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Transcript on deposit at The Southern Historical Collection, The Louis Round Wilson Library
Citation of this interview should be as follows:
“Interview
H-0229, in the Southern Oral History Program Collection #4007,
Southern
Historical Collection, The Wilson Library,
University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill”
Blanche Scott began working at the Liggett and Myers tobacco factory in Durham, NC, at the age of twelve. She spent more than two decades there until she left to pursue a career as a beautician. In this interview, she recalls her two careers and her motivation to rise from poverty and her religious devotion. Researchers interested in the industrializing South will find her recollections of life as a child laborer in a tobacco factory particularly useful. She describes how relatively lax child labor laws enabled her to land a job; the dynamics of the factory floor and the influence of unions thereupon; and some of the details of tobacco work, including her handling of the noxious burly tobacco. This interview offers an interesting look at the tobacco industry, which dominated North Carolina for decades
Blanche Scott describes her careers as a tobacco factory worker and beautician in Durham, NC.
[START OF TAPE 1, SIDE A]
Miss Scott, could you tell me when you were born and where?
I was born here in Durham, 1906.
Could you give me a little information about your parents? Where your parents were from and what they did for a living?
My parents came here from Winston-Salem. My mother's native
home was in Winston-Salem; my grandmother's home was in Atkin
County. So they came to Durham doing the work that he did in
Winston-Salem was in factory work. My father, he was a tobacco roller in
Winston-Salem. Then they decided they would come to Durham.
At Liggett and Myers?
Yes. I used to go to West End School. I'd get out at the time we'd normally get out at 1:30. I'd come from school to the factory and worked from 2:00 until 6:00.
So you began work as a child?
As a child. I would work like that during the school term, and then in the summer, they'd let the children come and work all day until 4:00. You'd come in the morning at 7:00, and then we get off at 4:00 and go home, and that leaves the adults working.
About how old were you when you began to work?
In the factory? Going to school and work in the factory, around about
twelve. So then, I worked like that until I got old enough that I could
work all day. In the meantime, I went to work at sixteen years old in
the factory. I worked from the time I was sixteen I worked
Let me get back to your parents. Your parents were working in tobacco. As a result, when they came to Durham, they also picked up working in tobacco, and that you began your first job working in tobacco. What were their names?
My mother's name was Minnie Scott. My grandmother's name was Minnie L. Roxy. My daddy's name Richard. His home was in Virginia. They lived in Winston-Salem and come here. That's where they all died.
You mentioned your grandmother's name. Is that on your father's or your mother's side?
On my mother's side.
Do you recall what she did?
My grandmother? She worked in tobacco.
So, we have that tradition going on from generation to generation.
That's right because she worked in tobacco until she retired at the age of seventy-two. She was seventy-two when she came out of Liggett and Myers. She was in the first group of senior citizens that they put out on pension. She was in the first group, and she was seventy-two years old when she came out.
Your grandmother also moved? Where was she living?
They all come from Winston-Salem when they came here. My mother, she worked in a factory while her mama's health was never too good. She worked some, but not as regular as my grandmother did.
Were you the only child?
No, I've got three sisters and a brother and I've
got a brother dead. I don't know whether you know my brother
or not, but Sam Scott, I guess you know him. So in '46 was
when I came out from Liggett and Myers on my own because I had took the
beautician course. In fact, it got so that I would get sick when I get
inside. It begin to turn against me. So I came on out and took this
beauty course. Finished that and I done hair for twenty years!
What did you do as a child? You were going to school and you probably got out about 1:30, then you went to work at Liggett and Myers. What type of job did you do?
Stemming tobacco.
At thirteen!
Un-huh. You know you see them take a leaf of tobacco, that stem that's in the middle? Well you take that stem and you pull it out. You see they pay you by pounds, how many pounds of stems you would get. They was paying us nine cent a pound. Then you had to get a hundred pounds to get nine dollars. When you made nine dollars, you feel like you had some money.
You were doing something.
Yeah. The day hands, they didn't get but so much because they used to work from 7:00 until 5:00 in the evening and work Saturday till 12:00. They didn't make but twelve dollars a week. They was day hands. As the years went by, they raised the wages more. When I quit in '46, they had raised me. I was working by the day then getting about thirty-five dollars a week.
