]> <emph>Report and Recommendations of the Commission to Study Public Schools and Colleges for Colored People in North Carolina: Authorized by the General Assembly in Resolution no. 28, March 10, 1937, and Appointed by Governor Clyde R. Hoey:</emph> Electronic Edition. Commission to Study Public Schools and Colleges for Colored People in North Carolina Funding from the Institute for Museum and Library Services supported the electronic publication of this title. Text transcribed by Apex Data Services, Inc. Images scanned by Don Chalfant Text encoded by Apex Data Services, Inc. and Melissa Meeks First edition, 2003 ca. 180K Academic Affairs Library, UNC-CH University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2003.

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 Report and Recommendations of the Commission to Study Public Schools and Colleges for Colored People in North Carolina: Authorized by the General Assembly in Resolution no. 28, March 10, 1937, and Appointed by Governor Clyde R. Hoey Commission to Study Public Schools and Colleges for Colored People in North Carolina 62 p. Raleigh, North Carolina [s. n.] [1938] Call number Cp 379 N87c (North Carolina Collection, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)

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 Library of Congress Subject Headings English Education -- North Carolina. African Americans -- Education -- North Carolina. African Americans -- Education, Higher -- North Carolina. African Americans -- Vocational education -- North Carolina. Education, Higher -- North Carolina. Vocational education--North Carolina. African American universities and colleges -- North Carolina. African American teachers -- Training of. Public schools --North Carolina --Evaluation. 2003-04-09, Celine Noel and Wanda Gunther revised TEIHeader and created catalog record for the electronic edition. 2003-01-10, Melissa Meeks, finished TEI-conformant encoding and final proofing. 2002-05-08, Don Chalfant finished TEI/SGML encoding 2002-02-01, Apex Data Services, Inc. finished transcribing the text.

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 REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE COMMISSION TO STUDY PUBLIC SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES FOR COLORED PEOPLE IN NORTH CAROLINA AUTHORIZED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY IN RESOLUTION NO. 28, MARCH 10, 1937, AND APPOINTED BY GOVERNOR CLYDE R. HOEY. STATE CAPITOL RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA TABLE OF CONTENTS Letter of Transmittal . . . . . 4 Introduction . . . . . 5 Chapter I. North Carolina State Standards—Achievements in Public Education. . . . . 7 Chapter II. Elementary and High Schools: Present Status, and Need of Improvements . . . . . 11 Chapter III. Vocational Education . . . . . 23 Chapter IV. Teachers, Their Training, Certification and Salaries. . . . . 31 Chapter V. Higher Education. . . . . 39 Chapter VI. Recommendations. . . . . 53 NOTES. 1—State Maps—Consolidation and High Schools (Refer to Chapter II). . . . . 32 2—Graph—Teachers Salaries. . . . . 37 3—Graph—Per Capita Cost Higher Education. . . . . 48 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL To His Excellency, GOVERNOR CLYDE R. HOEY, and To the Members of the General Assembly of 1939:

As members of the Commission appointed to Study the Public Schools and Colleges for Colored People in North Carolina, we have the honor and the pleasure to transmit to you herewith our Report and Recommendations.

Respectfully submitted, Senate: J. W. NOELL, Chairman J. H. McDANIEL House of Representatives: H. G. HORTON, Vice-Chairman F. H. BROOKS GEO. R. UZZELL Members of Commission. October 27, 1938. INTRODUCTION

In the study of “Public Schools and Colleges for Colored People in North Carolina,” this Commission has endeavored:

1. To find basic facts which may be regarded as standards of measurement of the several phases of public education in North Carolina.

2. To compare with these state standards the present status of the colored schools and colleges in the State.

3. To present in this report to the Governor and the General Assembly of 1939 the most accurate statistical, financial and other factual data available to us, based upon the findings under 1 and 2 above; and, to offer recommendations, which to us seem wise and proper, both for the sound development of the colored race in North Carolina, and for the good of the State as a whole.

NOTE: In presenting the data and recommendations we have tried to be as brief, concise and definite as possible, and at the same time to include a sufficient amount of material to make the subjects discussed clear and understandable.

 CHAPTER I NORTH CAROLINA STATE STANDARDS—ACHIEVEMENTS IN PUBLIC EDUCATION

In parallel columns below an effort is made to show state standards in public education for about forty items, on which comparable data are available. These data are given in column one headed “State Standards”; in column two are given comparable facts as to the present status of colored schools and colleges.

I. Elementary and High Schools.

 State StandardsColored Schools1. Length of term (days) 1936-37*163.3* 162.82. Teacher-pupil load—  a. Elementary schools32.933.1b. High schools25.627.83. Percentage of average daily membership in average daily attendance 1936-3793.590.14. Courses of study and accreditment both elementary and high schoolsIdentical 5. Consolidation—  a. No. schools to which children were transported, 1936-371,110211b. No. children transported, 1936-37269,05218,855c. No. busses used, 1936-373,705364d. Percentage of rural enrollment transported, 1936-3759.59.8NOTE—Number pupils enrolled in one-, two- and three-teacher rural schools, 1936-3743,769112,7686. School property valuation, 1936-37$99,735,904$13,121,8147. Per pupil (enrollment) value, 1936-37**158.1148.608. Total number elementary schools taught, 1936-371,9742,223NOTE—29% of population had 249 more schools than 71%, mainly in standard schools.  a. One-, two- and three-teacher schools7811,817b. Four-, five- and six-teacher schools341262c. Seven to twenty or more teachers8521449. Operation of Plant—State Funds, 1936-37, (Wages janitors, fuel, light, power, water, janitors' supplies, telephones), Per capita (student) expense$1.445$0.523

*All data include both rural and city school units unless otherwise stated.

**Johnston County: State Standards, $135.79; Colored Schools, $72.00.

10. Accredited Schools—     a. Elementary:     (1) Total elementary in 1937 566 29 (2) Percentage of children in standard elementary schools, 1935-36 53.9 6.6 (3) Percentage in city units, 1935-36 79.7 22.7 (4) Percentage in rural units, 1935-36 45.4 1.1 b. High Schools:     (1) Total accredited high schools, 1936-37 702 130 (2) Total non-accredited, 1936-37 31 79 11. Enrollment in high schools, 1936-37 145,046 31,522 12. Percentage of enrollment in high schools, 1936-37 23.1 11.7 NOTE—Graduates, 1936-37 20,462 3,386 13. Other items of State aid:     a. Libraries ($54,000 appropriation).     b. Supplementary readers in elementary grades.     c. Teaching supplies.     NOTE—No definite complete figures are available on these three items. Almost no aid, however, from a and b reaches the 1,817 small one to three teacher colored schools—more than one-third total Negro enrollment.    

II. Vocational Education.

1. Agriculture, 1937-38—     a. No. schools in which vocational agriculture was taught (all day) 310 59 b. Enrollment (all day classes) 13,848 2,166 c. Evening classes (adult) 267 93 d. Enrollment (evening classes) 7,669 1,548 e. Day unit (extension) —— 15 f. Enrollment (day units) —— 270 g. Part-time (in schools) —— 18 h. Enrollment (part-time) —— 245 i. Expenditures, vocational agriculture:     (1) Federal aid $269,272.92 $39,271.27 (2) State aid 89,751.63 6,533.00 (3) Local aid 179,515.26 19,303.21

2. Home Economics, 1937-38:     a. No. of departments 201 26 b. Enrollment 13,629 3,181 c. Expenditures—Home Economics:     (1) Federal aid $128,343.87 $18,195.90 (2) State aid 42,376.32 3,623.08 (3) Local aid 84,752.64 7,264.17 3. Trades and Industries—1937-38:     a. Number of classes or units 566 75 b. Enrollment 9,580 1,466 c. Expenditures, Trades and Industries:     (1) Federal aid $69,223.94 $12,469.96 (2) State aid 14,575.58 6,234.98 (3) Local aid 33,862.89 1,507.50

III. Teachers, Training and Salaries.

1. Average Training Index, 1937-38 771 712.6 2. Average Training Index, 1929-30 676.1 525.7 3. Salaries—State Funds, 1937-38:     a. Maximum —A-8 $990.00 $770.00 b. Median —B-6 827.00 638.00 c. Minimum —C-2 660.00 504.00

IV. Higher Education.

1. Students enrolled in State institutions, 1937-38 10,430 3,329 2. Average college enrollment per instructor employed, 1937-38 14.1 27 3. Per capita (student) cost per annum, State appropriation, 1937-38 $150.00 $73.00 4. Total capital outlay in college plants $27,998,804 $4,838,971 5. Graduate and professional instruction 1 to 3 Yrs. None 6. Institutions offering graduate and professional instruction ranging from the Master's to and including the Doctor's degree 4 None

NOTE.—Basing our judgment upon facts stated above, as well as upon statements which follow, we are strongly convinced:

1. That conditions which exist in our rural Negro schools are extremely distressing and unhappy; almost a thousand one-teacher schools, nine-hundred two- and three-teacher schools, 845 of them pronounced “bad” by competent judges of buildings; lack of consolidation, transportation, good buildings, and additional high schools.

All of these items which need large capital outlay for improvement are now the responsibility of county units. Many of these units are already burdened to the limit it seems with debt obligations. It is our settled judgment that improvement of these facilities for rural colored school children is the outstanding single development which should take place, and without too great delay.

2. That present offerings in vocational education are so limited as to numbers of pupils reached, immediately expanded programs in this field should be undertaken so as to reach many thousands of Negro children.

3. That a reduction in salary differentials would be very wise in 1939.

4. That considerably increased support should be given to state colleges for Negroes.

5. That some satisfactory plan for providing graduate and professional education should be determined by the Legislature of 1939.

 CHAPTER II ELEMENTARY AND HIGH SCHOOLS: PRESENT STATUS, AND NEED OF IMPROVEMENTS I. The Standard Rural School Pattern.

1. The standard pattern for rural schools in North Carolina is, without question, the consolidated school. People of the State have been working consistently at this problem for more than twenty years. Proof, if proof is needed, that the consolidated school is the standard pattern for rural North Carolina may, in part at least, be found in the following:

a. In 1936-37, four thousand and forty-three busses were required to transport rural children to schools. b. In the same year there were 1,286 rural schools in various stages of consolidation. c. Of this number 581 were large union (consolidated) schools with nine or more teachers. d. In that year also 286,295 children in rural districts were transported to consolidated schools. In addition, 1,693 children were transported to city units. II. Status of Colored Rural Schools as Compared with the Standard Pattern—The Consolidated Rural School.

1. A beginning has been made in consolidating rural colored schools. In 1936-37 there were:

a. 361 busses transporting rural colored children to school. b. 18,855 children were transported. c. 206 rural colored schools were in process of developing into consolidated schools. Of this number only 61 had nine or more teachers.

2. 174,050, or 90.2 percent of colored children in rural districts in 1936-37 were not transported to school.

3. Of this number 119,221 were enrolled in 1,817 one, two and three-teacher schools.

4. Of these 1,817 one, two and three-teacher schools for colored children, 845, nearly half, have been described in a state-federal survey (W. F. Credle) as “bad”. Two paragraphs quoted from this survey are as follows:

“Data in this bulletin show that a considerable number of the rural schools for colored children are small, poorly built, dilapidated, unfurnished, insanitary, and in most every way inadequate to serve modern children in an enlightened progressive commonwealth. Many of these buildings are not only unsuited for modern school purposes, but are in such a bad state of repair that they are both a menace to health and dangerous to life and limb. Moreover, in the very nature of the case it would be unwise to erect new small buildings on the sites of these old ones.”

“Under these conditions county officials now have a first-class opportunity to study and to plan for larger school units which is not only in line with the definite policy of school organization in this State, but to be able to provide a good school building, and the right kind as to size and service, for colored children, especially since so many of the old buildings must be replaced or some other definite steps taken within the next few years to provide a place for these children to attend school.”*

*Study of Local School Units in North Carolina.

5. Counties in which there were in 1936-37 ten or more small rural schools for colored children:

  One-Teacher Two- and Three-Teacher (1) Alamance 19 8 (2) Anson 14 25 (3) Bertie 15 22 (4) Bladen 29 13 (5) Caldwell 10 1 (6) Caswell 32 13 (7) Chatham 28 9 (8) Cleveland 10 15 (9) Columbus 13 17 (10) Craven 17 7 (11) Cumberland 22 22 (12) Davie 13 1 (13) Duplin 18 15 (14) Forsyth 10 9 (15) Franklin 17 18 (16) Gates 12 8 (17) Granville 24 14 (18) Halifax 16 24 (19) Harnett 16 15 (20) Iredell 12 10 (21) Jones 16 2 (22) Orange 18 9 (23) Pender 21 8 (24) Person 14 13 (25) Pitt 19 20 (26) Randolph 12 4 (27) Robeson 20 20 (28) Rockingham 16 10 (29) Rowan 23 3 (30) Rutherford 15 5 (31) Sampson 24 25 (32) Union 29 7 (33) Warren 11 25 (34) Wayne 13 17 (36) Wilkes 10 0

Caswell has thirty-two one-teacher schools; Chatham has 28; Bladen and Union have twenty-nine; six have twenty or more and twelve others fifteen or more.

6. Counties with eight or nine one-teacher rural schools for colored children:

  One-Teacher Two- and Three-Teacher (1) Gaston 9 11 (2) Lenoir 9 17 (3) Lincoln 9 5 (4) Northampton 9 24 (5) Vance 9 6 (6) Wake 9 24 (1) Beaufort 8 12 (2) Brunswick 8 12 (3) Hyde 8 6 (4) Nash 8 21 (5) Pasquotank 8 4 (6) Perquimans 8 6 (7) Stokes 8 2 (8) Wilson 8 15

7. Thirty-five other counties have from one to seven one-teacher rural schools for colored children and 219 two- and three-teacher schools.

8. In fourteen counties there were 21 one-teacher schools with fewer than ten children in average daily attendance, 27 counties with 44 schools in which the average is 10 to 15; 72 counties with 374 districts in which daily attendance was 15 to 30; 71 counties with 245 schools in which the average daily attendance was 30 to 40; 50 counties with 143 schools in which the average daily attendance is 40 and over. Ten of the last type are in Caswell County, eleven in Halifax, nine in Robeson, six each in Cleveland, Granville, Jones, Pender, Pitt, Rowan, and five each in Union and Warren.

9. The State Department of Education upon requests from county officials has made studies—surveys of colored schools in thirty counties. Since these surveys were made and definite information and recommendations for gradual consolidation were submitted to the county boards of education considerable progress has been made in that direction. (See maps pages 32 and 33 and graphs pages 37 and 48).

10. Two counties are completely consolidated for colored schools as well as for white schools:

(1) Jonston (except one four-teacher white and one two-teacher and one four-teacher colored). (2) Alexander.

NOTE.—Two others in the west—Avery and Jackson practically in the same class of the two named above.

11. Specific data—High Schools.

a. In each of the 100 counties there is: (1) A sufficient number of high schools to serve all rural white children. (2) A reasonably adequate number of busses to transport all rural white children, who are not within walking distance, to high schools.

NOTE: The State rural high school standard is, it may be stated, an accredited high school within reach of every child who is prepared and who may attend these high schools.

 b. Rural high schools for Negro children measured by the State standard—a high school with adequate transportation for every child who lives beyond walking distance score as follows: (1) Thirty-five counties in which the number of accredited high schools for Negroes is sufficient to serve the present school population. (Figures for 1936-1937.)

TYPE I APER CENT OF POPULATION (6-12) ENROLLED, PER CENT OF ENROLLMENT IN HIGH SCHOOL, NUMBER OF VEHICLES USED, AND NUMBER OF HIGH SCHOOLS (1936-37) IN COUNTIES WHERE PER CENT ENROLLED IS 75.1 OR ABOVE. 23 COUNTIES Population (6-21) 1936-37 Total Enrollment 1936-37 Per Cent of Population Enrolled High School Enrollment 1936-37 Per Cent H. S. No. of Vehicles Used No. High Schools               Acr. Non-Acr. Alexander** 375 375 100.0% 98 26.1 5 1 —— Buncombe 4,428 3,496 78.9 736 21.0 6 1 —— Burke 1,020 878 86.8 104 11.9 2 1 —— Caswell 3,600 3,019 83.9 333 11.0 4 1 —— Currituck** 833 687 82.5 95 13.8 4 1 —— Davidson 1,843 1,476 80.1 242 16.4 6 2 —— Durham** 7,422 6,403 86.3 1,022 15.9 10 2 —— Gates 1,980 1,597 80.6 152 9.5 —— 1 —— Halifax 11,509 9,123 79.0 633 6.9 10 4 —— Hertford** 4,092 3,529 86.2 474 13.4 12 1 —— Hyde 1,215 1,061 87.3 104 9.8 3 1 —— Johnston** 4,673 4,079 87.3 367 8.9 36 3 —— Lee 1,774 1,537 86.6 202 13.1 2 1 —— Montgomery** 1,898 1,478 78.3 252 17.0 7 1 —— Moore 3,913 2,972 76.0 254 8.5 11 4 —— Nash 9,586 7,517 78.4 901 12.0 4 3 —— Pamlico 1,460 1,115 76.4 130 11.7 1 1 —— Pender 3,038 2,510 82.6 405 16.1 6 2 4* Person 2,954 2,904 98.3 317 10.9 4 1 —— Richmond 4,895 4,108 83.9 498 12.1 5 3 1* Stanley 1,260 1,036 82.2 163 15.7 4 1 2* Tyrrell 726 583 80.3 112 19.2 3 1 —— Wilkes 866 811 93.6 152 16.2 3 1 ——

*Substandard schools not needed

**Adequate transportation.

TYPE I B 12 COUNTIES Population (6-21) 1936-37 Total Enrollment 1936-37 Per Cent of Population Enrolled High School Enrollment 1936-37 Per Cent H. S. No. of Vehicles Used No. High Schools                 Acr. Non-Acr. Caldwell 1,231 673 54.7 86 12.8 2 1 —— Carteret 1,159 827 71.4 128 15.4 1 1 2* Chowan 2,132 1,504 70.5 153 10.2 2 1 —— Greene 3,691 2,700 73.1 238 8.7 5 1 —— Hoke 3,283 2,459 74.9 230 9.3 2 1 —— Martin 4,877 3,623 74.3 185 5.1 —— 2 —— New Hanover** 6,164 3,904 63.3 675 17.3 4 1 —— Onslow 2,157 1,515 70.2 172 11.3 2 1 —— Pasquotank 3,164 2,174 68.7 302 13.9 —— 1 —— Perquimans 2,004 1,466 73.2 204 14.0 3 2 —— Randolph 1,543 1,144 74.1 113 9.9 6 1 —— Warren** 6,734 4,927 73.2 714 14.5 16 2 ——

*Substandard schools not needed.

**Adequate transportation for high school children.

NOTES.—It will be observed:

a. That eight counties had adequate transportation for high school children—Alexander, Currituck, Durham, Hertford, Johnston, Montgomery, New Hanover and Warren.

b. That twenty-four counties had some transportation for high school children, but not adequate.

c. That three counties did not have any bus transportation—Gates, Martin and Pasquotank.

(2) Forty-eight counties in which the number of accredited high schools is not sufficient to serve the population as distributed at present (Figures for 1936-37).

TYPE II A PER CENT OF POPULATION ENROLLED, PER CENT OF ENROLLMENT IN HIGH SCHOOLS, NUMBER OF VEHICLES, AND NUMBER OF HIGH SCHOOLS IN COUNTIES WHERE PER CENT ENROLLED IS 75.1 OR HIGHER. 38 COUNTIES Population (6-21) Total Enrollment 1936-37 Per Cent Population Enrolled High School Enrollment 1936-37 Per Cent in H. S. No. Vehicles Used No. High Schools No. 4-yr. Schools Needed               Acr. Non-Acr.   Anson 5,721 5,009 88.0 503 10.0 2 1 2 5 Bladen 3,364 3,133 93.1 410 13.1 7 2 1 3 Beaufort 4,341 3,419 78.8 304 8.9 4 2 1 3 Bertie 6,140 4,724 76.9 444 9.4 5 2 1 3 Brunswick 2,194 1,716 78.2 139 8.1 1 1 —— 2 Cabarrus 2,790 2,368 85.2 258 10.9 3 1 1 2 Camden 856 688 80.4 28 4.1 —— 1 —— 1 Catawba 1,700 1,522 89.5 265 17.4 4 2 1 3

38 COUNTIES Population (6-21) Total Enrollment 1936-37 Per Cent Population Enrolled High School Enrollment 1936-37 Per Cent in H. S. No. Vehicles Used No. High Schools No. 4-yr. Schools Needed               Acr. Non-Acr.   Chatham 3,065 2,651 86.5 350 13.2 2 2 1 3 Cleveland 5,023 4,518 89.9 314 6.9 —— 3 —— 4 Cumberland 5,977 4,736 79.2 453 9.6 2 2 —— 3 Davie 662 618 93.3 57 9.2 —— —— 1 1 Duplin 5,298 4,321 81.6 593 13.7 3 3 4 Survey Forsyth 8,367 7,303 87.3 1,390 19.0 5 1 —— 2 Franklin 5,069 4,324 85.3 429 9.9 8 2 2 Survey Granville 5,049 4,502 89.2 423 9.4 —— 1 1 Survey Guilford** 8,669 7,729 89.2 1,622 21.0 19 3 1 Survey Harnett 4,558 3,663 83.6 432 11.8 12 2 1 Survey Henderson 596 494 83.0 66 13.3 4 —— 1 1 Iredell 2,713 2,454 90.4 248 10.1 8 1 2 1 Jones 1,940 1,592 82.1 187 9.0 3 1 1 2 Lenoir 5,944 4,645 78.1 420 9.0 —— 2 —— Survey Lincoln 1,284 982 76.5 43 4.4 —— —— 1 1 Mecklenburg 11,871 9,044 76.2 1,004 11.1 4 1 2 Survey Northampton 7,403 5,771 77.9 570 9.9 —— 3 1 Survey Orange 2,301 2,041 88.7 201 9.8 —— 1 1 2 Pitt 9,796 7,875 80.4 511 6.5 —— 2 3 5 Robeson 9,009 8,304 92.2 906 10.9 6 5 1 Survey Rockingham 4,819 3,865 80.2 585 15.1 4 2 1 3 Rowan 3,780 3,290 87.0 496 15.1 1 2 1 3 Rutherford 2,201 1,811 82.3 232 12.8 2 1 1 2 Sampson 5,606 4,484 80.0 459 10.2 —— 1 2 Survey Scotland 3,900 3,267 83.3 282 8.6 —— 1 —— Survey Surry 1,061 863 81.3 90 10.4 —— —— 1 1 Union 3,727 2,802 75.2 130 4.6 —— 1 —— 3 Wake** 12,632 10,130 81.9 1,466 14.5 18 5 1 6 Washington 2,041 1,611 78.9 187 11.5 —— 1 1 2 Wayne 7,685 6,252 81.3 847 13.5 7 3 1 4

**Adequate transportation for high school children.

TYPE II B SAME AS ABOVE FOR COUNTIES IN WHICH PER CENT ENROLLED IS 75.0 OR LOWER. 10 COUNTIES Population (6-21) Total Enrollment 1936-37 Per Cent Population Enrolled High School Enrollment 1936-37 Per Cent in H. S. No. Vehicles Used No. High Schools No. 4-yr. Schools Needed               Acr. Non-Acr.   Alamance 4,124 2,786 67.5 352 12.6 4 3 1 Survey Columbus 5,029 3,763 74.8 513 13.6 5 4 2 Survey Craven 5,230 3,703 70.8 373 10.0 8 1 1 3 Edgecombe 9,640 6,217 64.6 343 5.6 1 2 —— 4 Gaston 4,881 3,529 72.3 541 15.3 7 3 1 4 McDowell 694 472 68.0 59 12.5 —— —— 1 1 Polk 658 477 72.5 57 11.9 —— —— 1 1 Stokes 834 601 72.1 —— 0.0 1 —— —— 1 Vance 5,634 3,389 60.1 353 10.4 6 1 —— Survey Wilson 7,736 5,567 71.8 289 5.2 —— 1 —— Survey

NOTE.—Attention is invited to the following facts in the data about 48 counties as outlined above:

(a) That Guilford and Wake had adequate transportation for high school children.

(b) Seven counties did not have in 1936-1937 an accredited high school for Negroes. These are: Davie, Henderson, Lincoln, Surry, McDowell, Polk, and Stokes.

(c) Seventeen counties did not provide any transportation: Camden, Cleveland, Davie, Granville, Lenoir, Lincoln, Northampton, Orange, Pitt, Sampson, Scotland, Surry, Union, McDowell, Polk, Washington and Wilson.

(d) In the 48 counties there were 79 accredited high schools, but on the basis of population there should be at least 130, or an addition of 51.

(e) There were only 162 busses in this entire area covering approximately one-half of the State. Most of these busses were probably used to transport high school children. An average of three or four additional busses per county would provide reasonably adequate transportation for high school children.

NOTE 2.—Since 1936-1937 many of the 83 counties listed in preceding pages have added busses for colored children. The total number has increased from 364 (see page 7) to 445.

(3) Sixteen counties in Western North Carolina in which colored school populations are exceedingly small, almost no provision for high school training is made in any of these counties.

DATA 1935-1936 COUNTY School Population Ages 6-21 Average Daily Attendance Total     Grades 1-6 Grade 7 High School   Alleghany 88 66 3 —— 69 Ashe 156 116 —— —— 116 Avery 78 46 3 10 59 Cherokee 125 70 4 —— 74 Clay 24 14 1 —— 15 Graham none none none none none Haywood 258 123 26 21 170 Jackson 227 117 9 24 150 Macon 214 107 8 —— 115 Madison 67 35 12 —— 47 Mitchell 10 9 —— —— 9 Swain 40 35 2 —— 37 Transylvania 252 109 26 11 146 Watauga 62 57 —— —— 57 Yadkin 312 195 47 —— 242 Yancey 56 38 5 —— 43 Totals 1,969 1,137 145 66 1,348

In 1935-1936 it appears there were 66 pupils in these counties enrolled in high schools of one grade or another, and 145 in the seventh grade, a total of 211 apparently who were qualified to enter high school in 1936-1937 and in 1937-1938. Many appeals from parents