The State of North Carolina is bounded on the north by Virginia, east by the Atlantic Ocean, south by South Carolina and Georgia and west by Tennessee. It is included nearly between the parallels 34° and 36½° north latitude, and between the meridians 75½° and 84½° west longitude.

The extreme length of the State from east to west is 503¼ miles; its average breath is 100 miles; its extreme breadth is 187½ miles. Its area embraces 52,286 square miles, of which 48,666 is land, and 3,620 is water.

Its topography may be best conceived by picturing to the mind's eye the surface of the State as a vast declivity, sloping down from the summits of the Smoky Mountains, an altitude of nearly 7,000 feet, to the level of the Atlantic Ocean. The Smoky Mountains constitute a part of the great Appalachian chain, which here attains its greatest height; the greatest, indeed, in the United States, east of the Rocky Mountains. This slope is made up of three wide extended terraces—if that term may be allowed; the first a high mountain plateau—distinguished as the Western or Mountain Section; the second, a sub-montane plateau, distinguished as the Middle Section, or the Piedmont Plateau region; the third, the Atlantic plain, distinguished as the Low Country or the Coastal Plain region, and that part from the head of the tides downward as the Tide-water Section. From the first to the second section there is a sharp descent through a few

The forests of North Carolina have for many years been one of the chief resources of revenue to the people of the State, the value of their products, including domestic fuel, timber for construction and such forest by-products as turpentine and its derivatives, amounting in 1893 at least to $25,000,000, and probably much exceeding that amount in the year ending March 1st, 1896. The forests in their original distribution extended compact and unbroken throughout the length and breadth of the State, with the exception of unimportant savannas in the eastern section, covered with coarse grasses and sedges, and isolated mountain summits in the extreme western counties, which, bare of trees and shrubs, produced a close turf of vigorous and hardy but tender grasses; and at the present time, after the encroachment of field and pasture for over a century, nearly two-thirds of the area of the State is still under forest cover.

The forests, which extend from the sea level in the eastern and southeastern sections to altitudes of 6,600 feet along the State's western borders, where the Appalachian upheavals reach their culmination, are made up of more or less distinctly marked regions having different kinds of trees, the different growth being due to the changes of temperature as the elevation varies and to the succession of different soils. There are three of these regions most clearly marked: the Coastal Plain with upland forests chiefly of pines; the Piedmont Plateau with forests of pine mixed with hardwoods, or belts of hardwoods with pine, alternating with belts of hardwoods without pines; and the Mountain, the forests of which lying above 2,000 feet elevation are destitute of pine.

The coastal forest region, in extent nearly coincident with the Coastal Plain and embracing about three-eights of the area of the State, lies east of a line drawn from Weldon to Raleigh, and from Raleigh to Wadesboro, the line being nearly southwest in direction and almost parallel with the Atlantic Coast Line. Its surface is undulating along the seaboard where it is usually raised only slightly above high water mark, ten to forty feet, and where there are numerous and extensive swamps; but it becomes rolling and even hilly adjacent to the water course along its western limits, where altitudes of 500 to 600 feet are encountered. The upland soils of this region are sandy loams, rarely stiff, moderately fine and even grained. To the north of the Neuse river loams and loose loams are the more frequent upland soils and the growth is loblolly pine (North Carolina pine*

* Lumbermen's name.

The Piedmont forest region, which extends westward from the Coastal region to the foot of the Blue Ridge has a surface varying from gently rolling to rugged and broken near the larger streams, along most of which are narrow strips of alluvium. The upland soils vary from sandy and loose loams, superficially so at any rate, to stiff and rarely clayey loams, and are characterized by forests of hardwoods, particularly of oaks, hickories and dogwood, mixed with the short-leaf pine. There are occasional belts of hardwoods containing no pine, as the one which passes through Orange, Alamance, Granville and Person counties; the belt of magnificent oaks and hickories passing from Greensboro southwest to Charlotte; and the similar belts in the western parts of Lincoln and Catawba counties. In a few places, as in the southern parts of Union county and in parts of Durham county, there is much more pine than oak in the forest, the post oak, black-jack and Spanish oaks of the original growth forming a lower story beneath the pines.

The Mountain forest region has a topography that is broken and rugged, most of its area lying within the Appalachian plateau, the eastern boundary of which is the Blue Ridge. The valleys are generally narrow, circumscribed, and largely under cultivation. Most of the forest lands lie on the mountain slopes, where up to the present, but little land has been cleared for cultivation. The forests are largely of hardwoods; red, chestnut and white oaks, yellow poplar and chestnut all of which on the lower mountain slopes reach the largest size that these trees attain in the United States, and with these, particularly on the north slopes and at higher elevations, are lindens (the northern basswood or whitewood,) birches, hard and soft maples, beech, ash and wild cherry. On cold north slopes there are forests of hemlock, and on many of the mountains above an elevation of 4,000 feet compact forests of spruce and fir are found. On the lower hills of the river basins, and especially on those lying near the Blue Ridge, white pine is found which is now being utilized for shingles and building material and more largely for box boards. No yellow pine occurs on the mountains although, south of the French Broad river, it grows along the river hills and is used to a considerable extent for lumber and in construction.

The richness of the sylva of North Carolina, almost unequalled in the variety of hardwoods and conifers by that of any other region in temperate climates having an equal area, is unapproached by that of any other State or Territory. The great variety of soils and climate has brought together trees from all parts of eastern America so that 24 kinds of oaks are to be found in the State, which is three more than occur in any state to the north of this one, and two more than are to be found in any state to the south of this one; of the nine kinds of hickories known to occur in the United States, eight are to be found in North Carolina; here are all six maples of the eastern United States, all the lindens, all six of the American magnolias, three of the birches, eight pines out of eleven, both species of hemlock and balsam-fir, three elms out of five, six arborescent species of plumb and cherry and three of pyrus (apple).

In the eastern, and particularly in the sontheastern part of the State, at the mouth of the Cape Fear river, the warm air, seldom below freezing, enables numerous trees which extend farther south, to Florida, Texas and even Mexico, to here make their northern limits, or to extend but little farther to the northward. This is the case with the palmetto, prickly ash, American olive (devil wood), mock orange and live oak, trees which, in this State, occur only along and near the coast, but extend southward to Florida or to Texas. The bleak and exposed mountain summits, on the other hand, bear forests of trees which there find their southern limit, but extend northward through northern New York and New England to Canada. Such trees are the black spruce (he balsam), striped and spiked maples, mountain sumac, which is really an apple, balsam-fir and aspen, all, unless sheltered by other trees or by the slopes of the mountain above them, rugged and dwarfed from the cold and constant winds to which they are exposed.

Between these extremes, lie the commercial forests trees nurtured under no such adverse conditions. Some of these trees have wide distribution to the north of this State or to the south of it, or in both directions, and some of them are restricted in their distribution to North Carolina or to the region around the southern Appalachian mountains. In the coastal region, the pond pine, the great tupelo, barren willow oak, fork-leafed black-jack, over-cup and laurel oaks, are trees which extend farther to the south. The same is true of the long-leaf and loblolly (North Carolina) pines, the first of which trees can be worked for turpentine longer in this than any other State, and the later forms here more compact forests and reaches a larger size than elsewhere. The southwestern red oak and water bitter-nut hickory (rice field hickory), trees common in the lower Mississippi valley, occur sparingly in this State. The mossy cup, yellow and shingle oaks, white linden and big shag-bark hickory, prominent trees of the central states, extend as far to the southeast as central North Carolina; while trees of the north, like the hemlock, sugar or hard maple, northern red oak, cherry birch and white pine and of the northeast, like the pignut hickory, chestnut, northern pitch pine and balsam enter more or less largely into the composition of the forests of the western parts of the State.

Many trees of wide distribution, and among them some of the most valuable, extend from the State in all directions, the white, post, black, scarlet and Spanish oaks, the red and white maples, the white hickory and brown-heart and shag-bark hickories, short-leaf pine, yellow poplar, red cedar, black cherry and black walnut. The cypress, water and willow oaks, downy poplar, swamp-white oak (Q. Michauxii, Nutt.) southern elm, and planer tree are trees having a great range to the south and southwest. A few trees are found only in this State, or extend but a short distance beyond its boundaries, the yellow-wood, the large-leaved umbrella tree, the Carolina he lock, the clammy locust, the last being entirely confined to this State.

The flora of any region includes all the indigenous or native plants, and such foreign species as have been introduced and show their ability to maintain themselves without cultivation. A flora includes flowering or phaenogamous plants as well as flowerless or cryptogamous plants, but only such as grow wild. The specific constitution of a flora depends firstly upon the climate, and secondly upon the geology of a district. A third modifying force is composed of numerous smaller factors of less importance than either of the above; but which in the aggregate amount to a very considerable influence. Among such factors we may enumerate the following:

The native living things belonging to a given region are called its Fauna and Flora, the former including all animals and the latter all plants. It is the Fauna of North Carolina that will now be briefly considered.

Many of the varieties of precious stones or gems of commerce are found in this State, and have been searched for in spasmodic exploration for a number of years. The accidental discovery some fifteen years ago of emerald and hiddenite in Alexander county, where gem mining on a considerable scale was conducted for several years, may be considered the beginning of this industry. The indications rarely justify the expenditure of much capital, and the existing conditions barely justify the rating as an industry. Yet it is a source of revenue to a few persons who wash the gravel or gouge out the crystals from the mother rock.

The largest plant operated for gems exclusively was that in Alexander county, where emerald, hiddenite, beryl, rarely terminated rutile, and exquisite shades of garnets were found; and next to this should be mentioned Corundum Hill in Macon county, where rubies, sapphires, beryls and garnets are gathered incidentally in washing corundum for the markets. Again, garnets, beryls, rubies, sapphires, hyacinth, emerald, citrine topaz, amethyst and rare quartz gems are taken incidentally in McDowell county, on the property of the Marion Improvement Company, under the skillful management of Col. H. C. Demming, of Harrisburg, Pa. And in a desultory way, in Mitchell, Yancy, Macon, Buncombe, McDowell, Burke, Alexander, Iredell, Lincoln and other counties various gem stones are gathered and sold to local and foreign dealers.

DIAMOND.—There is recorded the finding of thirteen small diamonds in the State. Seven of these are credited to the auriferous gravel beds of Burke, McDowell and Rutherford counties centering about the Brindletown region. The largest one of these weighed four and one-third carats, and was found in McDowell county. The remaining six are credited to the following counties: Lincoln 1; Mecklenburg 2; Franklin 2; Richmond 1. There is but small indication that diamonds may be found with more frequency in the future, yet the forest clad hills may one day give to the diamond hunter rewards little dreamed of now.

HIDDENITE.—This is an emerald-green variety of spodumene, found only in Alexander county, when it occurs sparsely in the soil and gneissoid rock, along with emerald, monazite, rutile, allanite, dolomite and quartz crystals of generally smoky color and rare modifications. At one time a considerable amount of mining was done by the Emerald and Hiddenite Mining Company in search of these gems, and with gratifying success, as crystals of hiddenite and chrome-green beryl of exceptional size and conspicuous beauty were obtained.

Hiddenite was named after Mr. W. E. Hidden, of New Jersey (a mineralogist of note who has done much valuable work in this State), by Prof. J. Laurence Smith, who identified the mineral. To

Building materials are quite widely distributed in middle and western North Carolina, though all the better grades of building stones are to be found in the middle counties, or the Piedmont Plateau region. Roughly speaking, the State may be divided into a series of geologic belts, extending in a general northeast and southwest direction. Three of these belts may be said to carry most of the stone of economic importance.

Sandstone belts, one of which includes the brown stone of Anson, Moore, Chatham, Wake, Durham and Orange counties; and the other includes the brownstones of Stokes and Rockingham.

The eastern granites and gneisses, including the gneiss of Vance and Wake counties, the granites of Franklin, Granville and Warren, and the smaller areas of granite in Wilson, Edgecombe, Richmond and Anson.

The Piedmont granite belt, which consists of the granitic and syenitic rocks of Person, Caswell, Alamance, Guilford, Forsyth, Davie, Davidson, Rowan, Iredell, Cabarrus, Mecklenburg and Gaston counties.

The gneisses and granites west of this Piedmont Granite belt, but still within the limits of the Piedmont Plateau region, are somewhat isolated. The ordinary rocks of the country are gneiss, which at intervals are sufficiently granitic in character to permit of their being used for building purposes, and at intervals throughout this area, as at Mt. Airy, considerable masses of typical granitic material are found. In the Mountain region, the rocks are generally gneissic in character, but in many places, as about Hendersonville, at Troy's quarries, this gneiss proves valuable for architectural purposes, and at a number of places, notably at Stone mountain, in Wilkes county; in the neighborhood of Hickory Nut Gap; and on the French Broad river below Asheville, there are masses of true granite surrounded by gneisses.

The browstones are largely limited to the eastern sandstone belt, which extends from Oxford, in Granville county, in a southwesterly

The question of good roads has occupied the attention of the people of the State for about ten years, but has only recently taken sufficient hold upon the public mind as to show itself in good works. The question is of vital importance to the farmer and trucker, and indeed to every industry. Ample provision is now made by law, so that any county or township may begin the permanent improvement of its roads. In addition there are many special acts of the last few sessions of the Legislature for separate counties. These vary in their details, but in nearly every case they retain in part the requirement that able-bodied citizens shall be liable for labor on the public roads for a limited number of days, and with this they combine provision for a varying rate of taxation for road purposes. In a few of the counties the money necessary for the new road work is paid out of the general county fund. In a few cases the old labor system has been abolished entirely, and the roads are being worked by taxation alone. In nearly all of the counties convict labor is employed in the road improvement, and in the majority of cases a limited amount of improved machinery and implements have been purchased and are being used in the work. The construction of stone roads has been undertaken in Mecklenburg, Wake, Alamance, Cabarrus, and to a lesser extent in Forsyth, Rowan and Durham counties. Buncombe has purchased a complete outfit of machinery, and has begun to macadamize. The work in other counties has thus far been limited

In the saline waters of North Carolina abound oysters, clams, scallops, crabs, shrimp, and diamond-back terrapin, in perfection of flavor. In commercial importance the oyster is of far greater value than all the others combined, and will be treated accordingly in what follows.

The abundance in which oysters were found along the Atlantic coast of the United States, and their superior excellence, made them at once, upon the settlement of the country along the waters which provided them, an article both of subsistence and luxury. With the increase of interior population and the provision of quick and ready means of transportation, the use of them was enormously enlarged, and the distribution of them, in all the forms of use, became co-extensive with the American continent, and was not confined to that broad area, for Europe, in the diminution of its own supplies, and also in its recognition of the superiority of the American oyster, has been for a number of years a large consumer. The consequence is the depletion of many grounds once regarded as inexhaustible, the diminution in other waters where diminution seemed impossible, followed by the assertion of local rights, attempts at the exclusion of invading trespassers, contention, bloodshed; finally legislative action and the effort to define rights by law, with power to assert and secure them by force; and all this made necessary because human nature knows no moderation in the use of the abundant free gifts of Providence, or in the attainment of that which leads to competency or wealth.

The attempt to retrace the steps of past waste and neglect is what invariably follows in locking the stable door after the horse has gone—vain regrets and fruitless self-reproach. All the deep research of science, all the costly experiments of artificial breeding, all the labor of planting new territory of waters, will not bring back to Connecticut, New York, Maryland and Virginia the store they wasted and the abundance they so universally squandered.

It happens that there remains one treasure-house not yet plundered, one great water granary whose doors are not yet thrown wide open. North Carolina, overlooked and despised in the Eldorado of the Chesapeake, now, when the glories of the latter are fading, is found to possess what, with prudence, patience, legislative wisdom and local self-control, may be converted into a field quite as prolific as the once teeming oyster waters of Maryland and Virginia. Its sounds, its bays and its creeks, extending along the coast for hundreds of miles, give promise of natural conditions that will assure in time as large a product as ever existed in other waters. Some of these North Carolina waters are too much freshened by the influx of fresh-water rivers to have been the habitat of the native oyster, or to be made available as beds for artificial culture; but in all the other waters which exist in the largest proportion, to which the salt waters of the ocean have ready access, the native oyster has always been found, and of great excellence. In the depletion of the oyster grounds of the Chesapeake and other waters, the enterprise of the oystermen of those localities was on the alert to save their industries from ruin, and the invasion of the North Carolina waters was rewarded with the discovery of a large relatively untried area. To check what threatened to effect here what had been done elsewhere, and to secure the people of North Carolina in the possession of their rights, the aid of legislation was earnestly invoked.

One of the first decisive steps taken was the enactment of a law, ratified March 11, 1885, directing the State Board of Agriculture to cause a survey to be made, both of natural oyster-beds and private oyster gardens, with reference to the culture of shellfish. Under the act, the Governor was requested to ask the Federal Government to detail some person in the public service, expert in such matters, to make the necessary surveys. In compliance with the request Lieut. Francis Winslow, U. S. N., was detailed. He has made two reports, extracts from which are here made.

In his first report he says the waters subject to the jurisdiction of North Carolina, consist mainly of twelve sounds, extending along the coast and connected with each other from the Virginia line in Lat. 36° 33' W. to the Cape Fear river in Lat. 34° 53' W. These sounds are Currituck, Albemarle, Roanoke, Croatan, Pamlico, Core, Bogue, Stump, Topsail, Middle, Masonboro and Myrtle, and four estuaries known as Bogue, Bear, Brown and New inlets. The harbor of Beaufort and the mouth of the Cape Fear river form other inlets. Some of these sounds, such as Albemarle and Currituck, being principally fresh water, are excluded from the consideration of oyster culture. Albemarle Sound receives the waters of several large rivers, and contains within its own limits 5,631,400,000 tons of fresh water. The other waters are all suitable to the growth of the oyster in its native beds, or for its propagation by planting, Lieutenant Winslow says in his second report:

‘Since the survey has been in progress, knowledge of the possibilities of the locality and of the business has become diffused among the citizens, not only of North Carolina, but of other States, and the effect has been to induce a large number of people to enter grounds. In Dare county, forty-three entries have been made, comprising at least twenty-six thousand acres. In Hyde county, three hundred and thirty-nine entries have been made comprising fully twenty-six thousand acres; and in Carteret County, ninety entries, comprising nine hundred acres. Of these entries sixty-eight are by residents of other States, and four hundred and four by residents of North Carolina. Entries are still being made and warrants for surveys are still coming in, and in the course of another year it is quite possible that the territory may be doubled. But, as it is, an aggregate of fifty-three thousand acres entered is a sufficiently gratifying indication of the value of the survey and of the legislation it brought about.

The cultivation of this immense tract will require a great deal of time, money and labor. Thousands of people must be employed and hundreds of thousands of dollars spent. But every dollar so expended goes to increase the material wealth of the State, and the employment of every man insures additional comforts and conveniencies to the families of the citizens of the seaboard counties. It is with pleasure that I have noted that one of the first, if not the first, to venture in this new field, is a citizen of Hyde county, who is reported to have abandoned a profitable lumber business for the purpose of engaging in oyster growing, and who has, I understand, the intention of making as his original outlay a sum about equal to the total value, prior to 1886, of the whole oyster industry of the State.

The natural beds have not only been defined and located, but under the recent law much additional area adjacent to them has been set apart and excepted from entry. These areas are the public grounds, and by law they include the natural beds and sufficient area adjacent and surrounding them, to provide for their natural expansion. The provision for allowance for natural expansion has been liberally construed, as will be seen by the following summary of the areas of the natural beds and public grounds:

County. Area Public Grounds. Area Natural Beds. Dare . . . . . 4,604.16 2,118.25 Hyde . . . . . 6,891.94 1,642.90 Pamlico . . . . . 4,495.61 437.00 Carteret . . . . . 4,561.40 1,012.50 Total . . . . . 20,553.11 5,210.65

Or the area of the public grounds exceeds that of the natural beds by 15,343 acres. The natural beds of that portion of the State not under the operation of the new law comprise 3,381 acres; or the total acreage of natural beds is 8,591.

The area reserved for the common fishery is thus ample for all time to come, and as these areas are excepted from entry, and as they include the natural beds, not only is an entry or appropriation of a natural bed prevented, but no person can, practically, enter near a natural bed. At the same time, as the grounds open to the general fishery are defined and known, the private cultivator is free from depredation under guise of the exercise of the common right of fishery. Thus the source of complaint of all classes interested is removed.

The area entered will bring into the State Treasury over $12,000, a net gain over the entire expenses of over $7,000, and the taxes that eventually accrue to the counties and State may amount in the course of a comparatively few years to fully $10,000 per annum.”

Legislation is now ample, if enforced, to protect and promote the oyster interests of the State. It is unlawful to use any instrument but hand-tongs to take oysters from State grounds, violation of which is indictable as a misdemeanor. Only residents of the State are permitted to use instruments or boats upon State grounds; and non residents, upon conviction of violation of this provision, are to be fined not less than $500, or be confined in the county jail, to be hired out by the Commissioners of the county for a term not less than one year. Residents must obtain a license for the use of boats, and individuals desiring to catch oysters, whether on their own account or that of employers, must take out from the Clerk of the Court an annual license, paying for the same $2.50 and a Clerk's fee of twenty-five cents, and must make oath that he has been a bona fide resident of the State for twelve months next preceding the application for license. Oysters are to be culled on the public grounds when taken, and oysters of a specified size are to be returned to the waters on the public grounds. Oysters must not be taken from the public grounds between the first day of May and the first day of October. The control of the oyster interest is placed under charge of one Chief Commissioner, to be appointed by the Governor, and to hold office; and, to enable the Commissioner to discharge his duties of visiting the grounds and repelling and capturing interlopers, a patrol boat is provided, with authority to use arms when necessary.

The oysters taken at the different points in the sounds and estuaries vary much in size, shape and flavor. The New river oysters are much prized for size and flavor, and are probably the best known abroad. But the markets of Wilmington, Newbern, Washington and other points are supplied from their various oyster grounds with a shellfish of a quality not inferior to those taken at New river. With the care in cultivation, and the protection given by law, it is only a question of time when the waters of North Carolina will yield as abundantly as the waters of the Chesapeake have done, and, in quality of the oyster, with no inferiority.

The diamond-back terrapin is found in all the coast country, a delicacy in such demand and of such value as to have become the subject of legislative protection and of artificial cultivation.

Clams abound, and are now recognized as valuable members of the family of shellfish. They are shipped in large quantities from Newbern, Morehead City, and many other points.

The same may be said of scallops, soft-shell crabs and shrimp. These delicacies are abundant and find ready sale both in local and distant markets

The geographical position of the State, occupying a common ground between the sub-tropical growth of the South and the more

The Medoc Vineyard, in Halifax county, now owned by the Messrs. Garrett, is one of the largest wine-making establishments in the State. The vineyard was originally planted with scuppernong vines exclusively by Rev. Sidney Weller. Messrs. Garrett have added largely other varieties and have increased the output. Much Scuppernong wine is still made, and it is said that five barrels have been made from a single vine. In favorable seasons the crop from this vineyard is about 175,000 gallons. Good brandy is also made. The wines from this vineyard have a high reputation all over the country.

Tokay Vineyard.—A few miles north of Fayetteville is another vineyard largely devoted to the Scuppernong for wine making, belonging to Col. Wharton J. Green. He has very complete arrangements for the manufacture and storage of wine, and the product is making a national reputation. About 100,000 gallons are produced annually. A writer in a northern journal speaking of the wines of this Tokay vineyard says: “In general characteristics they resemble the Spanish and Madeira wines, and the sweet white is not unlike the California Mission, though much more delicate in bouquet, and, when given proper age, approaches the closest to a fine old Madeira of any wine yet produced in this country. This wine will constitute a basis for a good sherry wine when made with that view, and we have seen some samples of such from these vineyards which strongly resemble old brown sherry and would do credit to any gentleman's sideboard or private cellar. Other samples again made from the Flowers, a black Scuppernong seedling, a dry wine, resemble certain red wines of Hungary, already highly esteemed in this country, and as a sweet wine, bears a close relation to the “Spanish Red.”

THE BORDEAUX VINEYARDS of Mr. James M. Pearce, near Fayetteville, are largely planted in Scuppernongs, the fruit from which is shipped to other parts of the State. There are also large vineyards of Scuppernongs near Wilmington, and near Whiteville, in Columbus county.

THE ENGADINE VINEYARDS, of Col. Hoyt, in Buncombe county, not far from Asheville, we have already noted. The Scuppernong is not grown here, as it does not do well in the mountain country, but the wines made here are of excellent quality and reputation. In the great and newly developed grape region about Southern Pines, in the Sand Hill region, no attempts of importance have been made in wine making, as the shipping of the early fruit has been too profitable to allow it. But it is likely that in the near future, the wine interest will be developed here too. This region is singularly exempt from the rot and other diseases that so annoy grape growers in other sections of the country, and this fact alone renders the culture more profitable. The exemption from disease is also another inducement for the extension of the culture of the Scuppernong and other sorts of the Vulpina species, as these seem perfectly exempt from the fungus and insect troubles that annoy growers of other species.

HAPPY VALLEY VINEYARD.—This vineyard is in Cumberland county, near Fayetteville, and is almost exclusively a Scuppernong vineyard, containing some four hundred acres. It has one vine covering a space seventy-two by eighty-four feet, illustrating very beautifully the character of the Scuppernong, and it is very productive, producing annually thirty or more bushels of grapes. Mr. G. W. Lawrence, the proprietor, is an enthusiastic advocate of the Scuppernong, both as a table and as a wine grape, his cellar being loaded with the finest bright yellow wines.

The existence in most parts of the State of abundant water-power, the abundance, value and variety of the raw material, and its proximity to favorable seats for its conversion into the manufactured fabric, and the natural aptitude of the people for mechanical industries, early made North Carolina foremost among the Southern States in the character of a manufacturing State. In iron she was usefully conspicuous during the revolutionary war. In the manufacture of textile fabrics she may be regarded as the pioneer in the south, her cotton factories antedating similar works in both Virginia and South Carolina—her factories, at the beginning of the late civil war, exceeding those of any State in the south. The war swept away

This is one of the State's most important industries; it has been, perhaps, the most stimulating in its effects upon trade and in developing the energy and enterprise of the people, especially in the towns. Indeed, it may be called the “town-building industry” of the State, amply illustrated in Durham, Winston, Reidsville, Henderson and in many other towns of less prominence, or in less degree attributable to the manufacture of tobacco. There can be no questioning the influence of this industry on the cities named, and all over the tobacco growing area of the State there are busy, thriving villages and communities which owe much to the presence of tobacco in one form or another. It has been a potent factor in building up the fortunes of the people, and will continue to be of great value to the State. As a matter of interest, the following table will show the distribution of the factories in North Carolina.

Scattered all over the State may be found great numbers of small industries, some employing steam, some water power and others worked by hand. These include the manufacture of buggies, carriages, wagons, hubs, spokes, handles, furniture, sash, doors and blinds, buckets and leather, and tanneries, grist mills, canneries, ice factories and other industries of miscellaneous character. Comparatively insignificant taken singly, but taken collectively showing an aggregate of energy and thrift wholly commendable. Without an attempt to separate or classify beyond designating the county and post office where located, the very imperfect list is appended.

COUNTY AND POST OFFICE. INDUSTRY AND OWNER OR MANAGER. Alamance . . . . . Haw River Roller Flour Mills; Granite Mfg. Co. Alamance . . . . . Burlington Harness Works; C. C. Townsend & Co. Alamance . . . . . Burlington Buggy Works; T. J. Fonville. Alamance . . . . . Burlington Roller Flour Mills; S. Ireland & Son. Alamance . . . . . Mebane Furniture; White Brothers. Alexander . . . . . Taylorsville Roller Flour Mill; U. S. Alspaugh. Alexander . . . . . Taylorsville Tannery; J. M. Matherson. Alexander . . . . . Dealsville Tannery; S. M. Deal & Sons. Alexander . . . . . Dealsville Saddle & Harness Co; J. M. Deal. Alexander . . . . . Vashti Spokes & Handles; Campbell & Williams. Anson . . . . . Wadesboro Wagon and Buggy Factory; D. L. Saylor & Son. Anson . . . . . Wadesboro Wagon Works; H. D. Pinkston. Anson . . . . . Goodman Tannery; J. C. Goodman. Anson . . . . . Cedar Hill Wagon Works; Springer & Green. Ashe . . . . . Helton Roller Flour Mill; W. E. Perkins & Bro. Ashe . . . . . Creston Wagons and Buggies; N. J. Lillard. Ashe . . . . . Jefferson Tannery; Foster Brothers. Ashe . . . . . Transon Tannery; S. M. Transou. Ashe . . . . . Treetop Tannery; G. W. Ray & Son. Ashe . . . . . Sussex Wagons, Carts, &c.; R. L. Pierce. Ashe . . . . . Grassy Creek Tannery; George Collier. Ashe . . . . . Grassy Creek Furniture; F. H. Hatch. Bertie . . . . . Aulander Wagons and Buggies; W. D. Hoggard. Bertie . . . . . Aulander Creamery; A. J. Demming & Son. Bertie . . . . . Aulander Wagons and Buggies; Louis Donaldson & Co. Bertie . . . . . Windsor Wagons and Buggies; E. S. Dail. Bertie . . . . . Kelford Wagons and Buggies; Parker & Norfleet. Bertie . . . . . Merry Hill Wagons and Buggies; Granby Cooper. Bertie . . . . . Quitsna Spoke & Lumber Co.; O. H. Perry. Bladen . . . . . Bladenboro Gem Canning Co.; W. R. Davis. Bladen . . . . . Council Station Turpentine Tools; J. P. Council. Buncombe . . . . . Asheville Ice; Asheville Ice Co. Buncombe . . . . . Asheville Roller Flour Mills; H. I. Collins. Buncombe . . . . . Biltmore Furniture; G. W. Vanderbilt. Buncombe . . . . . Biltmore Brick and Tiles; G. W. Vanderbilt. Buncombe . . . . . Candler Roller Flour Mills; J. B. Cole. Buncombe . . . . . Weaverville Tannery; W. B. Cheek. Buncombe . . . . . Weaverville Pottery Works; M. Shuford. Buncombe . . . . . Grace Creamery; W. H. Calvern. Burke . . . . . Morganton Roller Flour and Corn Mill; W. G. Hagan. Burke . . . . . Morganton Wagons and Buggies; J. H. Coffee & Bro. Burke . . . . . Morganton Tannery; W. F. Camp, Manager. Burke . . . . . Morganton Sash, Blinds, &c.; Morganton Mfg. & Trad. Co. Cabarrus . . . . . Mt. Pleasant Wagon and Buggy Works; Heintz & Lefler. Cabarrus . . . . . Concord Roller Flour Mill; Lippard & Barrier Cabarrus . . . . . Concord Tannery; G. W. Brown. Caldwell . . . . . Lenoir Roller Flour Mills; Moore & Lutz. Caldwell . . . . . Lenoir Land and Lumber Co.; Corporation. Caldwell . . . . . Lenoir Blue Ridge Furniture Co.; E. M. Winsyead. Caldwell . . . . . Lenoir Furniture; Keitz Bros. Caldwell . . . . . Lenoir Blue Ridge Spring & Mattress Co.; J. R. Widby. Caldwell . . . . . Lenoir Sash, Doors and Blinds; P. L. Baker. Caldwell . . . . . Cora Fruit Cannery; A. G. Corpening. Caldwell . . . . . Granite Roller Mills; Russell & Moore. Caswell . . . . . Milton Roller Flour Mills; W. B. Lewis. Caswell . . . . . High Towers Roller Flour Mills; J. L. Warren. Catawba . . . . . Hickory Piedmont Wagon Co.; F. J. Long. Catawba . . . . . Hickory Tannery; C. Gaither. Catawba . . . . . Hickory Tannery; A. S. Abernathy. Catawba . . . . . Hickory Roller Flour Mills; A. Y. Sigmon. Catawba . . . . . Newton Tannery; M. J. Rowe. Catawba . . . . . Newton Roller Flour Mills; Corporation. Catawba . . . . . Catawba Tannery; J. J. Smith. Catawba . . . . . Clairmont Roller Flour Mills; John Setzer. Chatham . . . . . Lockville Roller Flour Mills: John Barringer. Chatham . . . . . Bynums Roller Flour Mills; C. W. Bynum & Bro. Chatham . . . . . Gulf Roller Flour Mills; J. M. McIver. Chatham . . . . . Ore Hill Roller Flour Mills; O. T. Edwards. Cherokee . . . . . Murphy Cannery; Alfred Morgan. Cherokee . . . . . Andrews Cannery; C. M. Watson. Chowan . . . . . Edenton Lumber Mills; J. W. Branning. Clay . . . . . Hayesville Sash, Doors, Blinds, &c.; C. W. Culberson. Clay . . . . . Hayesville Tannery; J. J. Scroggs. Clay . . . . . Hayesville Tannery; Snider & Hill. Clay . . . . . Hayesville Tannery; W. E. Angle. Clay . . . . . Hayesville Tannery; A. B. Thompson. Clay . . . . . Hayesville Wagons, Buggies, &c.; G. T. Cheek. Clay . . . . . Hayesville Furniture; R. M. Webb. Clay . . . . . Hayesville Wagons & Buggies; John Palmer. Clay . . . . . Tusquittee Wagons and Carts; W. H. Poteat. Clay . . . . . Sweet Water Wagons and Carts; T. R. Griffin. Clay . . . . . Irena Wool Carding and Cleaning; W. S. Ledford Cleveland . . . . . King's Mountain. Tannery; A. T. Cansler & Rhyne. Cleveland . . . . . King's Mountain. Roller Flour Mills; W. O. Wair & Son. Cleveland . . . . . King's Mountain. Wagon Works; George Cornwell. Cleveland . . . . . Shelby Roller Flour Mills; S. Hoard. Cleveland . . . . . Shelby Roller Flour Mills; B. Blanton. Cleveland . . . . . Shelby Wagons and Buggies; J. W. Lineberger. Cleveland . . . . . Laundale Fruit Cannery; W. C. Lee. Cleveland . . . . . Sharon Fruit Cannery; J. W. Bowen. Cleveland . . . . . Lattimore Implements, &c.; W. T. Calton & Co. Cleveland . . . . . Bellwood Tannery; P. M. Knatt. Cleveland . . . . . Bellwood Tannery; W. Hoyle. Cleveland . . . . . Polkville Tannery; T. Elliott. Columbus . . . . . Hub Butters Lumber Co.; H. Butters. Craven . . . . . New Bern Ice; B. S. Guion. Craven . . . . . New Bern Lumber; Congdon & Co Craven . . . . . New Bern Lumber; Stimson & Co. Craven . . . . . New Bern Lumber; J. B. Clark. Craven . . . . . New Bern Lumber; W. B. Ellis. Craven . . . . . New Bern Lumber; J. S. Basnight. Craven . . . . . New Bern Lumber; J. L. Moody. Craven . . . . . New Bern Lumber; W. B. Blades. Craven . . . . . New Bern Roller Flour Mill; J. A. Meadows. Craven . . . . . New Bern Carriages and Buggies; H. Wingfield. Craven . . . . . New Bern Barrel Factory; Jones Manufacturing Co. Craven . . . . . New Bern Elm City Barrel Factory, B. B. Neal. Craven . . . . . New Bern Barrels, Crates, &c.; George Bishop. Craven . . . . . New Bern Castings, &c., W. J. Boyd. Craven . . . . . New Bern Shuttle Block Works; C. L. Ives. Craven . . . . . New Bern Lumber; Broadus & Ives. Craven . . . . . New Bern Lumber; S. E. Sullivan. Craven . . . . . New Bern Gaskill Mattress Co.; F. T. Patterson. Cumberland . . . . . Fayetteville Castings, &c.; J. N. Emmett. Cumberland . . . . . Fayetteville Castings, &c.; Thomas Ward. Cumberland . . . . . Fayetteville Furniture; Newberry & Son. Cumberland . . . . . Fayetteville Shuttle Blocks; L. A. Weeden. Cumberland . . . . . Fayetteville Woodenware; C. S. Taylor. Cumberland . . . . . Fayetteville Carolina Machine Mfg. Co.; Russell Bros. Cumberland . . . . . Fayetteville Ice; J. B. Starr. Cumberland . . . . . Fayetteville Oak Barrels, R. M. Nimocks. Cumberland . . . . . Fayetteville Turpentine Tools; Walter Watson. Cumberland . . . . . Fayetteville Cedar Works; A. A. McKeithan, Jr. Cumberland . . . . . Fayetteville Buggies and Wagons; A. A. McKeithan, Jr. Cumberland . . . . . Fayetteville Bent-wood Works, Coil Hoops; J. P. Denny. Cumberland . . . . . Fayetteville Cross Creek Mfg. Co. (Wood). D. Rose. Currituck . . . . . Moyock Mattresses; C. R. Van De Car. Davidson . . . . . Lexington Roller Flour Mills; Grimes Brothers. Davidson . . . . . Lexington Wagons; Rothrock Brothers. Davidson . . . . . Lexington Roller Flour Mills; M. K. Gray. Davidson . . . . . Lexington Castings, &c.; C. A. Thompson. Davidson . . . . . Lexington Sash, Doors and Blinds; Wm. Frank. Davidson . . . . . Lexington Furniture; Plummer & Gray. Davidson . . . . . Fairmount Roller Flour Mills; Smithy Spain. Davidson . . . . . Jackson Hill Tannery; J. M. Badgett. Davidson . . . . . Thomasville Roller Flour Mills; T. S. F. Lambeth. Davidson . . . . . Thomasville Coffins; Petree & Riles. Davidson . . . . . Thomasville Chairs; D. S. Westmoreland & Son. Davidson . . . . . Thomasville Furniture; J. H. Lambeth. Davidson . . . . . Tyro Shops Roller Flour Mills; Owens & Co. Davidson . . . . . Linwood Roller Flour Mill; S. Spain. Davidson . . . . . Denton Roller Flour Mill & Wool Carding. Davie . . . . . Mocksville Roller Flour Mills; Horn Bros. & Johnson. Davie . . . . . Mocksville Lumber; Denny, Owens & Co. Davie . . . . . Mocksville Copper Stills; W. A. Weant. Davie . . . . . Farmington Roller Flour Mills; A. W. Ellis. Davie . . . . . Advance Sash, Doors and Blinds; A. C. Wood. Davie . . . . . Cana Roller Flour Mills; J. W. Etchison. Davie . . . . . Cana Spokes and Handles; Green & Son. Duplin . . . . . Warsaw Crate Factory; T. B. Pierce. Duplin . . . . . Faison Crate Factory; J. W. Mallard. Durham . . . . . Durham Soap Works; Corporation. Durham . . . . . Durham Roller Covering Co.; Corporation. Durham . . . . . Durham Carriages and Buggies; Seeman & Son. Durham . . . . . Durham Carriages and Buggies; R. T, Howerton. Durham . . . . . Durham Golden Belt Bag Factory; Corporation. Durham . . . . . Durham Woodenware; Corporation. Durham . . . . . Durham Cannery; J. T. Pinnix & Co. Durham . . . . . Durham Woodenware; Lee & Wheeler. Durham . . . . . Durham Ice; W. W. Whitted. Durham . . . . . South Lowell Roller Flour Mills; Corporation. Durham . . . . . Willardsville Roller Flour Mills; Cox & Christain. Edgecombe . . . . . Tarboro Carriages and Buggies; M. L. Hussy. Edgecombe . . . . . Tarboro Carriages and Buggies; J. T. Hyatt. Edgecombe . . . . . Tarboro Chewing Gum; J. W. Powell. Edgecombe . . . . . Tarboro Creamery; C. H. King. Edgecombe . . . . . Tarboro Creamery; J. W. Powell. Edgecombe . . . . . Tarboro Creamery; L. L. Staton. Edgecombe . . . . . Rocky Mount Flag Marsh Creamery; T. H. Battle. Edgecombe . . . . . Rocky Mount Dunbar Creamery; R. H. Battle. Forsyth . . . . . Winston Tobacco Casing Machinery; Corporation. Forsyth . . . . . Winston Roller Flour Mills; D. L. Shore. Forsyth . . . . . Winston Wagons; S. W. Farrabee. Forsyth . . . . . Winston Machinery; Kesler Bros. Forsyth . . . . . Winston Wood Workers; Miller Bros. Forsyth . . . . . Winston Wagons and Carts; S. J. Nissen. Forsyth . . . . . Winston Wagons and Carts; Spaugh Bros. Forsyth . . . . . Winston Pumps; C. H. Tise. Forsyth . . . . . Winston Buggies and Coaches; J. A. White & Son. Forsyth . . . . . Winston Tiles and Brick; Winston Brick & Tile Co. Forsyth . . . . . Winston Cigarette Machines; Cigarette Machine Co. Forsyth . . . . . Salem Builders of Wood Work; Fogle Bros. Forsyth . . . . . Salem Fruit and Vegetable Cannery; C. F. Jenkins. Forsyth . . . . . Salem Broom Factory; C. F. Jenkins. Forsyth . . . . . Salem Metal Cornice W'ks; Senseman & Brickenstein. Forsyth . . . . . Salem Machinery; C. A. Hege & Co. Forsyth . . . . . Salem Carriages and Buggies; F. C. Meinung. Forsyth . . . . . Salem Chairs and Tables; Holland & Weisner. Forsyth . . . . . Salem Wagons and Carts; C. F. Nissen & Co. Forsyth . . . . . Salem Wagons and Carts; G. E. Nissen & Co. Forsyth . . . . . Salem Tobacco Boxes; Spaugh Bros. Forsyth . . . . . Salem Woodworking Machinery; J. A. Vance. Forsyth . . . . . Salem Pipes, Earthenware &c.; D. T. Crouse. Forsyth . . . . . Salem Coffins and Furniture; F. C. Vogler & Son. Forsyth . . . . . Salem Roller Flour Mill; F. & H. Fries. Forsyth . . . . . Blakely Roller Flour Mill's; Eugene A. Conrad. Forsyth . . . . . Bethania Wagon Works; W. A. Stoltz. Forsyth . . . . . Bethania Roller Flour Mills; J. F. Miller. Forsyth . . . . . Bethania Roller Flour Mills; E. T. Kapp. Forsyth . . . . . Kernersville Wood Manufacturing Co.; Lewis & Huff. Forsyth . . . . . Kernersville Cannery; Edwards & Stone. Forsyth . . . . . Kernersville Wagons and Buggies; Pendry & Phillips. Forsyth . . . . . Kernersville Tannery; I. Herner. Forsyth . . . . . Kernersville Roller Flour Mills; Wm. Helper. Forsyth . . . . . Kernersville Roller Flour Mill; H. E. Harman. Forsyth . . . . . Kernersville Wagons and Buggies; B. Y. Clark. Forsyth . . . . . Walkertown Tobacco Boxes, &c.; Leight Bros. Franklin . . . . . Laurel Creamery; J. F. Jones. Franklin . . . . . Laurel Wagons and Buggies; J. F. Jones. Gaston . . . . . Stanley Creek Cannery; R. M. Johnson. Gaston . . . . . Mt. Holly Roller Flour Mills; R. M. Jenkins. Gaston . . . . . Belmont Cannery; Hall & Stone. Gates . . . . . Gatesville Carriages and Buggies; W. H. Standin. Gates . . . . . Adair Carriages and Buggies; J. H. Brooks. Gates . . . . . Sunbury Wagons, Carts, &c.; Pierce & Speight. Guilford . . . . . Pomona Sewer Pipes, Tilings, &c.; J. Van Lindley. Guilford . . . . . Gibsonviile Sash, Doors and Blinds; W. C. Michael. Guilford . . . . . Gibsonville Roller Flour Mills; O. L. Huff. Guilford . . . . . Gibsonville Cannery; J. V. Wagoner. Guilford . . . . . Gibsonville Tannery; Thomas Overman. Guilford . . . . . Brown's Summit Doggett Roller Flour Mill; A. Hines. Guilford . . . . . Liberty Store Tannery; J. J. Busick. Guilford . . . . . Colfax Cannery; Cude Brothers Guilford . . . . . High Point Sash, Doors and Blinds; W. C. Michael. Guilford . . . . . High Point Roller Flour Mills; Teague & Horney. Guilford . . . . . High Point Sash, Doors, Blinds, &c.; R. F. Dalton. Guilford . . . . . High Point Furniture; T. F. Wrenn. Guilford . . . . . High Point Furniture; J. H. Willis. Guilford . . . . . High Point Furniture; W. H. Ragan. Guilford . . . . . High Point Furniture; J. H. Tate. Guilford . . . . . High Point Castings, &c.; O. U. Richardson. Guilford . . . . . High Point Chair Factory; J. B. Best. Guilford . . . . . High Point Mattresses and Lounges; J. C. Callum. Guilford . . . . . High Point Spokes and Handles; J. Elwood Cox. Guilford . . . . . High Point Furniture; J. P. Redding. Guilford . . . . . High Point Cannery (Fruit and Veget'ble); J. B. Best &Bro. Guilford . . . . . High Point Cotton and Fruit Baskets; W. H. Snow. Guilford . . . . . Greensboro Roller Flour Mills; North & Watson. Guilford . . . . . Greensboro Roller Flour Mills; T. J. Willis. Guilford . . . . . Greensboro Roller Flour Mills; Causey & Lewis. Guilford . . . . . Greensboro Furniture; Greensboro Furniture Company. Guilford . . . . . Greensboro Wagons, Carts, &c.; C. E. Landreth. Guilford . . . . . Greensboro Hogsheads, Boxes, &c.; R. W. Brooks. Guilford . . . . . Greensboro Mattresses, Sofas, &c.; J. C. Callum. Guilford . . . . . Greensboro Stoves, Agric'lt'ral Imp., &c.; G. Sergeant &Co. Guilford . . . . . Greensboro Steel and Iron Furnace; J. M. Worth. Guilford . . . . . Greensboro Castings, Mach'y, &c.; G. T. Glasscock & Son Guilford . . . . . Greensboro Ice; Wm. E. Worth. Guilford . . . . . Greensboro Ice; L. S. Barnes. Guilford . . . . . Greensboro Eagle Foundry and Mch. Wks.; W. J. Teague. Guilford . . . . . Greensboro Sash, Doors, Blinds &c; W. D. Mendenhall & Co. Guilford . . . . . Greensboro Southern Varnish & Paint Co.; Corporation. Guilford . . . . . Greensboro Sash, Doors, Blinds, &c.; J. R. Mendenhall & Co. Guilford . . . . . Greensboro Spokes and Wood Works; Scott & Eldridge. Guilford . . . . . Greensboro Brick and Tile; Greensboro B. & T. Co. Guilford . . . . . Greensboro Spokes and Handles; B. H. Merrimon. Guilford . . . . . Greensboro Cannery; Gilmer & Smith. Guilford . . . . . Greensboro Cannery; G. L. Anthony. Guilford . . . . . Greensboro Cannery; John Tucker. Guilford . . . . . Greensboro Carriages, Buggies, &c.; Lewis & Huff. Guilford . . . . . Greensboro Cultivators; Gilmer, Trexler & Phipps. Guilford . . . . . Greensboro Sash, Doors, Blinds, &c.; Stock Company. Guilford . . . . . Colfax Cannery; Cude Brothers. Guilford . . . . . Guilford College. Leather and Shoe Co.; S. W. H. Smith. Guilford . . . . . Guilford College. Harness and Leather; George Edgerton. Halifax . . . . . Hobgood Cannery; E. P. Hyman. Halifax . . . . . Scotland Neck Southern Sweet Gum Co.; W. H. White & Co. Halifax . . . . . Scotland Neck Buggies, &c.; J. E. Woodward. Halifax . . . . . Weldon Roanoke Corn Mill; Navigation & Water-P-Co. Halifax . . . . . Tillery North Carolina Lumber Co.; Mr. Turner. Harnett . . . . . Dunn Plows, Castings, &c.; J. A. McKoy Co. Harnett . . . . . Dunn Wagons, Carts, &c.; W. D. Thornton. Harnett . . . . . Dunn Southern Paige Mfg. Co.; A. R. Wilson. Haywood . . . . . Waynesville Wagons and Carts; McKeehan & Co. Haywood . . . . . Waynesville Spokes, Handles, Pins, &c.; B. F. Smathers. Haywood . . . . . Waynesville Barrels, Pumps, Staves, &c.; W. H. Cole. Haywood . . . . . Waynesville House Furnishing Material; C. E. Satterwait. Haywood . . . . . Waynesville Insulator Pin Factory; Hellams & Ellis. Haywood . . . . . Waynesville Cheese and Butter; A. Howell. Haywood . . . . . Waynesville Tannery; W. A. Herrin. Haywood . . . . . Clyde Roller Flour Mills; Morgan & Killiam. Henderson . . . . . Zirconia Handles, Spokes, Rims, &c.; W. T. Davis & Co. Henderson . . . . . Dana Blue Ridge Canning Co., P. T. Ward & Co. Henderson . . . . . Flat Rock Carolina Canning Co.; P. W. & R. R. Hart. Henderson . . . . . Hendersonville Sash, Doors, Blinds, &c.; T. W. Bennett & Co. Henderson . . . . . Hendersonville Tannery; Taylor & Williams. Henderson . . . . . Hendersonville Cannery; J. P. Shepard. Henderson . . . . . Horse Shoe Cannery; W. B. Ledbetter. Hertford . . . . . Murfreesboro Agricultural Machinery; F. Furguson. Hertford . . . . . Winton Buggies, Wagons, &c.; H. B. Vann. Hertford . . . . . Winton Buggies, Wagons, &c.; C. Banks & Co. Hertford . . . . . Winton Lumber; W. P. Taylor. Hertford . . . . . Union Buggies, Wagons, &c.; H. F. Duke. Hertford . . . . . Tunis Lumber; Chowan Lumber Co. Hertford . . . . . Tunis Lumber; J. A. Isham. Hyde . . . . . Fairfield Buggies and Carts; W. A. Williams. Hyde . . . . . Swan Quarter Buggies and Carts; George Hodges. Hyde . . . . . Englehard Furniture; G. T. Burrus. Iredell . . . . . Statesville Roller Flour Mill; Stimson & Co. Iredell . . . . . Statesville Buckets, Boxes, Tubs, &c.; C. L. Wagoner. Iredell . . . . . Statesville Tannery; S. A. Sharp. Iredell . . . . . Statesville Tannery; J. T. Allison. Iredell . . . . . Statesville Creamery; Dr. J. J. Mott. Iredell . . . . . Statesville Spokes, Handles, &c.; Stock Company. Iredell . . . . . Statesville Roller Flour Mills; Mott & Sullivan. Iredell . . . . . Mooresville Roller Flour Mills; Templeton, Williams & Co. Iredell . . . . . Mooresville Tannery; W. C. Patterson. Iredell . . . . . Mooresville Shoes and Harness; W. A. Wilson. Iredell . . . . . Cool Springs Garden Valley Roller Mill; Turner & Holeman Iredell . . . . . Eagle Mills Roller Flour Mills; J. E. Stimpson. Iredell . . . . . Scotts X Roads Roller Flour Mills; Morrison & Co. Iredell . . . . . Scotts Roller Flour Mill; Henry Gilbert. Iredell . . . . . Troutman's Roller Flour Mills; J. S. Troutman. Lenoir . . . . . Kinston Buggies; Ellis & Randolph. Lenoir . . . . . Kinston Buggies, Carriages, &c.; C. Randolph. Lincoln . . . . . Lincolnton Pioneer Roller Flour Mills; A. Costner. Lincoln . . . . . Lincolnton Indian Creek Roller Mills; Rudisil & Son. Lincoln . . . . . Lincolnton Castings and Implements; F. H. Turner. Lincoln . . . . . Lincolnton Fruit and Vegetable Cannery; J. T. McLain. Lincoln . . . . . Lincolnton Sash, Doors and Blinds; W. W. Motz. Lincoln . . . . . Lincolnton Furniture; William Motz. Lincoln . . . . . Lincolnton Castings; Carry & Babbington. Lincoln . . . . . Lincolnton Mica Mill; Samuel Lander. Lincoln . . . . . Lincolnton Furniture; Edward James. Lincoln . . . . . Lincolnton Roller Flour Mills; T. J. Ransom & Son. Macon . . . . . Ellijay Furniture; John Ammons. Martin . . . . . Williamston Furniture; Martin & Biggs. Martin . . . . . Everetts Lumber; Martin Lumber Co. Martin . . . . . Robersonville Buggies; Robersonville Buggy Works. Martin . . . . . Parmele Parmele-Eccleston Lumber Co. Martin . . . . . Hamilton Barrel and Hoop Factory; J. P. Boyce. Martin . . . . . Hamilton Carriages, &c.; Slade & Jones. Madison . . . . . Marshall Roller Flour Mills; W. B. Rumsey. Madison . . . . . Marshall Roller Flour Mills; J. W. Roberts. Madison . . . . . Halewood Roller Flour Mills; M. Bruce. McDowell . . . . . Marion Tannery; Blanton & Co. McDowell . . . . . Marion Furniture; D. R. Roper. McDowell . . . . . Marion Tannery; Dysart & Co. McDowell . . . . . Marion Locust Pins; J. N. McNaughton. Mecklenburg . . . . . Charlotte Machine Works; Liddell & Co. Mecklenburg . . . . . Charlotte Tompkins Machine Shop; D. A. Tompkins Co. Mecklenburg . . . . . Charlotte Mecklenburg Iron Works; John Wilkes. Mecklenburg . . . . . Charlotte Batting Works; F. Oliver, President. Mecklenburg . . . . . Charlotte Moffitt Machine Shops; J. R. Pharr. Mecklenburg . . . . . Charlotte Machine Shops; Park Manufacturing Co. Mecklenburg . . . . . Charlotte Furniture; J. A. Elliott. Mecklenburg . . . . . Charlotte Broom Company; J. Roessler, Agent. Mecklenburg . . . . . Charlotte Card Clothing; James Leslie. Mecklenburg . . . . . Charlotte Loom Reeds and Harness; Lazelle, R. & H. Co. Mecklenburg . . . . . Charlotte Leather Beltlng; J. P. Wilson. Mecklenburg . . . . . Charlotte Bagging and Ties; Margolins & Co. Mecklenburg . . . . . Charlotte Flour Mills; Julian & Thompson. Mecklenburg . . . . . Charlotte Iron Fronts and Furnaces; I. N. McCousland. Mecklenburg . . . . . Charlotte Sash, Doors and Blinds; R. E. Cochrane. Mecklenburg . . . . . Charlotte Mantels & Interior Fin.; Asbury & Finger. Mecklenburg . . . . . Charlotte Roller Covering Works; D. A. Tompkins. Mecklenburg . . . . . Charlotte Mantels & Interior Finishing; F. W. Ahrens. Mecklenburg . . . . . Charlotte Cotton Mill Machinery; D. A. Tompkins Co. Mecklenburg . . . . . Charlotte Cheese and Butter; J. M. Davis. Mecklenburg . . . . . Charlotte Candies; J. Fasnach. Mecklenburg . . . . . Charlotte Spokes, Handles and Rims; J. H. Carson. Mecklenburg . . . . . Charlotte Candies; J. W. Lewis. Mecklenburg . . . . . Charlotte Ice; A. J. Hagood. Mecklenburg . . . . . Charlotte Saddles and Harness; Shaw-Howell Harn. Co. Mecklenburg . . . . . Charlotte Wagons and Buggies; W. S. Wearn. Mecklenburg . . . . . Charlotte Brick and Drain Pipes; W. H. Houser. Mecklenburg . . . . . Charlotte Mattresses; E. M. Andrews. Mecklenburg . . . . . Charlotte Blacksmith's Bellows; J. H. Weddington. Mecklenburg . . . . . Charlotte Star Broom Factory; A Brown. Mecklenburg . . . . . Charlotte Harness and Saddles; W. E. Shaw. Mecklenburg . . . . . Hopewell Fruit Cannery; D. I. Sample. Mecklenburg . . . . . Hopwell Fruit Cannery: J. S. McElory. Mecklenburg . . . . . Bristow Fruit Cannery; W. M. Kerns. Mecklenburg . . . . . Croft Fruit Cannery; W. D. Alexander. Mecklenburg . . . . . Caldwell Roller Flour Mills; J. V. Bost. Montgomery . . . . . Troy Roller Flour Mills; J. L. Hall. Montgomery . . . . . Troy Sash, Doors and Blinds; B. C. Beckwith. Montgomery . . . . . Mt. Gilead Tannery; F. McAuley. Montgomery . . . . . Mt. Gilead Coffins and Furniture; J. A. Lisk. Montgomery . . . . . Mt. Gilead Wagons and Buggies; Mr. Blalock. Montgomery . . . . . Mt. Gilead Steam Flour Mill; F. McAuley. Montgomery . . . . . Eldorado Tannery; N. M. Thayer. Montgomery . . . . . Eldorado Shoe and Harness Co.; N. M. Thayer. Montgomery . . . . . Star Roller Flour Mills; B. L. Allen. Moore . . . . . Southern Pines Crates and Baskets; Fred Chandler. Moore . . . . . Carthage Carriages and Buggies; Tyson & Jones. Moore . . . . . Carthage Lumber; Walter Mills. Moore . . . . . West End House Builders' Supplies; W. E. Lumber Co. Moore . . . . . Sanford Sash, Doors and Blinds; J. W. Scott. Moore . . . . . Sanford Furniture; Scott & Lemon. Moore . . . . . Sanford Casting and Machines; M. M. Moffitt. Moore . . . . . Sanford Carriages and Buggies; O. M. Kelly. Moore . . . . . Aberdeen Lumber; R. N. & H. A. Page. Moore . . . . . Aberdeen Lumber; Adams & Co. Moore . . . . . Aberdeen Lumber; J. Rollins. Moore . . . . . Aberdeen Wagons, Carts, &c.; Aberdeen Mfg. Co. Moore . . . . . Aberdeen Castings and Implements; Aberdeen Foundry. Moore . . . . . Jonesboro Agr. Implements & Machinery; Kelly Bros. Moore . . . . . Jonesboro Pottery, Tiling, Drain Pipes; T. N. Campbell. Nash . . . . . Battleboro Creamery; T. B. Braswell. Nash . . . . . Rocky Mount Creamery; R. H. Ricks. New Hanover . . . . . Wilmington Broom Factory; J. P. & L. Taylor. New Hanover . . . . . Wilmington Roller Flour Mills; Boney & Harper. New Hanover . . . . . Wilmington Engines, Boilers & Agr. Machinery; H. A. Burr. New Hanover . . . . . Wilmington Creosote; Carolina Creosote Company. New Hanover . . . . . Wilmington Roller Flour Mills; W. P. Oldham. New Hanover . . . . . Wilmington Ice; Wm. E. Worth & Co. New Hanover . . . . . Wilmington Harness; Fennell Harness Co. New Hanover . . . . . Wilmington Sash, Doors and Blinds; Fore & Foster. New Hanover . . . . . Wilmington Castings and Machinery; Burr & Bailey. New Hanover . . . . . Wilmington Wood Alcohol, &c.; Imperial Pine Product Co. New Hanover . . . . . Wilmington Carriage and Wheel Works; W. P. Boney & Co. New Hanover . . . . . Wilmington National Rice Milling Co.; Norward Giles. New Hanover . . . . . Wilmington Oyster Canning Co.; T. D. Meares New Hanover . . . . . Wilmington Carriages and Buggies; P. H. Hayden. New Hanover . . . . . Wilmington Carriages and Buggies; W. T. Ketchum. New Hanover . . . . . Wilmington Lumber; Pike Lumber Co. New Hanover . . . . . Wilmington Engines, Boilers, Castings; C. M. Whitlock. New Hanover . . . . . Wilmington Lumber; Hilton Lumber Co. New Hanover . . . . . Wilmington Lumber; Peregoy Lumber Co. New Hanover . . . . . Wilmington Lumber; Kidders' Lumber Co. New Hanover . . . . . Wilmington Lumber; William Chadbourn & Co. Northampton . . . . . Woodland Carriages and Buggies; Whitty & Co. Northampton . . . . . Jackson Wagons, Carts and Buggies; Wright Bros. Northampton . . . . . Jackson Harness Factory; W. T. Picard. Orange . . . . . Hillsboro Alliance Shoe Factory; Farmers' Alliance. Orange . . . . . Hillsboro Alliance Tannery; Farmer' Alliance. Onslow . . . . . Jacksonville Wagons, Buggies, &c.; J. G. Gardner. Onslow . . . . . Jacksonville Lumber; Parmele-Eccleston Lumber Co. Pamlico . . . . . Bayboro Truck Barrels and Crates; Hooker & Sawyer. Pamlico . . . . . Stonewall Lumber; Pamlico Lumber Co. Pamlico . . . . . Oriental Lumber; Oriental Lumber Co. Pasquotank . . . . . Elizabeth City Castings and Implements; T. M. Lilliston. Pasquotank . . . . . Elizabeth City Ice; W. E. Dunston. Pasquotank . . . . . Elizabeth City Lumber, Mouldings, &c.; J. B. Blades. Pasquotank . . . . . Elizabeth City Lumber, Mouldings, &c.; John Cramer. Pasquotank . . . . . Elizabeth City Lumber, Mouldings, &c.; Wm. Straughn. Pasquotank . . . . . Elizabeth City Lumber, Mouldings, &c.; Foreman & Co. Pasquotank . . . . . Elizabeth City Lumber, Mouldings, &c.; W. W. Griffin & Co. Pasquotank . . . . . Elizabeth City Nets and Twine; F. S. Brown. Pasquotank . . . . . Elizabeth City Sash, Doors and Blinds; Thos. Commander. Pasquotank . . . . . Elizabeth City Carriages, Buggies &c.; J. F. Saunders. Pasquotank . . . . . Elizabeth City Roller Flour Mills; White & Roper. Pasquotank . . . . . Elizabeth City Roller Flour Mills; William Parlin. Pasquotank . . . . . Elizabeth City Sash, Doors & Blinds; C. E. Kramer. Perquimans . . . . . Hertford Carriages and Buggies; Toms & McMullin. Perquimans . . . . . Hertford Carriages and Buggies; W. H. Ward. Perquimans . . . . . Hertford Lumber; Fleetwood & Jackson. Perquimans . . . . . Hertfold Lumber; Major & Loomis. Perquimans . . . . . Winfall Box Lumber; Alouzo Winslow. Perquimans . . . . . Belvidere Tannery; M. White. Person . . . . . Roxboro Wagons and Buggies; R. E. Daniel & Son. Person . . . . . Roxboro Wagons and Buggies; Cheek & Co. Person . . . . . Roxboro Roller Flour Mills; I. C. Pass. Person . . . . . Roxboro Buggy Factory; C. C. & J. S. Critchner. Person . . . . . Roxboro Lake Roller Mills; J. A. Long & Co. Person . . . . . Roxboro Buggies, Wheels, Rims, &c.; O. Bullard. Person . . . . . Chublake Loche Lilly Roller Mills; Winstead & Long. Randolph . . . . . Coleridge Enterprise Roller Mills; J. A. Cole. Randolph . . . . . Ramsuer Alberta Chair Works; A. W. E. Copel. Randolph . . . . . Ashboro Wood Finishing & Lumber; C. C. McAlister. Randolph . . . . . Ashboro Roller Flour Mill; R. R. Ross. Randolph . . . . . Ashboro Wood and Iron Works; C. J. Cox. Randolph . . . . . Ashboro Furniure; P. H. Morris. Randolph . . . . . Ashboro Sash, Doors and Blinds; Guilford Mfg. Co. Randolph . . . . . Ashboro Wagons; S. W. Kivett. Randolph . . . . . Archdale Archdale Roller Mills. Randolph . . . . . Worthville Fruit Cannery; H. M. Worth. Richmond . . . . . Laurinburg Fruit & Vegetable Cennery; D. Stewart. Richmond . . . . . Rockingham Fruit & Vegetable Cannery (1); A Stewart. Richmond . . . . . Rockingham Fruit & Vegetable Cannery (2); A. Stewart. Rockingham . . . . . Pelham Roller Flour Mills; Candler & Bethel. Rockingham . . . . . Leaksville Carriages and Buggies; J. W. Harper. Rockingham . . . . . Leaksville Carriages and Buggies; Hampton & Co. Rockingham . . . . . Berry Fruit and Vegetable Cannery, Settle Bros. Rowan . . . . . Rockwell Creamery; E. B. C. Hambly. Rowan . . . . . Mill Bridge Roller Flour Mills; Harrison & Page. Rowan . . . . . Mill Bridge Creamery; J. M. Harrison. Rowan . . . . . Enochville Roller Flour Mills; C. J. Deal. Rowan . . . . . Cleveland Roller Flour Mills; P. M. Brown. Rowan . . . . . China Grove Roller Flour Mill; M. M. Ketchie. Rowan . . . . . Salisbury Roller Flour Mills; J. S. McCubbins. Rowan . . . . . Salisbury North Side Flour Mills; D. R. Julian. Rowan . . . . . Garfield Roller Flour Mills; Phillips & Pool. Rowan . . . . . South River Roller Flour Mill; J. Lindsay, Manager. Rutherford . . . . . Ayr Tannery; Frank Reynolds. Rutherford . . . . . Ellenboro Roller Flour Mill; Beam & Co. Rutherford . . . . . Rutherfordton Sash, Doors and Blinds; L. E. Powers. Rutherford . . . . . Rutherfordton Rims, Spokes and Handles; J. S. Rowland. Rutherford . . . . . Rutherfordton Roller Flour Mills; J. S. Rowland. Rutherford . . . . . Bostic Carders and Spinners; Bostic Card. & Wool Co. Sampson . . . . . Autryville Carriages and Buggies; Lewis & Co. Sampson . . . . . Clinton Crates and Butter Dishes, &c.; A. F. Johnson. Sampson . . . . . Clinton Furniture; David Clifton. Sampson . . . . . Clinton Cannery; George Smith. Sampson . . . . . Warsaw Baskets, Crates, &c.; T. P. Pierce. Stanly . . . . . Whittey Roller Flour Mills; J. S. Efird. Stanly . . . . . Big Lick Roller Flour Mills; D. E. Efird & Co. Stanly . . . . . Norwood Roller Flour Mills; M. E. Blalock. Stanly . . . . . Albemarle Wagons and Buggies; Albemarle W. & B. Co. Stanly . . . . . Millingport Roller Flour Mills; E. Eudy. Stanly . . . . . Richfield Roller Flour Mills; Ritchey Bros. Stanly . . . . . New London Sash, Doors and Blinds; James Beatty. Stokes . . . . . Dalton Wagon Works; A. H. Hargrove. Stokes . . . . . Walnut Cove Sash, Doors and Blinds; Walnut Cove Lb'r Co. Stokes . . . . . Walnut Cove Foundry; Miller & Cook. Stokes . . . . . Walnut Cove Wagons, Carts, &c.; Clodfelter & Lancaster. Stokes . . . . . Walnut Cove Roller Flour Mills; J. J. Blockham. Stokes . . . . . Walnut Cove Plows, Castings, &c.; Miller Iron Co. Stokes . . . . . Pine Hall Sash, Doors and Blinds; Capell & Binford. Stokes . . . . . Pine Hall Roller Flour Mills; L. W. Andrews. Stokes . . . . . Dillard Tobacco Boxes; R. W. Mitchell. Stokes . . . . . Germanton Roller Flour Mills; H. A. Morris. Stokes . . . . . Sandy Ridge Tobacco Boxes; S. Amos. Stokes . . . . . Sandy Ridge Tobacco Boxes; J. E. Shelton. Stokes . . . . . Sandy Ridge Wagon Works; John Hutcherson. Stokes . . . . . Sandy Ridge Roller Flour Mills; J. E. Shelton. Stokes . . . . . Sandy Ridge Tannery; J. C. Andrews. Stokes . . . . . Francisco Roller Flour Mills; R. W. George. Stokes . . . . . Slate Roller Flour Mills; John Slate & Sons. Stokes . . . . . Danbury Wagons; H. M. Joyce. Stokes . . . . . Danbury Tannery; J. F. Pepper. Stokes . . . . . Danbury Roller Flour Mill; D. W. Dodd. Surry . . . . . Elkin Lumber; Wm. Poindexter. Surry . . . . . Elkin Lumber; L. H. Carter. Surry . . . . . Elkin Castings, Plows and Potware; D. Brookshire. Surry . . . . . Elkin Shoes; Elkin Manufacturing Co. Surry . . . . . Elkin Wagons and Carts; Hubbard & Roth. Surry . . . . . Elkin Roller Flour Mills; Elkin Manufacturing Co. Surry . . . . . Elkin Furniture; Green & Gray. Surry . . . . . Boonville Buggies and Carr'g's; M. S. Woodhouse & Bro. Surry . . . . . Pilot Mountain Wagons and Carts; J. S. & S. E. Marshall. Surry . . . . . Mt. Airy Buggies, Carriages, &c.; L. H. Huff. Surry . . . . . Mt. Airy Furniture; Mt. Airy Furniture Co. Surry . . . . . Mt. Airy Roller Flour Mills; A. E. Sides. Surry . . . . . Mt. Airy Sash, Doors and Blinds; Galloway & Belton. Surry . . . . . Mt. Airy Sash, Doors and Blinds; Marshall Mill Co. Swain . . . . . Bryson City Insulator Pins, Staves, &c.; B. B. Lake. Swain . . . . . Bryson City Sash, Doors, Blinds, &c.; Coffin & McDonald. Swain . . . . . Bryson City Tannery; John Sutton. Swain . . . . . Bryson City Insulator Pins, &c.; A. B. Allison & Co. Swain . . . . . Bryson City Insulator Factory; E. Everett. Swain . . . . . Swain Tannery; H. McHan. Tyrrell . . . . . Columbia Wagons and Carts; D. A. Sampler. Union . . . . . Waxhaw Roller Flour Mills; J. D. Adams. Union . . . . . Alton Jugs and Pottery; Thomas Gay. Union . . . . . Love's Level Cannery; T. L. Love. Union . . . . . Monroe Cannery; Stock Company. Union . . . . . Monroe Sash, Doors and Blinds; J. Shute & Sons. Union . . . . . Monroe Fruit and Vegetable Cannery; Stock Co. Union . . . . . Ruben Barrels, Crates, &c.; James Moore. Vance . . . . . Henderson Wagons, Buggies, &c.; Crow & Manton. Vance . . . . . Henderson Cannery; Henderson Canning Co. Vance . . . . . Henderson Sash, Doors and Blinds; Robert Baum. Vance . . . . . Henderson Roller Flour Mills; Silas Powell. Vance . . . . . Henderson Sash, Doors and Blinds; R. Pinkston. Vance . . . . . Henderson Roller Flour Mill; J. S. Pothress. Washington . . . . . Plymouth Pine and Juniper Lumber; Plymouth Lum. Co. Washington . . . . . Roper Pine and Juniper Lumber; R. L. Roper. Washington . . . . . Scuppernong Barrels, Boxes, Crates, &c,; T. J. Basnight. Washington . . . . . Creswell Barrels, Boxes, Crates, &c.; A. Alexander. Wake . . . . . Raleigh Wagons and Carts; J. A. Mills. Wake . . . . . Raleigh Ice; Jones & Powell. Wake . . . . . Raleigh N. C. Car Company; W. E. Ashley, Supt. Wake . . . . . Raleigh Lobdell Car Wheel Works; W. E. Ashley, Supt. Wake . . . . . Raleigh Wagons and Carts; J. W. Evans. Wake . . . . . Raleigh Candies; A. D. Royster. Wake . . . . . Raleigh Engines, Boilers, Agr. Mch.; Allen & Cram. Wake . . . . . Raleigh Leather Manufacturers; E. F. Wyatt & Son. Wake . . . . . Raleigh Candies; Barbee & Pope. Wake . . . . . Raleigh Brooms & Mattresses; Institute for Blind. Wake . . . . . Raleigh Roller Flour Mills; J. A. Mills. Wake . . . . . Raleigh Ice & Refrigerator Co.; T. L. Eberhardt. Wake . . . . . Raleigh N. C. B'ldg. & Sup. Co.; Hicks, Ellington & Co. Wake . . . . . Raleigh Blank and Rec. Books; Edwards & Broughton. Wake . . . . . Raleigh Furniture; R. Roles & Son. Wake . . . . . Raleigh Wagons and Carts; W. H. Holloway. Wake . . . . . Raleigh Blank and Rec. Books; E. M. Uzzell. Wake . . . . . Raleigh Wagon Works; A. Bowen. Wake . . . . . Raleigh Foundry & Machine Shops; J. H. Gill. Wake . . . . . Raleigh Tobacco Flues; Charles Lumsdon. Wake . . . . . Raleigh Carriages and Buggies; T. B. Yancy. Wake . . . . . Raleigh Tobacco Flues; J. Lewis Hardware Co. Wake . . . . . Raleigh Printing and Wrapping Papers; J. N. Holding. Wake . . . . . Wake Forest Wire Mattresses; A. F. Purefoy. Wake . . . . . Wake Forest Agricultural Implements; W. B. Dunn & Co. Wake . . . . . Wake Forest Bed Springs; Corporation. Wake . . . . . Cary Wagons, Plows and Impl'ts; J. P. H. Adams. Wake . . . . . Rogers' Store Tannery; Louis Wilson. Warren . . . . . Warrenton Roller Flour Mill; R. D. Fleming. Warren . . . . . Warrenton Spokes and Handles; A. & W. B. Crinkley. Warren . . . . . Warrenton Carriages and Buggies; J. M. Ransom. Warren . . . . . Warrenton Carriages and Carts; W. E. Davis. Watauga . . . . . Boon Tannery; Coffee Brothers. Watauga . . . . . Boon Tannery; H. W. Hardin. Watauga . . . . . Watauga Falls Tannery; E. M. Green. Watauga . . . . . Vilas Roller Flour Mill; J. P. Council. Watauga . . . . . Most Roller Flour Mill; Horton & McBride. Wayne . . . . . Goldsboro Sash, Doors, Blinds, &c.; N. O'Berry. Wayne . . . . . Goldsboro Furniture; W. H. Borden. Wayne . . . . . Goldsboro Plows and Castings; W. H. Smith. Wayne . . . . . Goldsboro Barrels, Hoops and Lumber; F. C. Overman. Wayne . . . . . Goldsboro Agricultural Machinery; Dewey Brothers. Wayne . . . . . Goldsboro Ice; Goldsboro Ice Co. Wayne . . . . . Goldsboro Crates and Baskets; Stock Co. Wayne . . . . . Goldsboro Wagons and Buggies; Moore & Robinson. Wayne . . . . . Goldsboro Bricks and Tiles; H. L. Grant. Wayne . . . . . Goldsboro Handles; Dean, Pearson & Co. Wayne . . . . . Goldsboro Cleaning and Grinding Rice; Stock Co. Wayne . . . . . Mt. Olive Crates, Baskets, Boxes, &c.; G. W. Bridges. Wilkes . . . . . Wilkesboro Wool Carding; Moravian Wool Carding Co. Wilkes . . . . . Wilkesboro Ins'l'r. Pin & Bracket Wks.; R. A. Spainhour. Wilkes . . . . . North Wilkesboro Tannery; C. C. Smoot & Sons Co. Wilkes . . . . . North Wilkesboro Shuttle Blocks; J. L. Turner. Wilkes . . . . . North Wilkesboro Sash, Doors and Blinds; Wallace & Barnes. Wilkes . . . . . North Wilkesboro Pottery; Kennedy & Co. Wilkes . . . . . Dehart Ship Pin Works; D. E. Page. Wilkes . . . . . Miller's Creek Roller Flour Mill; Turner & Wyatt. Wilson . . . . . Wilson Buggies and Carriages; Hackney Bros. Wilson . . . . . Wilson Roller Flour Mill, J. T. Wiggans. Wilson . . . . . Wilson Creamery; C. T. Finch. Wilson . . . . . Wilson Iron Works; Geo. H. Wainright. Yadkin . . . . . East Bend Cannery; Morse & Wade. Yadkin . . . . . East Bend Buggies and Carriages; J. G. Huff. Yadkin . . . . . East Bend Buggies and Carriages; T. A. Smitherman. Yadkin . . . . . East Bend Cannery; R. Patterson. Yadkin . . . . . East Bend Roller Mills; J. G. Huff. Yadkin . . . . . Boonville Tannery; J. H. Williams. Yadkin . . . . . Boonville Buggies and Carriages; M. L. Woodhouse. Yadkin . . . . . Yadkinville Furniture; John James. Yadkin . . . . . Yadkinville Tannery; S. H. Mackey. Yadkin . . . . . Yadkinville Roller Flour Mill; Benj. Shore. Yadkin . . . . . Hamptonville Tannery; S. M. Haynes. Yadkin . . . . . Hamptonville Tannery; G. W. Miller. Yadkin . . . . . Hamptonville Tannery; Luther Miller.

NOTE—The above list represents only such industries as are reported by voluntary correspondents to the Department of Agriculture, and does not claim to be accurate or nearly so.

The history of railroad construction in North Carolina would make an interesting chapter, but it would be out of place in these pages. With such an history, the name of Dr. Joseph Caldwell, at one time president of the University, would be inseparably linked.

The first line chartered in the State was that between Fayetteville and Salisbury, 1833; it was surveyed and finally failed for lack of funds. The Raleigh and Gaston railroad was begun in 1836, and completed in 1840. In the same year, the Wilmington and Weldon railroad was completed between the terminals. This road was one hundred and forty-six miles in length and was then one of the longest roads on the continent; and, indeed, longer than any at that date in Europe.

The North Carolina railroad—Goldsboro to Charlotte—two hundred and twenty-three miles in length, was completed in 1856, and the next year saw the completion of the Atlantic and North Carolina railroad from Goldsboro to Morehead and Beaufort harbor; it is ninety-seven miles long and links the east with the great Piedmont region. Later the western links of the system were completed, from Salisbury

The following statement shows the railroads, steamboats, telegraph lines, other property and their valuation:

NAME OF ROAD. Mileage Valuation per Mile. Value of Track. Rolling Stock. Other Property. Total Valuation. Atlantic Coast Line System.             Albermarle and Raleigh 54.28 $ 4,000 $ 216,920 00 $ 31,370 00 $ 11,745 00 $ 260,035 00 Cheraw and Darlington 14.41 3,000 43,230 00 2,998 25 2,520 00 48,748 25 Petersburg 7.67 10,000 76,700 00 11,125 08 1,000 00 88,825 08 Wilmington, Columbia& Augusta 66.64 10,000 666,400 00 95,942 44 9,772 00 772,114 44 Wilmington, Chadburn & Conway. 25.53 2,500 63,825 00 4,080 00 500 00 68,405 00 Wilmington and Weldon 174.08 10,000 1,740,800 00 279,322 00 80,440 00 2,100,562 00 Norfolk and Carolina 68.73 8,500 584,205 00 112,529 16 9,210 00 705,944 16 Tarboro Branch 15.10 8,500 128,350 00 16,455 00 5,400 00 150,205 00 Scotland Neck Branch 88.63 6,000 531,780 00 96,353 00 22,170 00 650,303 00 Midland Branch 21.63 3,000 64,890 00 4,000 00 85 00 68,975 00 Wilson & Fayetteville Branch 121.50 10,000 1,215,000 00 224,748 00 26,285 00 1,466,733 00 Nashville Branch 19.53 3,500 68,355 00 12,207 00 2,940 00 83,502 00 Clinton Branch 13.54 3,500 47,390 00 8,758 00 1,260 00 57,408 00 Washington Branch 25.69 4,000 102,760 00 18,587 00 15,320 00 136,667 00 Total 716.91   $5,550,605 00 $918,474 93 $189,347 00 $6,658,426 93 Southern Railway System.             Atlanta and Charlotte Air-Line 48.87 10,000 488,700 00 40,623 98 5,430 00 534,753 98 Atlantic, Tennessee and Ohio 45.43 5,500 249,865 00 5,930 00 6,650 00 262,445 00 Asheville and Spartanburg 43.95 7,000 307,650 00 17,921 89 3,250 00 328,821 89 Charlotte, Columbia & Augusta 14.68 8,500 124,780 00 23,049 34 3,890 00 151,719 34 Danville and Western 75 3,000 2,250 00 . . . . . . . . . . 2,250 00 H. Pt., R., Ashboro & Southern 30.25 3,500 105,875 00 8,565,00 4,140 00 118,580 00 Coster & Thomas, Trustees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,000 00 North Carolina 226.20 8,000 1,809,600 00 114,708 00 150,309 00 1,802,767 00 North Carolina Midland 26.98 2,500 67,450 00 . . . . . 3,860 00 71,310 00 Northwestern North Carolina 29.74 6,500 420,830 00 27,115 00 12,300 00 460,245 00 Northwestern North Carolina 75.84 3,000         Oxford and Clarksville 51.96 4,500 233,820 00 14,756 80 5,875 00 254,451 80 Oxford and Henderson 14.39 3,500 50,365 00 8,765 00 2,500 00 61,630 00 Piedmont 46.57 10,000 465,700 00 . . . . . 4,630 00 470,330 00 State University 10.56 2,000 21,120 00 2,515 00 1,000 00 24,635 00 Statesville and Western 21.12 2,000 42,240 00 . . . . . 3,950 00 46,190 00 West'n N. Carolina. 120.35 @ 8,500 331.50 8,500         West'n N. Carolina. 85.60 @ 8,000 331.50 8,000 2,147,200 00 118,645 00 43,230 00 2,309,075 00 West'n N. Carolina. 125.55 @ 3,500 331.50 3,500         Yadkin 43.90 2,500 109,750 00 8,310 00 4,000 00 122,060 00 Total 1,062.69   $6,647,195 00 $390,905 01 $255,014 00 $7,031,264 01 Seaboard Air-Line System.             Palmetto 7.33 2,000 14,660 00 1,598 00 75 00 16,333 00 Carolina Central 205.29 @ 4,500             Carolina Central 53.10 @ 9,000 283.97 . . . . . 1,555,185 00 211,477 00 26,655 00 1,793,317 00 Carolina Central 25.58 @ 6,000             Durham and Northern 43.87 4,500 197,415 00 17,420 00 5,800 00 220,635 00 Georgia, Carolina and Northern. 15.86 9,000 142,740 00 4,324 94 2,500 00 149,564 94 Louisburg 10.33 3,000 30,990 00 . . . . . 450 00 31,440 00 Murfreesboro 6.29 2,000 12,580 00 . . . . . 200 00 12,780 00 Pittsboro 12.30 2,000 24,600 00 . . . . . 400 00 25,000 00 Raleigh and Gaston 113.53 10,000 1,135,300 00 301,570 00 23,375 00 1,460,245 00 Raleigh and Augusta 10.72 3,000 32,160 24,058 00 13,800 00 1,016,638 00 Raleigh and Augusta 105.18 9,000 946,620 24,058 00 13,800 00 1,016,638 00 Roanoke and Tar River 35.71 4,000 142,840 00 . . . . . 4,420 00 147,260 00 Seabord and Roanoke 20.38 10,000 203,800 00 43,000 58 2,900 00 219,700 58 Total 665.47   $4,438,890 00 $603,448 52 $ 80,575 00 $5,122,913 52 Miscellaneous.             Aberdeen and Rock-Fish 16.00 1,750 28,000 00 3,000 00 200 00 31,200 00 Aberdeen and West End 4.00 2,000 74,937 50 14,105 00 2,400 00 91,442 50 Aberdeen and West End 29.75 2,250 74,937 50 14,105 00 2,400 00 91,442 50 Atlantic and North Carolina 102.26 5,000 511,300 00 64,450 00 43,350 00 619,100 00 Atlantic and Danville 22.40 5,000 112,000 00 19,774 90 750 00 132,524 90 Cape Fear and Yadkin Valley 355.90 5,000 1,779,500 00 225,540 00 36,250 00 2,041,290 00 Carthage 21.60 2,000 43,200 00 3,800 00 1,200 00 48,200 00 Cashie and Chowan 29.00 1,250 36,250 00 4,000 00 . . . . . 40,250 00 Wellington and Powellsville 26.00 1,000 26,000 00 6,150 00 . . . . . 32,150 00 Ohio River and Charleston 66.24 4,000 264,960 00 75,205 00 6,500 00 346,665 00 Danville, Mocksville & Southw'n. 8.00 2,500 20,000 00 . . . . . 1,000 00 21,000 00 E. Tennessee & W. N. Carolina 3.00 3,100 9,300 00 2,835 00 1,350 00 13,515 00 Egypt 8.00 2,000 16,000 00 12 365 00 . . . . . 28,365 00 Glendon & Gulf Mfg. & Min. Co. 8.58 2,000 17,160 00 1,525 00 . . . . . 18,685 00 Northampton and Hertford 9.00 2,000 18,000 00 2,750 00 325 00 21,075 00 Hoffman and Troy 3.50 1,500 5,250 00 3,200 00 . . . . . 8,450 00 Jamesville and Washington 7.00 2,000 14,000 00 2,800 00 7,000 00 23,800 00 Chester and Lenoir 64.53 3,000 193,590 00 9,815 00 2,320 00 205,725 00 Marietta and North Georgia 13.25 4,000 53,000 00 3,100 00 600 00 56,700 00 Norfolk and Southern 62.07 6,000 372,420 111,853 00 40,300 00 621,593 00 Norfolk and Southern 32.34 3,000 97,020 111,853 00 40,300 00 621,593 00 New Hanover Transit Co. 3.12 2,000 6,240 00 1,320 00 . . . . . 7,560 00 Norfolk and Western . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Roanoke & Southern Division. 49.66 6,500 322,790 00 16,072 52 17,479 00 356,341 52 Lynchburg & Durham Division. 43.57 5,000 217,850 00 19,216 77 4,731 00 241,797 77 Moore County 12.50 1,500 18,750 5,280 00 342 00 25,072 00 Moore County 7.00 100 700 5,280 00 342 00 25,072 00 Raleigh and Western 1.00 1,000 1,000 00 . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 00 Suffolk and Carolina 25.50 2,500 63,750 00 10,605 97 922 50 75,278 47 Suffolk Lumber Company 9.00 2,500 22,500 00 7,000 00 . . . . . 29,500 00 Warrenton 3.12 2,000 6,240 00 2,500 00 700 00 9,440 00 Wilmington, Newbern & Norfolk. 90.49 3,500 316,715 00 43,560 00 20,670 00 380,945 00 Wilmington Railway Bridge Co. 2.40 . . . . . 80,000 00 . . . . . . . . . . 80,000 00 Wilmington Sea Coast 11.81 3,000 35,430 00 4,000 00 200 00 39,630 00 Winton 15.00 2,000 30,000 00 8,350 00 150 00 41,000 00 Winton 5.00 500 2,500 00 8,350 00 150 00 41,000 00 Total 1,171,51   $4,816,352 50 $684,203 16 $188,739 50 $5,689,295 16