Did you ever make nine dollars?
When I was a kid? No, the highest I made and went to school was five
dollars. The foreman said to me one day, he looked at me and
Did you work because you had to?
I worked because I had to work. My mother stayed sick a whole lot. My grandmother and my grandaddy, they weren't making money. So, every little bit I tried to make would help mama.
Were you the oldest in your family?
I was the oldest of mama's children. I reckon I'll never forget it. The first pay I got was $2.50.
Where do you think you developed this type of feeling of independence?
Want to work? I always wanted to work. I'm small to my age. The first job that I ever got was when I was about nine years old, and I was making fifty cents a week.
What type of job was that?
Taking care of little boy just about two or three years old.
I'd take care of him for fifty cents a week. I felt like I
was making something. Along then, wages was low, and you could get two
cakes of washing soap for a nickel. You could get a pound of fat back
for a nickel. These
So that fifty cent went a long way.
Oh yeah. I always wanted to work to help my mother because she stayed sick a lot.
Was your family a very Christian family?
Yes, they were, but they were very poor. They were poor.
Where did you live in Durham?
I lived up on the west end at
From age thirteen you started working at the stemmery, stemming tobacco. Where did it progress from there? What other job did you…
That was my biggest job.
You stayed on that job—stemmery?
Off and on because sometimes they cut children off, when they had to get a range of certain age to work. I need to be out and just go on to school and get another service job until they start back hiring at my age, and I'd go back again. Still I'd go to school between those times, because I was going over here to high school on Ramsey Street—that's where I was going—I would go in there and go from there and work in the factory.
What age did you begin as a full time worker?
I a full time worker at sixteen years old. When I came out I was forty. I
gave twenty-four years to Liggett and Myers. In the meantime, I was
going in to Liggett and Myers in the late years, I got tired of working
in the factory, and my health begin to fail me. When I come out in the
air I feel all right; when I go back to work, I feel so
At sixteen you started as a full time employee, a grown-up employee for Liggett and Myers and you were still stemming.
Then they put me on the bottom working by the day in that time, but you would be still stemming on the line working by the day.
What time did you have to go to work?
We'd go to work at 7:00 in the morning and get out in the evening at 5:00.
Did you have a time for lunch?
Yes, we had a half hour.
Was that enough?
It had to be enough. You may of come out and eat your dinner in the cafeteria or wherever you wanted to go out and eat, and eat and go on back in.
So they did furnish a cafeteria for you to eat.
Oh, yes, they had a cafeteria in the later years. Since I been out from up there, it been thirty-three years since I been out. They made a big change, but they did have a cafeteria where you go over there and eat dinner. When you get through eating, then you'd go back in there and go back to work.
Do you recall what other type of jobs women were doing other than stemming?
In the factory? Some of them was working on the belt taking bundles; I
have done that too. Take your bundles, and the belt's
running, tie it up. Then you take that at the end of the belt running. I
have done that kind of work. Some lay'd lay the bundles, and
I take them and let them run on down on the belt by this blade, and it
cut the heads off. Then I have worked in a part where they hang tobacco.
They had a
While you were working up there, what type of relationship did women have with the foremen? Can you tell me whether the foremen were all white or were there some foremen that were black?
They did have some colored foremans. Just like when you come up there to get a job, they could hire you; if they didn't like the way you do, they could have you fired. Mostly was white foremen, but they did have a few colored.
What type of relationship did you have with your foreman that you worked with? Was he a nice person?
Some of them was nice, but some of them was kind of rude. I always tried to do my work right, so they wouldn't have to just get on me about your work. Some of the foremans was nice, and some weren't.
Do you know of any women that you worked around that were fired?
Oh yes. They let you stem out your tobacco. They wanted it perfectly
clean. They didn't want no tobacco hanging on that stem.
Sometimes you leave too much tobacco on your stem, and they would come
around. You'd have a little bundle of stems, and
they'd pick it up
Did the foremen ever use real bad language around women?
Yes, they did. Some of them used to do all that cursing and carrying on, but after the union was organized, they kind of eliminated that. Always you'll find some people with kind of, no principle. That kind of a person would cuss and raise with women. They used to do it bad, but after the union was organized, that kind of eliminated.
Were pregnant women allowed to work up there?
Along then, they would work some. I seen a many of them up there look like they ain't got no business up there, but I guess they had to work. So they did allow them to work up there a while.
They did allow them to return after the baby was born?
Yes, they'd come back after the baby was born. Stay out and come on back.
Were there any type of particular clothes you had to wear when you first began to work up there, or you could just wear anything?
When I first began to work up there, you begin to wear an ordinary dress. Then, they wanted you to wear uniforms. They were very pretty blue and white uniforms. The company, they would order them. They order your size, and then you pay for it because they would take it out of your pay before you get it.
You didn't get them free?
Oh, no, you didn't get them free. Not when I was up there.
You had to pay for them?
You had to pay for your uniform. What they did in the later years after I left, I don't know, but when I was there, you had to pay for them. They did that so everybody could be looking alike. They did look right pretty. I need to get out in the afternoon, and you'd get out there at Five Points and see all them people coming down the street in blue and white.
What about the women that you worked around? Did you form a very close relationship with the women that you…
Yes, them that worked together? Yes, we all got along nicely. We would have a lot of fun together. We tried to keep it so the bossman couldn't see it, but we just got along nice together. We formed a little club. Just like your birthday's in one month, maybe in December, when your birthday come, all of us that worked there together, we'd go in and give so much money to you. Either we'd take the money and go and buy you a gift. It would make you feel very good. The little group that I was working with, they took up seventeen dollars, but I din't know what they had. Somebody came to me and says, "Look here, hadn't you rather have the money?" I said, "No, just get it in gifts." They went out at dinner time and came back, and they bought me more gifts. Towels and … I got a glass basket here now that they give me, and I've been out from up there thirty-three years. I got it now; it's a glass basket with a handle. I notice now whenever you see those baskets now, if you see any, they're high. Along then, things was cheap.
So they just bought a whole lot of gifts?
They bought me a whole lot of gifts. And they give me a set of doilies to go on the dresser? I got two of them on my dresser right now, and that's been thirty-three years ago. That's right.
You mentioned that working up there sort of affected you health-wise. Could you go into that a little more?
It was a different type of tobacco that they worked in; the tobacco was called burly tobacco. It was very strong. If you had eat anything when you go there in the morning, it would get on down inside of you and make you so sick. That's one grade of tobacco I never did get used to all them twenty-four years that I worked there, I never did get used to it. When it would get on me, I had to turn my nose up. I'd take an orange peeling and hold it in my mouth, and that would keep me from getting sick. I never could stand that burly tobacco. It was very strong, and they'd be chicken feathers all through it. I guess it come from Kentucky, I suppose, chicken might of roost in it or something. But it would be chicken feathers in it and sometimes chicken manure's in it. We just had to work through it. I'd take the bundles and feel them. Back then I was working on a machine, and we'd lay them bundles down in a row. The belt run along by that big old blade that turn, and it just cut the heads off and it keep on going and fall down in the next room.
How many times did you have to work with that type of tobacco?
Sometimes we'd work on it two or three days. Then they'd change over and we'd get on this ripe tobacco, wouldn't make you sick like that other. It's regular tobacco.
How did you get your first job at Liggett and Myers. You were working in school, how did you get that first job?
When my grandmother was working there, she told me that there were a table empty by the side of her. So I told her to ask the bossman if he would hire me. I was working over to the Imperial Tobacco Company, and they make children work over there, and they had shut them off.
What was that? Imperial Tobacco Company?
Imperial Tobacco Company. The building is still there. You go up Morris Street, and that big old building you see it up there opposite Liggett and Myers.
Was that a part of Liggett and Myers?
No, no, they worked with green seed, and they worked during the summer. They used to let children work there. I'd work over there. When they raised the age, and said children had to be a certain age to work, then I went to Liggett and Myers.
So it was time for you to go.
So there was this table my grandmother said it was empty. I went over to
Imperial and when I got on the outside out there, he cut me off, and I
came right over there to Liggett and Myers. Liggett and Myers started to
work at 7:00, and it was 7:15. I went over there to the door; they had a
man that keep the door. I told him I wanted to see my grandmother. She
come to the door, and I asked him about this table. They done gone to
work because it would have been too late for to come in behind, but I
went. So I said, "Go and ask him," and she said,
"Let me know," it was too late. But then I wanted to
go and I followed her. Went on in and he was coming down the aisle
looking at the people stem, and she touched him and asked him about that
table and he would hire me. He said, "How old is she?"
I was twelve. I got up on my tip-toe and held my grandmother in the back
to balance myself and I said, "Fourteen."
You were still in school?
Yeah.
So you went to work after school. It was all right with him?
When I went over there Imperial, it was during the summer. We was out of school. That's why I had a chance to get there that morning. Some of the girls that was with me say, "You go in and we wait out here, and if he hire you, you come and let us know." But I couldn't come back.
Did any of your girlfriends ever…
They was out there, so they had cut them off too. I told my grandmother about them and she said, "You go on and go to work." I couldn't go back and tell them I was hired. He wasn't going to hire them to pass work out. But I always did pray and ask the Lord to help me get a job. I wouldn't look to nobody but the Lord because I'm only twelve years old, and told that man I was fourteen. Little as I, I was on my tip-toes and balance myself against my grandmother's back so I could look tall.
Did he give you that table?
Yes, right side of her. I was by the side of my grandmother. She had a stool she put there for me to stand up on and went and got the tobacco and put it up there on the table. I stood up there and started stemming.
Did you do stemming at Imperial or did your grandmother help you?
You take a leaf of tobacco—the bossman would show you if you
didn't know—you take a leaf of tobacco and
he'd take that stem and show you how to pull it out. Then
it's up to you how fast you could do it. You would have to
try to work and get as many stems as you can. You had a pile to stem,
that would be nine cent, but if you
You really loved your mother didn't you?
Yes, because my mother stayed sick a lot. She'd take it and buy some of them clothes for me. Along then you could get material for ten cent a yard—pretty material! My mother would make my dresses.
What about your other brothers and sisters?
I was older than they was.
Most of them were just in school.
Un-huh. They didn't work in the factory like I did. I really
wanted to go. I went to school and to the factory when I was going
barefooted. I don't know how I was looking, but you had on a
wide straw hat for ten cents. Mama made a apron with arm holes in it and
then fasten it behind, and that's the way I went. I
don't know how I was looking, but [Laughter].
What age did you marry?
Nineteen.
What did your husband do?
Up there working in the factory. I know when he didn't make but $13.10 a week.
That was a lot of money, wasn't it?
Along then.
Was your mother still living when you got married?
Un-huh.
Did the other brothers and sisters begin to help her?
Mama, she married again. Then she moved over in North Durham. When I got married, on Avenue and moved out, my husband and I.
All my life I've been used to working. I didn't have the privilege to go to college. Along then, by the factory letting children work, it hindered a lot of children from finishing school because when they would go to the factory and draw they little money, they get excited, and they didn't want to go back to school. So I just went on.
Did you finish high school?
No, I didn't finish high school.
How far did you go?
To eighth grade. I was promoted to the eighth grade, but I
didn't go through the eighth grade. But still, I had went
enough to take this beauty course, and when I finished in the beauty
course, I was ahead of three classes. At out graduation, I got a reward
for having the highest mark of three classes. But I tell you what I
learnt. When I was in the elementary school in second grade, I learnt my
multiplication tables; people would call them times tables then. I
learnt them then—I was in the second grade—and I
learnt what they teach in the third grade was but I got ahead before I
got there, and I learned every one of them. When I got in the third
grade, I knew all of them. Today, you can
Did you stop at the eighth grade because you wanted to…
I had to go to work. I went to work because I couldn't get clothes like I wanted to. I went to work and I was working then over at the Imperial hanging tobacco making $10.00 a week. Then I had to give mama five and I had to take that five and dress myself. So I have been working all my life. So I can appreciate these days I got here. Every now and then, I do a head of hair, but I don't have nowhere to wash the heads. I got sick, that was in '74. My pressure went up to 240, and that's when I give my shop up. I quit.
Let's go back to that. I think it's interesting, your determination to acquire skills and to use it to make things better for you. When did you enter beautician school and what was the name of it?
All Queens Beauty College was on Chapel Hill Street right there where—you know where Washington Hotel used to be—it was right cross the street from there on Chapel Hill Street—All Queens Beauty College.
When did you enter that beauty college?
I entered that during the time I was working in the factory. I went to beauty college and worked in the factory right on.
Was that 30's, 40's?
I finished beauty college in '46, and I think I went a year.
How long did it take?
It was nine months. What made me go in the daytime sometime was the way that my work was. Then I'd leave there and go to school. Then when I was working at night in the factory, then I would go to school in the day. That's what I kept up until I finished.
Were you married during that time…
I was married, but my husband and I were separated.
So you didn't have to take care of…
No, because I was determined. I said, "Well, I wanted to finish something." I didn't get a chance in school, so I said I wanted to finish something, so I took that course. They let us march just like they did when we graduated. I was just so uplifted because to finish something and then made the highest mark of three classes. Two of those girls that went was college students, and she failed. The teacher was waiting to see what mark she was going to make, see if that mark would be higher than mine. When she finished, her marks weren't higher than mine. So the teacher said, "If she finish, she would be the valedictorian. Since she didn't finish"—long that time they were calling me "Fleming"—"Fleming can give the welcome address." So I gave the welcome address at the graduation.
Was your mother living then? Was she able to see that?
No, my mother was dead then, but my grandmother was living. She was living, she went to the graduation—her and my brother and my sister and my sister-in-law was living. But mama wasn't living. But anyway, I was just determined. You can have a determination till you want to do something worth more than just stemming tobacco. So you had to make up your mind.
Were there other women that you knew of…
Working in the factory and went to school? Yeah. They sure did. They went
to school together. One of them said to me, she said, "Fleming,
I wish I could do like you. When the teacher ask you something, you just
kind of look up and then you tell her."
What did you do in beauty college?
When we went to beauty college, we had to study—they had this beautician's book that you had to study—tell you all about the hair, about chemicals, about the course of blood travel, and the bones—you had to learn all of that.
That means anatomy…
That's right, you had to learn all of that, and the names of it—all those bones, tell how many bones a person have in his body. I think it's two-hundred-six. All that! We had to go through that. I said, "How come you have to learn all this just to work on somebody's head?" They said they want you to know what you're working over. We had to learn that stuff too. I could tell them the course the blood travel and all about these arteries and capillaries. I had that stuff down good. When I went to take the state boards, they had this long paper with all them questions on it. We were supposed to take the state board that Monday—it was snowing on the ground too. I got off from work. That means we had Sunday, and it snowed. Monday, I didn't go back to work, I went to school to take that exam. But that teacher taught us that Sunday, had us to meet at her house and was telling us how to do. She said, "When you go there, don't let them catch you telling each other nothing." Some people'd get up and go to the bathroom, "Don't take your book, don't take nothing." She said they were like this, "They see you doing something, they act like they didn't see you and you will never hear from the state boards."
[END OF TAPE 1, SIDE A]
[START OF TAPE 1, SIDE B]
That's where we took the state board at. At 10:00 that
morning, they was there on time. First thing, we had to go downstairs.
The beautician's school that you went to to get your training, was it owned by blacks?
Madame Rogers, she was black.
Those that administered test, these were white?
Yes, it was white.
And you got your license?
Right on, I sure did!
What did you do after that? after you got your license?
I worked with a lady, Miss Stone; I worked in her beauty shop with her. She kept telling me, she said, "Blanche, you can't give up your trade and work in the factory and do hair." She said, "Why don't you come on out of the factory?" I'd been working in the factory so long, I kind of was hesitant of coming out.
That means you went to the factory from 7:00 to 5:00 and you did hair after 5:00?
No, they had changed then. Instead, we would go out in the afternoon around 4:30. Then I would go from there, get washed up there downstairs in the dressing room—they had hot and cold water down there. Then I'd get washed down there and put my white uniform on and then go on to school. That's just the way it was. Madame Rogers, she was very, very good. What you learn under her, you knew it. I heard now that she was dead, and her school went on out. Weren't nobody here then that could show you something.
So about '46, you decided that you were going to give up the job at Liggett and Myers?
Yes, I did. The lady kept telling me, so the way I did, I asked for two
weeks vacation from the factory. I was working at the weekends with her
when I get off from work. I'd go down her house and work. She
told me, "Can't you get by, if I pay you twenty
dollars a week for shampooing for me. Then what you make
…" She would let me have that and weren't
going to charge me nothing till I got my trade work done. So she kept on
at me, so I decided to try it. So when I asked
I know you had a shop on Roxborough. When did you start it and what gave you the incentive to start it, and how did you develop that relationship? I think it was three of you working in the shop together.
During the time that I was working with Miss Stone, these other two
people, I didn't know them because I was working with her at
her house; her shop was at her house. Then she moved up there close to
up the street. When she moved up there, she had two girls working with
her—three with myself. We worked together five years. Then
she decided that she would move her shop over here on Alston Avenue to
her house—in that time, she bought a house over here on
Alston. Those three girls came over with her; that left me over there.
Then, Miss Hayes that worked with me, she had come up here and was
working with Miss Stone for a while. When Miss Stone moved, Miss Hayes
asked me, "Miss Scott, why don't you aks me to work
with you?" So then she worked with me. We didn't
know each other. Then when Miss Wilson
So you just closed the shop?
Just closed the shop. Miss Haynes, she's over on Miss Wilson is out to Kennington Road, but we keep in touch—call each other.
From that you were able to buy this beautiful home?
Yes, this house, I moved here in 1955, the first day of December, and I can say "Thank God, it's all paid."
You never had any children?
No, I didn't have any children.
But you were able to make something out of it?
Just make it out anyway. I tell them now, I can see now the benefit of
having a family, but since I'm the only family—I
don't even have a cat. I don't like dogs and cats.
So that makes me be alone, but I do have students. For seventeen years,
I kept students after I moved in. Dr. Brown, Rose Butler, she was
working over there, and I was doing her hair. She called me
"auntie" because E.T. called me
"auntie" because Sam called me
"auntie." She said
You have boys?
Boys. So far now, I don't have but just one. I keeps a room vacant just in case my sister comes sometime and visit. This young fellow, he's just nineteen, and he's just as nice as he can be. Now, all them I come in contact with were good, nice. I had a couple here, the preacher and his wife. I had some married couples to come in and stay. That was company to me. I was glad to know that somebody would be in the house. This little fellow what stay here now, he's gone home—gone to Englewood, New Jersey, that's his home—to visit his mother. He called me Sunday, said he'd be back tomorrow at Thursday. With the help of the Lord, I've got along just fine. You have to put God in the front, you can't do nothing without him. So with His help, I've made it this far.
While you were working at the factory and working as a beautician, you were also active at Mount Vernon Baptist Church?
Yes.
So your Sundays were spent…
In church. I never will forget it, we had Easter, and I didn't
get home that morning till just about daybreak, up all night. I just
laid down enough till the light got light enough for me to come home. I
was up the street then. I came on there, and our choir had to sing that
morning. I wanted to sing because we had some pretty
Were you the only one in your family, that commitment to try to do something and able to establish a business of your own which is really remarkable?
I'm the only one that established a business, but my nephew, he finished college. He taught for four and a half years; that's my brother's boy.
Are your sisters and brothers living?
I've got one brother and two sisters. One of my sisters is a nurse, and the other one, she's in Philadelphia, been there round about twenty years. She does doemstic work. My brother's boy, he finished college, and he taught four and a half years. Now, he's back here. He's married. He and his wife lives out to Emory Woods. He's got a good job. He works at the … what you call it?
IBM?
Um-hum. My brother, he would always sell products. He'd keep his job. He's a part-time car salesman now, but he keeps his job right on. That's what he did, he sells different things and sell cars and still keep his job.
You were in a very good business, though, beautician, that's a
very good business. Did you have any problems trying to maintain that
business from when you started up till '74? Were there any
Work problems? A little problem with permanents, a lot of people started getting their hair straight with permanents. Still, we got plenty work if it was. We didn't have such a bad problem of working because we would have a lot of customers to come in to get their hair done because everybody didn't like permanents.
You had a regular business, and you and the other women working had a personality that went along with the business, so you know you kept a good clientele. There probably wasn't problem with that at all.
That's right. Right today, I met a customer of mine up on Main Street since I been here. "Miss Scott, please take me, let me come back." Now, I'm diabetic and I've got a bad heart, high blood pressure. I couldn't work now as much as I did then, although I do a head every now and then. But they wash their head at home, and when they come here, I just straighten it and curl it for them. That ain't too many; I just do every few every now and then. I tell them, I said, "At times, I get nervous and don't feel like doing it." So those that come, they're willing to come as I am.
What would you say to a young black person who has not really experienced much in life, being fifteen or something like that? What advice would you give them in regards to their future?
One thing about it, you got to have the ambition in you to want to do.
Maybe you're not financially able to go to school and finish,
but if you get enough learning that you can take up some kind of course.
Now they require you to have high school education; you have to finish
high school to go and take this beauty course now. When I took it, you
didn't have to finish high school, but they were talking
Yeah.
That's why I say, I had to see a child drop out of school because if you don't finish high school, it's kind of hard. When you go to apply for a job, they're going ask you what school did you finish or what college. Then if you say, you didn't finish school, and you didn't finish high school, they might think that you ain't qualified to do much. I was so glad that I did escape by it. When I heard about they say you had to finish high school, I went right on in there.
You mentioned your grandmother and your mother and your father. Which of those individuals played a paramount part in your life?
My people, they didn't finish school. As I said, they were poor. They didn't finish school, and they had to work in tobacco. That's how I come in and know about tobacco was through them, by them working there. As far as they was able, they done what they could.
You said you always wanted to work and always wanted to be independent.
Which of these three, or maybe all three made an impact on your life?
Usually when you're growing up, the family plays such a
tremendous role in instilling certain things in your life. Maybe it
I looked at my grandmother would get up in the mornings. There used to be
a whistle blow at 6:30. She got up one morning, and the 6:30 whistle was
blowing, and she was late. She got up in a hurry, nervous and
everything. She told me to get her a cup and put some molasses in that
and a biscuit in a bucket. I fixed that and give it to her. She went
running. I looked at her running, going to work. I thought about that. I
wanted to be so when I growed up that maybe I wouldn't have
to go out like that. But I did start—lot of times you have to
start at things you don't want—you have to work on
that till you can do better. I learnt from her going out like that in
the morning because my mother would be home a lot of times sick.
Sometimes mama would go to work and then she'd come back
sick. She had some kind of palpitation at the heart. It made me want to
when I grow up, I wanted to have something. I was going to work one
morning, and I saw a schoolmate of mine. She was bringing her daddy to
work in a car, beautiful car. He was a colored foreman at Liggett and
Myers. I looked at her and I thought about myself. I wanted to have
something one day, so I just didn't stop. I just kept on till
I did get a chance. I used to worry, where in the world would I get a
shop at, I didn't know. It was fixed so, when Mildred give
her shop up, I kept that one. I looked at my grandmother and I wanted to
do better than that as I grew up. I wanted to have something because my
people, they didn't own their home. They didn't
own anything, just poor people, but I wanted to have something before I
died. But you got to have that ambition to do it. I went to graduation
one Sunday, they had it at Mount Vernon church. That was the year that
Thelma Hughes and Florence Roland, they finished. I looked at those
children marching in—I was grown—I sit there and
looked at them and deep down
You seemed to be a very strong-willed and very determined…
Well, you have to. When you come up like I did, I just tell it like it is, we were poor people. I'm not rich now, but I got more than we had then. When you make it up in your mind that you going to do something worthwhile, then you going pull toward that and you're going pray for it too. The Lord made a way for me all the way through.
Did your husband have the same idea about life?
No, that's how come me and my husband weren't together, I left him rather. He was wild. He'd run around with women and drink. We was buying a house over there—me and him together—was buying a house and got it paid down to $200, just $200. He had done me so bad, I just left him. I decided I didn't want to stay there no longer and take it, and I left. But that didn't stop me from still wanting something.
I can imagine that was really a big decision to make.
It was a big decision because we didn't ever go back together. We were separated five years when he got a divorce. The settlement had to be made on that house over there with me. He did pay me at that time. He asked me how much did I want him to give me. Do you know what I told him? One thousand dollars. That's what I took, one thousand dollars. The house was $2,900, and from 1927 till 1941, the house wasn't paid for. Didn't take but $200, but in that length of time, he would throw money away with women—big-timey—tell me about Johnny Scarborough one time, kind of whiskey Johnny drinking. Johnny could make more money in a…
The owner of the funeral home business?
Yeah! So he just throwing away money, and I seen I wasn't getting nowhere there, so I just left. But I still had the determination I wanted something. