, 702.
Orphans' Court, act of 1762, 256;
in ante-bellum period, 256-57;
jurisdiction of county court, 621.
Osborn, Charles, 461.
Osbourn, James, 826.
Outlaw, David, 767.
Outlaw, George, 612.
Overseers, of roads, 27;
of streets, 131,
power of county court to appoint, 622;
election of overseers of poor, 684.
See Plantation overseers.
Philanthropy, of planter, 82, 698;
of women, 163-64, 424, 702;
of church, 410;
provisions for "worthy poor," 697-99;
work of doctors, 699-700;
charitable societies, 701-2.
See Poor relief;
Poor.
Phillips, Charles, 822.
Phillips, James, 822.
Phrenology, 156, 757.
Physical combat, 42-43, 43n.
See Fighting;
Duels. sault and battery.
Physicians. See Doctors.
Piano, playing fashionable, 195, 303;
in plantation home, 226;
concerts of academy pupils, 326.
Plantation overseers, social status, 66;
characterized, 81;
advice against changing, 476;
required by law in two counties, 489-90;
difficult to find capable, 490;
wage, 490;
contract, 491;
on Phillips Moore plantation, 491-92;
legal representative of master, 492;
supervision of sick, 527.
Plantation system, colonial period, 10;
area of, 53;
organization of slave labor, 476-77;
acres cultivated per hand, 477-78, 477n;
use of compost, 478-79;
planting season, 479-80;
on cotton plantation, 481-82;
equipment, 482, 485, 486, 489;
tobacco plantation, 482-84;
corn plantation, 485;
wheat plantation, 485-86;
turpentine plantation, 486-88.
See Slaves.
Plantations, size tabulated, 54;
Pettigrew, 81, 496, 523, 532;
social life on, 82-86;
Woodbourne, 83, 479-80;
Strabane, 98;
Rich Lands, 226;
Panola, 478, 481-82;
Burgwyn, 485-86;
Josiah Collins, 485, 488;
D. L. Russell, 486.
See Plantation system;
Slaves.
Planters, colonial, 3-4, 14;
title of social status, 16;
slaveholding tabulated, 55;
distribution of slaveholding, 56;
percent slaveholding families, 56;
tabulated, 57;
social status, 58-60, 63;
small described, 63;
social life, 81-86, 113;
dress of, 90;
mansions, 121;
two types described, 526;
doctors as, 748.
See Plantation system.
Playmakers' Theater, 294.
Plays, theatrical, 177-79;
games, 206 and n;
for dead, 540 and n.
Plymouth, charter quoted; 130-31,
fire of 1808, 134;
Bible Society station, 417.
Poaching, law against, 94.
Poindexter, John F., 576.
Polemic Society, 164.
Police, regulations, 124, 128-29, 138.
See Patrol;
Constables.
Politics, sectionalism in, 31, 34;
Jacksonian movement, 74, 75;
"leveling influence" in, 75;
electioneering, 104-5, 150;
party organization, 149;
Harrison compaign, 150;
temperance movement, 171;
divorce bill of 1808, 218;
women in, 248-50;
education, 260 and n;
slavery, 521;
votes from Quaker district on slavery question, 564;
C. B. Shepard on slavery question, 564-65;
controversy over Southern Rights Convention, 565-66;
association of colonization movement, 570;
dissatisfaction over Compromise of 1850, 575;
elections of 1856, 579;
fear of influence on Supreme Court, 643;
penitentiary question, 672-73;
erection of asylum for insane, 712-13;
Star, 766;
influence on newspapers, 771, 781, 786-92;
injustice to North Carolina in national, 828-29.
Polk, James K., 141, 813.
Polk, Mrs. Sarah Hawkins, 163.
Polk, Colonel Thomas, 140.
Polk, Colonel William, 41, 61, 140, 163.
Polk County, 632, 633.
Pomona Academy, 324.
Poor, the, in Eastern North Carolina, 36;
distribution of religious literature, 416-19;
education in Sunday schools, 419;
in colonial period, 683-84;
legal, 690;
large portion of every community, 697;
erection of asylum for insane "robbery" of, 713.
See Poor relief;
Poor whites.
Poor, wardens of. See Wardens of poor.
Poor law, colonial, 683-84;
act of 1777 providing for poor, 684;
act of 1786 calling for posting of accounts, 686;
act of 1817 calling upon county courts to levy tax, 686;
erection of poorhouses, 694-96;
children, 704, 708;
insane, 710-11.
See Poor relief.
Poor relief, funds, 129;
work of women's clubs, 163-64, 425;
church, 423-27, 433;
slave stock sold for, 531;
in colonial period, 683-84;
act of 1777, 684;
wardens of poor, 684-86;
public tax, 686-89;
model system proposed, 688;
report of 1825 on, 689;
legal poor, 690;
critics of pauper system, 690-91;
administration of poor tax, 691-94;
erection of poorhouses, 694-96;
private philanthropy, 697-700;
charitable societies, 701-3;
apprentice system, 703-8.
Poor tax, act of 1777, 684;
power of county court to levy, 686;
taxes levied in five typical counties, 686-87;
receipts from fines and penalties, 687;
petitions and legislation, 688-89;
tax for asylum "robbery" to, 713.
Poor whites, in colonial society, 16, 17;
of East, 36;
of Moore County, 54;
number estimated, 57;
as class, 58;
discussed, 67-73;
homes, 68;
clothes, 71, 88;
recreation, 95;
given Bibles, 417;
religion, 430;
live on lands of their wealthier neighbors, 690-91;
use of dialect in book, 824.
Population, by nationalities in 1790, 9;
density in 1790, 13;
by counties in 1790, 14;
characterized, 22, 30, 52n, 829;
Western, 34, 36;
increase, 1790-1860, 38;
loss from migration, 39-40, 827;
small farmers, 54;
Page 927
percentage of day laborers in, 70;
of towns tabulated, 114,
number of free persons, 227;
distribution and increase of free Negroes, 582-84.
See Slaves, Free Negroes.
Porcher, F. P., 573, 754.
Post-Angel or Universal Entertainment, Edenton, 764.
Postal service, in colonial period, 19;
southern stage mail, 27, 30;
number of post offices, 28, 115;
in ante-bellum period, 28-30, 115;
rates, 29 and n.
See Mails.
Potter, Robert, 187, 826.
Potter, William, 804.
Pottery, Moravian, 364.
Poytress, Dr. John, 744.
Prather, Leonard, revivalist, 380.
Preachers, social status, 60, 63;
opposition to amusements, 157-58, 440;
education, 296-301, 363;
opposition to religious extravagances, 402,
controversy over local, 347;
camp meeting, 394, 403, 408;
superannuated, 423, 424;
in Great Revival, 431;
salaries, 437-38;
services to community, 438;
discipline, 439;
services at public executions, 677, 678.
See Negro preachers.
Preissnitz, Vincent, 757.
Prentice, George D., 791.
Presbyterian Church, in colonial period, 18;
moral associations, 169;
temperance movement, 169, 170, 455, 456;
minister suspended, 193;
and colonial marriages, 204;
and Davidson College, 296-98;
schools for women, 307;
discussed, 348-53;
education, 353;
discontented elements, 367;
number in 1860, 369;
Great Revival, 376-82, 409, 431;
schism, 379 and n;
camp meetings, 384, 385, 388;
examination of licentiates, 441;
sessions enforce discipline, 448;
on slavery, 459, 465-66, 465n, 560;
uses Jones' Catechism, 544;
Foote's Sketches, 816.
See Synod of North Carolina.
President, American frigate, 784.
Press, the. See Newspapers;
Periodicals;
Printeries.
Price, A. L., 772.
Price, William J., 772.
Price fluctuation, effect, 15, 65-66;
of slaves, 475-76, 520, 521.
Primary Schools. See Public schools, Subscription schools.
Primitive Baptist. 802.
Primitive Baptist, 299, 341, 342,
See Baptists.
Princeton University, 286, 292, 298, 323;
Nassau Hall, 293 and n;
Orange Presbytery needs graduates, 437;
John Chavis, 609.
Printeries, staff, 774-75;
presses, 775;
paper used, 775-76;
type, 776-77;
finances, 807-8;
book work, 813, 815;
early imprints, 813-14;
F. X. Martin, 817.
Prison, provided for in bill of 1800, 662;
bounds, 655;
Nichols plan of 1816, 666;
cost of as proposed in 1846, 672.
See Penitentiary;
Jails.
Private schools and colleges, public school funds for, 273;
Ch. X, 283-308;
subscription schools, 283-84;
academies, 284-88;
special schools, 288-91;
denominational colleges, 296-302;
education of women, 302-8.
See Academies, Subscription schools.
Privies, use of lime, 127;
schoolhouse, 312;
for slaves, 525-26;
indication of settled life, 717;
location, 720.
Proceedings and Debates of the Convention of North Carolina, 814.
Produce, in colonial period, 15;
accepted in payments, 15, 320n, 806;
Western North Carolina, 122;
sold in towns, 137-38;
sold in Virginia and South Carolina, 828.
See Crops;
Staples.
Professional class, in colonial period, 6;
number tabulated, 57 and n;
social status, 58, 60-61, 63, 79;
difficulty of State in retaining, 748.
See Doctors;
Preachers;
Teachers;
Lawyers.
Prohibition, 171.
See Temperance.
Prosecutions, 666, 671;
tables of, 667, 670.
Prostitution, town ordinances, 127;
in towns, 215-16;
as cause of church discipline, 452;
Negroes, 591, 593;
vagrancy acts aimed at. 648-49.
Protestant Episcopal Church, in North Carolina, education, 286, 307;
in colonial period, 332-33;
Convention in Tarboro, 333;
growth, 333-36;
seeks union with Lutherans, 361, 431;
number in 1860, 369;
camp meeting, 409;
missions, 413-14;
society for promotion of piety, 418, 419;
Sunday schools, 420;
vestry, 423, 448;
relief work, 424, 425;
shares Wake Union Church with Baptists, 431;
Great Revival, 431;
ministers, 437, 441-42;
position on slavery, 466;
religious instruction of Negroes, 547-48, 612;
Church Intelligencer, 803;
Bible . . . Society, 816.
Prout, H. H., 414.
Provincialism, 22-31, 52n, 830.
Public opinion, Avery case, 47;
social status, 67;
sex offenses, 212, 213;
offering head price for slave, 494;
treatment of slaves, 494-95;
wilful killing of slave, 501;
unwarranted cruelty, 503;
slave violences against whites, 507 and n;
shift of on free Negroes, 611;
treatment of local news, 781.
See Reform movements.
Public schools, opposition to, 37, 260-2;
as social centers, 95, 100, 113;
Ch. IX, 259-82;
agitation, 260, 262-65, 828, 831;
attempted legislation, 266-272;
act of 1839, 271-72;
administration to 1852, 272-76;
indifference to, 276-77;
under C. H. Wiley, 277-82, 279n-281n;
number, 280;
buildings, 272-73, 276, 284, 311;
equipment, 312-13;
curriculum, 315-16;
teachers, 319-21;
methods, 321-22;
free Negroes excluded, 601;
power of county court to appoint superintendent, 622.
See University of North Carolina.
Pulliam, M. A. and S., 247.
Pulliam's boarding house, Raleigh, 152.
Punishments, object of prevention of crime, 645;
application of death penalty in 1817, 645-46;
codification of code urged, 646-47;
clergyable offenses, 647;
dismemberment, 647-48, 682;
imprisonment, 647, 648, 649-50, 649n;
pillorying, whipping, or fine, 648, 649 and n;
branding, 648, 682;
cruel and unusual, 650;
under Revised Statutes of 1837, 651;
under Revised Code, 652-53;
imprisonment as substitute for benefit of clergy, 653;
agitation for penitentiary, 661-73;
difficulty of obtaining convictions, 673-74.
Purefay, G. W., 445, 609, 816.
Purviance, David, 366, 370.
Quakers, in colonial period, 18;
characterized, 120;
and education, 284-85, 301;
New Garden Boarding School, 301-2;
discussed, 353-58;
number in 1860, 369;
relief work, 423;
officeholding, 427;
and slavery, 458, 459, 461-62, 564;
work in behalf of colonization, 462,
work under suspicion, 572-73;
influence on emancipation in Pasquotank, 594;
petitions on emancipation, 595.
See Friends.
Quarantine, power of justices over, 620;
State laws on incoming vessels, 721;
on smallpox in Edenton, 737;
in hands of local police, 762.
Quarter-racing, described, 182-83.
Queen's Museum, Charlotte, 296.
Quiltings, described, 92, 95.
Race mixing, cases cited, 71-72, 220, 221;
Supreme Court on, 222;
laws against, 498;
relation of white women with Negro men, 588-90;
intermarriages, 590-91;
acts against intermarriage, 590, 591;
marriage between races void, 591;
relation of white men with Negro women, 591-93;
"free mulatto not satisfied with black wife," 603;
issuing license for marriage misdemeanor, 652;
Vice-president Johnson accused, 788-89.
See Mulattoes.
Race relations, master-slave relationship in Jone's Catechism, 464, 544;
laws pertaining to, 498-99;
inability of person of color to give evidence against whites, 498;
Page 928
bill of 1800, 499-500,
insolent language as excuse for battery on slave, 502, 505;
extenuating circumstances of slave's battery on white, 504;
during insurrection scare, 510-13;
of children, 540;
theories expressed in Pattillo's "The Negroes Catechism," 543-44;
Baptists permit slaves religious freedom equal to whites, 544-45;
patriarchal character of slavery, 547;
example of insult to white, 557;
Star on degradation of color, 571-72;
whites and free Negroes, 582;
"honest indignation" at race mixing, 589-80, 789;
legal definition of Negro, 598-99;
incapacity of free Negro as legal witness against white, 599;
debates on free Negro in Constitutional Convention, 602-3;
Justice Pearson on necessity of Negro's submission to white, 605-6;
Justice Nash on insolent acts of Negro, 619;
proposal to send whites associating with Negroes to house of correction, 695.
Railroads, construction of, 24-26;
effect on postal service, 29;
effect on towns, 115, 117-19;
operation on Sunday disapproved, 446;
obstruction capital offense, 652;
effect on news policy of papers, 784.
See names of Railroads.
Rainey, Isaac, 538.
Raleigh, railroad, 25, 26;
mail service, 28-29;
telegraph service, 30;
state capitol, 32;
society described, 52 and n, 61-62, 151;
aristocracy, 61-62;
poor families, 69;
T. P. Devereux, 85;
state fair, 108;
population, 114, 117, 583;
location, 116;
plan, 119;
described, 121;
government, 123-24, 123n, 126, 127;
free Negroes, 128, 583;
street lights, 129;
capitol square, 130;
street repair, 131;
fire protection, 132, 134, 135;
water works, 135-36;
market house, 136-37, 138-39;
Raleigh Blues, 140;
Lafayette's visit, 140-41;
Washington's birthday, 143;
celebration of 1840, 143-44;
Taylor funeral ceremony, 145-46;
campaign of 1840, 150;
hotels, 152 and n;
Sunday promenade, 155;
Amateurs' Band, 155;
Academy, 155, 164, 175, 228, 286-87, 308, 309, 313, 323-25, 329;
lodge, 156;
subscription balls, 156-57,
dances, 159;
charity school, 163, 266, 702-3;
Library Company, 164-65, 166n;
lyceum club needed, 168;
temperance movement, 170;
cold water celebration, 172;
mechanics association, 174;
music club, 175;
Thespian Society, 175-76, 701;
itinerant players, 178;
gambling, 187;
gas lights, 233;
shops, 246-47;
Whig ladies, 249;
school, 253;
boys of, 254;
law school, 288;
military school, 289;
infant school, 291;
and Methodists, 345;
Catholic church, 368;
revival, 389, 390;
Bible Society station, 417;
Sunday schools, 420;
Mite Society, 425;
free church, 430;
Presbyterian church, 436;
rowdies, 446;
resolution of Methodists on schism of 1844, 465;
reports on money invested in slave trade, 473-74,
wagon sent to for arms, 516;
panic over conspiracy of 1831, 519;
Negro Methodists, 545;
Negro Episcopal congregation, 547;
Negroes patronize grog shops, 557;
Helme address on slavery and agriculture, 561-62;
Grellet visits, 562;
Colonization Society, 569-70;
John Rex of, 570-71;
grand jury indicts Garrison and Knapp, 573;
free Negroes characterized, 578;
Lunsford Lane expelled from State, 586-87;
Isaac Hunter expelled from State, 586, 587;
free Negroes seized by Negro trader, 598;
mob mistreats free Negro, 605;
school for free Negroes, 610;
controversy on support of penitentiary, 664, 669;
Association for Suppression of Vice, 675, 701;
contribution for poor of Europe, 698;
case for help for local poor, 698-99;
Rex fund for hospital, 700;
fast day in 1849, 731;
Dr. W. H. McKee, 733;
black tongue, 737;
eye specialist, 745;
grave robbery, 746;
North Carolina Medical Society, 758;
Minerva, 764-65;
Register, 765-66;
frequency of newspapers, 773;
periodicals, 796, 797, 798, 799, 802, 803, 804;
almanacs, 811;
printeries and book binders, 814;
Mary Bayard Clarke, 825.
Rape, mob violence as punishment, 508-10;
petitions for reprieves for Negroes convicted of, 589-90;
castration of slaves convicted of, 650;
assault by free person of color with intent to commit ousted of clergy, 652.
Reading, habits, 82, 194, 228, 231, 804-5;
rooms, in town, 164-65;
societies, 167.
See Libraries;
Library Societies.
Reconstruction, 330, 550 and n, 613.
Recreation, 95, 150;
of planter, 81-86;
reading as, 82, 194, 228, 231, 804-5;
of farmer, 90-109;
lack of, 151, 190;
of village men, 164-68;
feature of temperance movement, 171-72;
commercialized, 180;
camp meetings, 408;
church service, 442-46;
slave, 550-59.
See Sports;
Rural life;
Games.
Red house of Hillsboro, 142.
Red necks. See Poor whites.
Redding, Jesse, 513.
Reform movements, basis of representation, 34-35, 76;
manhood suffrage, 35-36;
opposition to, 37, 627-28, 713;
toward democratization, 53, 73-77;
temperance, 152-53, 453-58;
public education, 260, 262-65;
amelioration of slave code, 499-501;
colonization, 569-72;
abolition of slavery, 572-81;
preservation of free Negro's civil rights, 584-85;
judiciary reform, 613, 627-43;
amelioration of criminal code, 644-45, 650-54;
Nash's pledge to fight for amelioration of criminal code, 650-51;
abolishment of imprisonment for debt, 654-57;
agitation for penitentiary, 661-73;
improvement in jail conditions, 682;
in behalf of poor, 690-91;
in behalf of insane, 711-13;
in behalf of deaf and blind, 713-14;
in medicine, 717, 759-63.
Reformed Church. See German Reformed.
Reformed Evangelical Church, 362.
Reformed Medical Society, 757.
Regionalism, of North Carolina described, 22, 31-32, 36.
See Sectionalism.
Regular Baptists, 337, 338, 339, 340.
Reichel, Levin Theodore, 816.
Reid, David S., 35.
Reid, Captain John, 443.
Religion, in colonial period, 18, 332-33, 336, 337-39, 348-51;
in woman's life, 228-29;
disrespect for, 331-32, 370, 371;
denominational growth, 331-70;
literature, 360, 380,-419, 815-17;
camp meeting movement, 371-88;
Page 929
revival cycles, 388-90;
instruction, 541-49;
See names of denominations.
Representation, county basis of in General Assembly, 34;
movement for equal, 34-35, 769.
Republican Methodist Church, 366.
Republican Revolution of 1800, 104.
Republicans. See Jeffersonian Republicans.
Resorts. See Summer resorts.
Revised Code of 1855, town government, 123;
on marriage, 200;
on bastardy, 215;
on bigamy, 216-17;
criminal jurisdiction of county court, 621-22;
superior court districts, 623;
crimes and punishments, 652-53;
Cantwell on, 654.
Revised Statutes of 1837, crimes and punishments, 651-52, 653;
penalty on warden of poor for refusal to serve, 685.
Revivals, 361, 371-409.
See Great Revival.
Rex, John, 571, 700.
Rhodes, James, 758.
Rhodes, William Henry, 826.
Rich Lands plantation, 226.
Richards, W. P., editor, 796.
Richardson, Elder N., on Ralph Freeman, 609.
Richmond, Va., 23, 84, 114, 514, 569.
Richmond County, 53, 106, 108, 260n, 349, 389, 470.
Richmond Enquirer, quoted, 561.
Richmond Family Visitor, 802.
Ricks, Micajah, 494.
Riddick, Joseph, 665.
Ring tournament, 184-85.
Rintleman, Christopher, 359.
Rip Van Winkle, North Carolina as, 21, 25, 764, 827.
Rippel, Henry, Sunday school at house, 419.
Ripple, Martin, 361.
Rising, Mrs. Anne, 50.
Roads, turnpike, 24, 28;
plank, 26;
system, 26-28, 131;
condition, 29;
crowded with emigrants, 39;
location of towns, 114;
building, 118;
justices of peace exempt from duty, 617.
Rutherfordton, railroad, 25;
academy, 324;
arrest of abolitionist, 577;
whipping post and stocks moved back of jail, 679;
newspaper, 768, 790.
Sabbath, breaking, act of 1741 discussed, 446-47;
as cause of church discipline, 451;
planter arrested for, 479;
penalty for cognizable before magistrate, 618;
punishment, 649;
observance of, 94, 127-28.
See Sunday.
Sabo, Cato, Negro doctor, 758.
St. Anthony's fire, skin disease, 737.
St. Mary's School, 307.
St. Phillip's Parish, 544.
Salem, people described, 80;
Academy, 306, 365, 419;
plan of, 119, 120;
government, 125-126, 125n;
erection, 364;
Sunday school, 419;
Sunday school for Negroes, 542;
Episcopal Church, 547;
Crooks--McBride trial for circulating abolition literature, 575-77;
Farmers' Reporter, 796;
Salem Magazine, 798.
See Moravian Church.
Salem Chronicle, publication of "The Wagoner," 825.
Salem Magazine, 798.
Salem Society for Protection of Property, 675.
Salisbury, railroad, 25, 26;
main road west, 27-28;
mail stage, 28, 29;
aristocracy, 61;
people described by traveler, 80;
styles, 87;
population, 114,
location, 115;
campaign of 1840, 150;
dance, 160;
parties, 161;
rowdies, 162;
Institute, lectures, 167-68;
theatrical societies, 177;
minstrels perform, 179;
cockfighting banned, 181;
Jockey club, 182n;
architecture, 224;
shops, 247;
family discipline, 254;
Academy, 285 and n, 296, 325;
Female Academy, 307;
St. Luke's Church, 336n;
Baptist Church, 342;
Lutherans, 359;
revival, 380;
Bible Society, 417;
slave funeral, 541;
attitude toward B. S. Hedrick, 567;
district court, 622;
insane man confined in jail, 709;
newspapers 764, 767, 768, 771-72;
criticism by "The Club," 782;
North Carolina Magazine, 794;
Farmers' Advocate, 796.
Salmon, William, 693.
Saloon, licensed, 96-97, 126, 454;
in social life of town, 119;
gambling at unlawful, 186.
See Grog shops; Spirituous liquors.
Sandy Creek Association, organization, 338, 339;
revivals, 387, 388;
revival of 1824, 389;
women's missionary society, 425;
petition against treating with liquor, 455;
on slaveholding, 462;
on slave marriages, 537, 538.
Sanitation and health, Ch. XXIV, 717-63.
Satchwell, Dr. S. S., quoted, 722, 723, 748, 756, 763.
Saunders, Dr., 759.
Saunders, Romulus M., 736, 812.
Sawyer, Lemuel, 105, 194, 821, 824.
Sawyer, L. T., 47.
Sawyer, Mary, quoted, 237.
Sawyer, Matthias E., 822.
Schaw, Alexander, 16.
Schaw, Janet, 16, 94, 233, 245, 489.
Schneider, Heinreich, 175.
School Fund, 269.
See Literary Fund.
School. See Public school.
Page 930
Scotch, number tabulated, 9;
Highlands, 8, 9, 11, 349;
as settlers, 10, 11-12, 33, 52n.
Scotch-Irish, settlers, 8, 65, 353;
number tabulated, 9;
character of, 11-12, 52n;
and education, 284-85, 301;
and Presbyterian Church, 349, 350;
influence in American history, 817.
Scott, Edward M., 749.
Scott, R., dentist, 747.
Scott, Sir Walter, 184.
Seaton, William Winston, 766.
Seawell, James, 191.
"Second Nazareth," North Carolina as, 41.
Sectionalism, cause of, 8, 22, 23, 51, 668-69;
discussed, 31-36.
Sellers, Mrs. Ann, 229-30.
Sellers, Colonel John, 230.
Semi-Weekly Standard, 177.
Semple, Robert, B., quoted, 373.
Separate Baptists, establishment, 338 and n, 339, 340, 342, 367, 412;
religious methods, 372-73, 375;
great meetings, 373, 390;
Great Revival, 377;
evangelization, 385;
liberties given slaves, 544.
Sermons, camp meeting, 392-93, 395, 403;
length, 444;
subjects, 444-45;
and religious controversies, 445;
on peace, 454.
Servants, proportion, 57;
wage of female domestics, 70;
case cited, 71-72;
on plantation, 83, 84, 85, 235;
dependence on, 230;
of planter, 231;
appearance of, 232;
supervision, 234;
management, 236-37;
white women as, 247;
Negro as nurses, 252-53;
on large plantations, 476;
assist trash gang, 480;
disobedience, 496;
free Negroes, 606;
death penalty for embezzlement, 646;
apprentices, 705;
manipulate fly-brush, 719.
Setzer, George, 155.
Sewers, 130, 131-32.
Sex relations, interracial, 71-72, 220, 221, 222, 588-93;
common law marriages, 207-8, 207n;
illegitimacy, 209-12, 209n;
double standard protested, 213;
prostitution, 215-16;
importance of female virtue, 228;
immorality as cause of church discipline, 450, 452;
shift of opinion on rape, 507-10, 507n;
of slaves, 535-39;
of free Negro, 610-11;
frequency of trials for unlawful, 657, 658-59, 660;
prosecutions and convictions, 667, 670.
See Marriage;
Race mixing.
Sexes, separation at social gathering, 85, 158-59;
associations during courtship, 191-202, 208-9;
equality of, 248, 250;
separation in schools, 277, 301;
separation at church service, 392;
plea for equal share in church activities, 426.
See Sex relations.
Shakespearian plays, condemned, 178.
Share cropper, 69n.
See Tenants;
Poor whites.
Sharp, John, quoted, 383.
Sharpe, Dr. W. R., quoted, 733, 738.
Shaw, Hugh, revivalist, 380.
Shaw, William, 64n.
Sheffield Register, 765.
Shelby, 249n.
Shelby, Colonel Henry, 82.
Shepard, Charles B., 31, 564-65.
Shepard, William B., 58, 159, 198, 274, 295.
Sheppard, A. H., 585.
Sheriff, popular election urged, 76;
advertise runaways at church, 445;
authority to seize smuggled slaves, 472,
collection of poor tax, 688-89;
jurisdiction over poor children, 704-5.
Sherwood, John, 796 and n.
Sherwood, M. S., 769.
Shirley plantation, 84, 85.
Shober, Emanuel, 269, 675.
Shober, G., 360, 361.
Shocco Female Academy, 307.
Shocco Springs, 188, 189, 190, 726.
Shooting matches, 109, 112, 173-74.
Short story contest, 801.
Shorter Catechism, 349, 353.
Shorthand schools, 288, 291.
Shower of flesh and blood, 50.
Shufflers, slaves unfit for hard labor, 480.
Siamese Twins, 179.
Sick house, slave hospital, 527.
Sidewalks, 130, 131-32.
Sikes, Theodore M., 747.
Silk, culture of, 246.
Simms, William Gilmore, 173, 827.
Simons, J. H., 711.
Simpson, Mrs. Ann K., 50.
Singing schools, 93-94, 100, 444.
Sion, slave, clothes, 525.
Skin diseases, scabies and impetigo, 73;
of slaves, 529;
of whites, 717.
Slade, A., 484.
Slade, Alfred M., 759.
Slade, General Jeremiah, 52, 83.
Slang, knock-'em-stiff, 80;
corned, 97;
nigger, 145, 345;
the ardent, 149;
doggeries, 153;
examples of, 155;
getting blue, 160;
three sheets in the wind, 163;
niggs, O. K., 184n;
dulcina, 195;
coxcomb, 195, 198;
loadstone, 196;
cockfiighter, 198;
fly the track, 202;
use in editorial paragraphs, 791-92.
See Colloquial expessions.
Slater, John, 503.
Slave Code, Ch. XVII, 493-521.
Slave conspiracies, 510-15, 519-21, 550, 594, 603, 646
See Insurrections.
Slave driver, Negro leader on plantation, 476, 487.
Slave labor. See Slave system.
Slave system, Ch. XVI, 468-92.
See Slave code, Social life of slave.
Slave Trade, 471-75, 598.
Slaveholders, in 1790, 15;
tabulated by numbers, 55;
tabulated by percent, 56;
tabulated by families, 56;
size of families, 251n;
rank of North Carolina, 468-69;
percent of families, 469;
concentration, 469-70;
interest of in Southern Rights Convention, 565-66;
Helper's warning to, 568;
free Negro, 607-8.
See Planters, Farmers.
Slavery, effect on attitude toward labor, 77-78, 230-31;
religious theories on, 458, 462-65, 463n, 495.
See Slave system; Slave code;
Anti-slavery movement, Slaves.
Slaves, in colonial period, 8, 10, 470;
numbers tabulated, 55;
percentage per owner tabulated, 56;
social status, 59;
compared with poor whites, 71;
as house servants, 83;
trafficking, 128;
in fire companies, 135;
marketing, 137-38, 138n.
See Slave system;
Slave code;
Social life of the slave;
Negroes.
Slocum, Jonathan L., 302.
Slow racing, described, 109, 13.
Small, Reuben, 240.
Smallpox, town ordinances, 127;
vaccine less needed than cure for malaria, 722;
Jenner discovery of vaccine, 734;
treatment, 750.
Social classes, in colonial period, 10-11, 16-17, 53,
Ch. III, 52-79;
economic basis, 53-59;
gentry, 59-63;
middle class, 63-65;
yeomanry and mechanics, 65-67;
poor whites, 67-73;
movement toward democracy, 73-77;
degradation of labor, 77-79;
Page 931
Helper's threat of class war, 568.
See Upper classes;
Gentry;
Lower classes;
Poor, Mechanics; etc.
Social lag, in family relationship, 191, 219-20.
See Reform movements.
Social legislation, public schools, 272-78;
State Asylum for insane, 712-13;
education of deaf and blind, 714-16;
newspaper policy, 782-83;
attitude of Western North Carolina. 788;
in antebellum period, 827-31.
See Reform movements;
Poor relief;
Court system;
Criminal Code.
Social life, on plantation, 81-86;
on farm, 90-95, 113;
in towns, 152-87;
equality of, 157.
See Social life of slaves;
Free Negroes.
Social life of slave, Ch. XVIII, 222-59.
Social trends, humanitarianism, 21, 37, 74, 168;
manhood suffrage, 35-36;
labor organizations, 72 and n, 174 and n;
democratization, 73-77;
temperance movement, 152-53, 453-58;
woman movement, 249-50, 258;
emancipation of slaves, 249, 593-97;
public education, 259, 264-65, 329-30;
religious expansion, 340-42, 343, 410-33;
amelioration of slave code, 499-501;
colonization of free Negroes, 569-72;
abolition of slavery, 572-81;
judiciary reform, 613, 627-43;
amelioration of criminal code, 644-45, 650-54;
abolishment of imprisonment for debt, 654-57;
agitation for state penitentiary, 661-73;
improvement in jail conditions, 682;
agitation for reforms in poor relief, 690-91;
state care of insane, 711-13;
education of deaf and blind, 713-14;
in medicine, 717, 759-63;
newspaper policy toward, 782-83, 788.
Society for Propagation of Gospel, 18, 332-33, 354.
Society of Friends. See Friends, Society of.
Sojourner, William, 337.
Somerset Place, 485.
See Josiah Collins, Jr.
Songs, of town rowdies, 162;
temperance, 172;
minstrel, 179-80;
camp meeting, 392-93, 394-95;
John Canoe, 553;
"Virginny Nigger Berry Good," 554;
"I Lost My Shoe in an Old Canoe," 554;
books of by North Carolinians, 826.
Speech, Pennsylvania Dutch, 12, 89;
provincial, 52n;
of poor whites, 72;
examples, 103.
See Dialect;
Colloquial and provincial expressions;
Slang;
Freedom of Speech.
Spellman, Jacob, 608.
Spellman, John, 775.
Spencer, Cornelia Phillips, 232-33, 826.
Spirit of the Age, 797, 803, 805, 806, 822.
Spiritual songs, sung by wagoners, 137;
at camp meeting, 393, 394-95, 395n;
Elder Burkitt publishes pamphlets, 395;
Daniel's Selections of Hymns and Spiritual Songs, 826.
Spirituous liquors, license for retailing, 96-97;
town control of, 153;
and gambling, 186;
tax on for education, 265;
drinking at school prohibited, 327;
at camp meeting, 407 and n;
sale prohibited at church, 454;
forbidden slaves, 498;
slaves forbidden to sell, 532n;
master warns against sale to slaves, 533;
petitions and legislation on Negro use, 557;
retailing without license, 559, 658, 659, 670-71;
legislation on free Negro use, 601;
prosecutions and convictions, 667, 670;
use in surgery, 744.
See Grog shops, Temperance movement, Drinking.
Sports, colonial, 17;
on plantation, 85-86;
on farm, 91-92, 94;
of poor whites, 95;
throwing sledge, 109;
rural described, 109-113;
cockfighting, 180-81;
horse racing, 181-83;
ring tournament, 184-85;
boys', 254;
churches disapprove "sports of pleasure," 449;
slave playing ball on Sunday forbidden, 551;
John Canoe custom, 552-53;
slave fishing, hunting, gambling, 555-57.
See Games.
Sprees, fence-building, 92;
singing, 94;
of rowdies, 162.
See Frolics.
Springs. See Summer resorts.
Spruill, George E., 585, 668-69.
Stage coaches, 28, 29n, 115, 784.
See postal service.
Standard. See North Carolina Standard.
Stanford, Samuel, revivalist, 382.
Stanly, Edward, 149.
Stanly, John, 585, 675, 711, 813.
Stanly, John C., 14n, 43-44.
Stanly, John Carruthers, 608, 610.
Stanly, John Stewart, 608.
Stanly County, 34, 361n, 362.
Stanton, Jonathan, 598.
Stantonsburg, 170.
Staples, in colonial period, 15;
in ante-bellum period, 53;
of Western North Carolina, 122;
of plantations, 481;
after opening of Northwest, 482n;
grain, 484.
See Crops, Produce.
Stores, country, 68, 95, 98-100, 113, 617;
in county towns, 116, 117;
town, 119;
in Morganton, 121.
See Merchants.
Stoves, town regulation of, 132;
popularity increases, 227.
Strange, Robert, 22, 167, 813, 824, 829.
Strange, T. Early, 769, 777.
Streets, described, 119, 121;
Raleigh, 123;
repair, 126, 130-32;
lighting, 129;
livestock in, 129-30;
women on, 155.
Stringer, William, 773.
Strother, F. K., 800-1.
Strudwick, Dr. Edmund, 745, 760.
Strutt, Joseph, 110.
Subscription schools, 71, 308;
Brantley York's, 100;
discussed, 283-84;
curriculum, 284, 314;
classes in, 302, 321;
building described, 310-11;
equipment, 312-13;
teachers, 318, 320;
methods of, 321 and n.
Page 932
Suffrage, property qualification, 35, 76;
manhood, 36, 76;
in town government, 123;
of free Negroes under Constitution of 1776, 601-2;
debates on free Negro, 602-3;
free Negro deprived of, 603;
in municipal elections, 603-4.
Summer resorts, discussed, 188-90;
trip to, 726;
influence of hydrotherapy, 757.
Summerbell, N., 816.
Sunday, on farm, 90-91;
hunting on, 94, 448;
observance, 127;
afternoon stroll, 155, 551;
conduct of slaves on, 550-51.
See Sabbath.
Sunday School Times, 422.
Sunday schools, Lutheran, 361;
movement discussed, 419-23, 432;
slaves taught in, 542;
for Phelps Lake slaves, 548.
Sunday Times, quoted, 791.
Superior Court. See Court system.
Superstitions, 22;
discussed, 48-51;
in the nursery, 252-53;
of masses, 404;
fear of insane, 708;
of childbirth, 740;
medicine, 754-55.
Supreme Court. See Court system.
Surgery, discussed, 743-45.
Surry Congressional District, opposition to slavery, 564.
Swain, David L., 20, 293, 296, 585, 798, 819, 820.
"Swannanoa," poem, 825.
Swiss, settlers, 8, 9, 358, 468.
Syme, John W., editor, 766.
Synod of North Carolina, Presbyterian, establishment, 351;
mission work, 352, 411, 412, 415;
revival of 1821, 389;
report on religious exercises, 401, 402,
tract work, 419 and n;
Sunday schools, 420;
church work of women, 425-26;
on interdenominationalism, 431;
on scarcity of ministers, 437;
on ministers' salaries, 438;
against intemperance, 454-55;
reports on colonization societies, 462;
withdrawal from General Assembly, 466;
report of 1821 on work among Negroes, 546-47;
hears report on instruction of deaf, 714.
See Presbyterian Church.
Taboos, marriage of wife's sister, 193;
incest, 216, 507;
rape, 507-10, 589-90;
social relations of whites and Negroes, 695, 788-89.
Taliaferro, H. E., 80-81, 617, 824.
Tally, Andrew, 755.
Tar industry, 486.
Tarboro, mail service, 28;
example of personal abuse, 46;
W. H. Wills, 91,
produce, 98;
population, 114;
fire protection, 133, 134;
public performances, 180;
architecture, 224;
Episcopal Convention in, 333, 334;
temperance movement, 456;
attitude on malicious killing of slave, 501;
scare over conspiracy of 1825, 515;
regulation of free Negroes, 604;
bridge contractor, 606;
smallpox epidemic, 736;
newspapers, 768-69;
Edgecombe Farm-Journal, 797.
Taverns, described, 82, 95-96, 113;
town, 119, 151-53, 401;
celebration at, 142, 150;
Joseph Harman, 180;
gambling at unlawful, 186;
Moravian, 364;
gatherings at on Sunday, 448;
Faddis, 746.
See Grog shops.
Taxation, basis of representation, 35, 36, 76;
town, 123, 124, 126, 127, 131, 133, 134;
for public schools, 260-61, 267-68, 269, 272, 274.
See Taxes.
Taxes, on liquor, 96-97, 126;
on gambling tables, 187;
opposition to increases, 261, 831;
for public schools, 274-75, 280n;
church members pay, 430;
on church pews, 443n;
on slaves imported, 471;
capitation tax on free Negroes urged, 584;
planters pay poll tax on free Negroes on plantation, 607;
for erection of penitentiary too great, 663;
reason for defeat of penitentiary question in 1846, 672-73;
for poor, 684, 686-87;
bill to reduce, 697;
for asylum for insane, 713.
See Taxation.
Textbooks, lack of uniformity, 281n;
in subscription schools, 314;
in common schools, 315-16;
in academies, 316-17;
of Salisbury Academy, 325;
out of date, 330.
Thalian associations, 176-77.
Thanksgiving Day, observance, 144;
opposition to, 830.
Theaters, of New Bern, 120;
courthouse used as, 139;
of Fayetteville, 156;
opposition to, 158, 449;
discussed, 175-78, 190.
Theatrical companies and societies, 175-78, 178-79, 178n, 266.
Therapeutics. See Medical therapy.
Thespian Society of Raleigh, 175-76, 286, 701;
of Salisbury, 177;
of Warrenton, 177.
Thomas, James, 456.
Thomas, Joseph, 366, 401.
Thomas, Nathaniel P., 597.
Thompson, Charles H., 173.
Thompson, John, 350.
Thompson, William, 815.
Thomson, Samuel, 757.
Thornburg, Burgwyn plantation, 485-86, 565.
Thyatira Presbyterian Church, 380.
Tippecanoe Club, 150.
Tippling houses, 119, 153, 190.
See Grog shops, Spirituous liquors.
Tobacco, colonial product, 6, 482n;
as crop, 5, 10, 15, 53;
use of, prevalence of chewing and smoking, 91, 151, 208, 439;
snuff-dipping, 92-93;
use by camp meeting preachers, 408;
as reward to slave, 469, 529;
routine of crop, 482-84;
in courtroom, 614;
sold in Virginia, 828.
Tokens, religious, 387, 421, 449.
Page 933
Toleration. See Religious toleration.
Tompkins, D. A., 754-55.
Tompkins, Dr. John F., 478, 522, 796-97.
Toms, Francis, 354, 355.
Toole, Henry Irvin, 204.
Toomer, John D., 637.
Tournament. See Ring tournament.
Towns, lack of large, 23, 114-15;
poor whites. 69;
and country relationship, 78, 97, 113, 254-55,
Ch. V, 114-50;
life of, Ch. VI, 151-90.
Trade, river, 98, 117-18;
county seats, 116, 117.
See Markets;
Crops;
Industries;
Commerce.
Tradesmen, number tabulated, 57 and n, 66;
social status, 63;
apprenticeship system, 70, 703-4, 705;
Negro-white competition, 71-72, 72n, 174;
organization of, 174;
cabinet makers, 227;
slave, 476-77, 541;
custom of slaves hiring own time, 531-32.
See Mechanics;
Negro tradesmen.
Transportation, in 1845, 21;
Olmsted's observations on lack, 22;
inter-regional isolation, 23, 33;
Murphey plan of inland waterways, 23-24;
construction of railroads, 24-25;
effect of railroads, 25-26;
plank roads, 26;
road system, 26-28.
mail stages, 28-29.
Traveling, limited opportunities for lower classes, 25, 26, 30, 113;
to market described, 137;
as social practice, 188, 189-90, 726;
after weddings, 206-7.
See Transportation.
Turpentine, area of industry, 53 and n;
routine on plantation, 486-88;
in treatment of worms, 742.
Tutors, 283.See Teachers.
Twitty, Robert G., 679.
Tyack, J. J., book bindery, 815.
Typhoid fever, mill ponds broken up after epidemic, 720 and n;
cause, 724;
types, 725;
in Great Epidemic of 1846-47, 727-28;
confusion with yellow fever, 728;
treatment, 751, 754.
Tyrrell County, 69, 333, 335, 694, 722.
Tyson, Bryan, 540.
Union Baptists, 367.
Union County, cotton crop, 53.
Unitas Fratrum, 125.
See Moravian Church.
United Baptists, 339.
United Brethren's Home Missionary Society, 415.
Universalists, 369.
University of North Carolina, 27, 49, 61, 116-17, 140-41, 269, 290-96, 314, 323, 436, 566-67, 795, 797-98, 810, 812, 819, 822.
University of North Carolina Magazine, 797-98.
Upper classes, substitute slave labor for road work;
traveling fashionable, 30;
entry into, 59;
control of officeholding, 75-77;
lodge members, 101;
seldom took part in rural sports, 109;
frequent tavern bar, 152;
dances, 159;
illegitimacy among, 209, 211-12;
work of women, 228-31, 245;
opposition to public schools, 277;
chasm between and yeomanry, 830.
Urquhart, Mrs. Louisa, 474.
Usher, Mr., 519.
Vaccination, 735.
Vagabonds, 187, 683.
See Vagrancy.
Vagrancy, 127, 216, 600, 648-49, 653.
Valle Crucis mission, 336, 414.
Van Buren, Martin, 787, 789.
Vance, Zebulon B., 276n, 813.
Vanhorn, Peter Peterson, 337.
Vanstorie, Dr., 759.
Vehicles, used in emigration, 39;
types, 127;
wagons described, 137;
barouche, 140;
gig, 197;
ox cart, 392;
masters lend to slaves for funeral, 541.
Wake Forest College, 225, 343, 298-301, 413, 646n.
Wake Forest Female Seminary, 303.
Wake Union Church, 430-32.
Waldo, F. W., 768.
Walker, David, 515, 518, 543, 550, 572, 585.
Walker, Henderson, 354.
Walker, John M., 269.
Wallace, S. D., 277.
Walsh, John T., 368, 802-3.
Walters, Nicholas, 383.
War of 1812, 371, 665, 795-96.
Ward, Colonel, 563.
Ward, Dr. John F., 736.
Wardens of poor, power of county court to appoint, 622, 685;
appointment by overseers of poor, 684;
penalties for refusing to serve, 685;
legislation in behalf of, 685-86;
Bennehan legacy to Orange County, 687-88;
Supreme Court on administration of poor tax, 690;
and apprentice system, 690, 703;
administration of poor tax, 691-94;
administration of poorhouses, 696-97;
care of idiots, 707.
Warrenton, settlement, 13;
society described, 63;
deer hunt, 86;
five game, 109;
population, 114;
location, 115;
Jefferson celebration, 143;
ball, 157;
theatrical society, 177;
races, 182;
springs, 188, 726;
Falkner School, 247, 306-7;
academy, 285;
Keys medical school, 289;
military school, 289;
Page 934
Female Academy, 307;
Academy, 323;
Episcopal minister, 333;
Episcopal charity school, 425;
newspapers, 768;
Bragg and Green encounter, 790;
burning of newspaper shop, 791.
Warrenton Reporter, 768, 804.
Washington, D. C., 31, 161, 183, 308, 766.
Washington, George, 140, 141, 143, 145.
Washington, John, 54.
Washington, N. C., produce marketed in, 98;
population, 114;
free Negroes, 128, 599-600, 606;
fire company, 134;
John Bonner funeral, 147-48;
public schools in, 277;
Bible Society station, 417;
Presbyterian Church, 436;
laxity of slave discipline, 495;
scare from runaways, 514;
effect of news of Walker's Appeal, 516, 572-73;
Guards, 516;
mulatto reports slave plot, 519;
case against slaves for boisterous conduct, 551;
fever epidemic of 1843, 728-29;
cholera, 731;
newspapers, 767, 768.
Washington Constitution, 792.
Washington County, 69, 189, 238, 335, 694, 722.
Washington Republican, 728-29.
Washington Times, 768.
Water supply, public pumps, 119-126;
in Salem, 120, 136;
town committees on, 126-27;
municipal efforts, 135-36, 136n;
in houses, 718.
Watering places, 757.
See Summer resorts.
Watson, Elkanah, 13, 18, 82, 85-86, 120, 248-49.
Watson, Thomas, 766.
Watson, William, 693.
Watterson, Henry, 791.
Waxhaw camp meeting, 402, 407.
Wayland, Francis, 463.
Wayne County, 32-33, 265, 272, 356, 513, 599, 632, 681, 685, 694, 758.
Waynesville, courthouse, 615.
Wealth, scarcity of money, 15, 16, 81, 102n, 150;
F. L. Olmsted on division, 22;
per capita estimated, 58;
and social status, 58-60.
See Staples, Industries, Agriculture.
Weapons, habit of wearing, 43n, 46, 47;
Bowie knife, 48;
in Surry County, 80;
forbidden slaves, 498-99, 555;
search of Negro houses for, 511;
illegal to sell to slave, 555;
free Negro must have license to carry, 601.
Weather, effect on condition of poor, 697-98;
effect on health, 721;
effect of dry fall on malaria, 722.
Weldon, trip on railroad described, 20-21;
railroad, 24, 25;
Odd Fellows, 101;
ring tournament, 185.
Wellborn, James, 181.
Weller, Dr. S., 172.
Welsh settlers, 8, 350.
Wesley, Charles, 343.
Wesley, John, 343.
Wesleyan Methodist Church, organization, 347, 465;
Crooks and McBride missionary work, 575;
Crooks and McBride trial in Forsyth, 575-76;
expulsion of missionaries from State, 577-78;
expulsion of Daniel Worth from State, 579-81.
Whig party, barbecue, 149;
Harrison campaign, 150;
ladies, 249;
Raleigh Register, 765;
newspapers, 787;
North Carolina party stronger than, 828-29.
Whipping, for mayhem, 42;
posts, 119, 679;
as school punishment, 327-28, 330;
as slave punishment, 493, 498;
slave to death, 501, 503;
for Negro preaching against law, 550;
magistrate's court sentence limited to thirty-nine lashes, 619;
as substitute punishment for clergyable felonies, 647;
crimes punishable by, 648;
under Revised Code, 653;
opposition to, 661;
approval of, 663;
description, 679-80.
Whitaker, Junius B., 773, 803.
Whitaker, Prof. P., 159.
White, Ann J., 534.
White, David J., 534.
White, Phillip S., 171.
White, Philo, editor, 770, 774-75.
White Pilgrim, Joseph Thomas, 366.
White, William, postmaster, 29.
White, Rt. Rev. William, organization of Protestant Episcopal Church, 334.
White, William, Secretary of State, 250.
White-collar workers, 57 and n, 58.
Whitefield, George, 337, 376.
Whithed, Jehu, 542.
Whittlesey, Sarah, J. C., 801, 825, 826.
Widow Ruby's Husband, 824.
Wife beating, 241-42, 451.
Wilbur-Gurney controversy, 357.
Wiley, Calvin H., on class feeling, 79;
quoted, 247, 312-14, 317;
letter to, 273;
as superintendent of common schools, 277-82, 284;
on women's schools, 305;
on textbooks, 315;
efforts to raise school standards, 319-20, 321-23;
North Carolina Journal of Education, 799;
Southern Weekly Post, 799-800;
North Carolina Reader, 822, 829;
novels, 824-25.
Wiley, Samuel H., 36.
Wilkes County, 5, 181, 590, 591, 681.
Wilkesboro, 353.
Wilkings, Dr. William C., 45.
Williams, Benjamin, quoted, 257, 260.
Williams, Daniel, 571.
Williams, Robert, Baptist, 337, 412.
Williams, Robert, Methodist, 344, 410-11.
Williams, Thomas H., 311, 329, 319.
Williams Hotel, 159.
Williamsboro, 166n;
military school, 289;
academy, 307;
Episcopal church, 424;
religious instruction of Negroes, 547.
Williamsboro Female Academy, 307.
Williamson, Hugh, 817.
Williamson, James and Co., 473.
Williamson, Dr. James E., 760.
Williamston Library Association, 166n.
Wills, James, 206, 781.
Wills, William Henry, quoted, 91, 224.
Wilmington, 5, 8, 11, 13, 20, 21, 22, 26, 32, 45, 146, 151, 170, 178, 245, 343, 348, 349;
ladies described, 16;
and Weldon railroad, 23, 24;
mail in 1853, 29-30;
society described, 62;
population, 114, 117;
as port, 115;
described, 121;
government, 124-25, 127;
free Negroes, 128, 599-600, 606;
street lights, 129;
streets paved, 132;
protection against fires, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136;
mud market, 139;
visits of noted persons, 141;
military companies, 141;
railroad celebration, 143;
Christmas in, 145;
lodge, 156;
St. James Church, 163n, 424;
women's benevolent societies, 163n, 266, 424-25;
reading room, 164;
Library, 166;
Mechanics Association, 174;
Thalian Association, 176-77;
ministrels perform, 179, 180;
gas lights, 233;
shops, 247;
Innes Academy, 265;
and public schools, 277;
Tate's Academy, 285;
military school, 289;
library association, 322;
Methodist Church, 344, 345, 430, 436;
St. Paul's Lutheran Church, 361;
Page 935
Catholic church, 368;
revival, 384; 390, 401;
Bible Society station, 417;
Jews, 429;
Presbyterian Church lottery, 435;
slave discipline, 495;
scare from runaways, 514;
conspiracy of 1831, 519-20,
law permitting slaves to hire own time, 532;
Negro Methodists, 541-42, 545,
Negro Episcopal congregation, 547;
Negro church clerk, 549;
Kuner custom, 553;
sale of three-cent-drinks on the wink, 559;
newspaper quarrel, 566;
re action against free Negroes, 578;
planter leaves property to mulattoes, 592;
carpenter on race mixing, 593;
district court town, 622;
contribution to poor of Europe, 698;
Seamen's Friend Society, 701-2;
drainage of swamps, 721-22;
dysentery, 730;
pneumonia and pleurisy, 733;
Dr. Edwin Anderson, 745;
newspapers, 764, 766. 767, 769;
Journal, 772;
Chronicle and Herald, 774;
Democratic Free Press, 804;
James Adams' printery, 814;
Drane's Historical Notices, 816.
Wilmington Aurora, 566, 578.
Wilmington and Raleigh Railroad Co., 24, 25, 143, 271n.
Witchcraft, discussed, 48-50, 91;
bewitching cattle, 453;
in practice of medicine, 754-55.
Witherspoon, John, Princeton, 609.
Wives, and divorces from bed and board, 218, 219, 222-23;
duties of, 231-38;
property rights, 238-41;
legally subject to husband, 241-42;
status compared to slave's, 242-43, 243n;
extra-legal status, 243-44,
advertisements for runaway, 245;
as wage earner, 245-46;
knowledge of family remedies, 752.
See Women, Marriage.
Wolstonecraft, Mary, 248.
Woman's rights movement, effect of in North Carolina, 249-50, 258;
effect on church work, 426;
ultraism of the day, 458.
Women, wage as domestics, 70, 83;
ill-health, 80, 88, 230, 740, 741-42;
dress of, 87-89;
weaving of, 88;
effect of dancing on, 157-58;
employment in home, 194-95, 231-38;
ideal, 208-9, 228-31, 248, 302;
education, 228, 302-8, 343;
church work, 228-29, 425-26;
North and South, 230;
legal status, 238-43, 243n;
extra-legal status, 243-45, 258;
as wage earner, 245-50;
emancipation of, 248;
in politics, 249-50, 249n;
imprisonment for debt abolished, 656;
charity work, 702-3;
newspaper jibes about, 792;
North Carolina Telegraph champions, 801;
edit and set type of Weekly Message, 802.
See Wives, Marriage.
Woodbourne plantation, 83;
routine of labor, 479-80;
slave health, 528-29;
cash rewards for overtime work, 529.
Woodfin, N. W., 89, 673.
Woodlawn plantation, 726.
Woodson, Obediah, 796.
Woodward, Mrs., 745.
Worth, Daniel, 347-48, 579, 580, 680.
Wreck of Honor, The, play, 824.
Wrestling, sport, 17, 109, 112, 254;
condemned by church, 453.
Wright, John, 767.
Wrightsville, 188.
Wynne, Robert H., 286.
Yadkin and Catawba Journal, 768.
Yadkin County, 5.
Yadkinville, Disciples of Christ, 368.
Yale University, 85, 286;
graduates teach in North Carolina, 293;
students go for medical training, 749.
Yancey, Bartlett, 186-87, 270, 323, 626, 711.
Yancey, William L., 45.
Yancey County, 272, 342, 614, 632, 633, 634.
Yapp, William J., 804.
Yarborough, Edward, 177.
Yates, Matthew T., 413.
Yaws, 739 and n.
Yellow fever, possible confusion with typhoid, 728;
Washington epidemic of 1843, 728-29;
Elizabeth City epidemic, 729.
Yellow Jacket, collection of laws of 1752, 814.
Yeomanry, 35, 36n, 70, 78, 318;
of Virginia, 10;
of colonial period, 16-17;
and fighting, 42-43;
number estimated, 58;
discussed, 65-67;
appeal to in politics, 75;
recreation, 95, 180;
work of women, 231, 238;
work of children, 255;
and religions, 331, 332;
and Methodism, 344;
attitude toward slavery, 561;
chasm between educated classes and, 830.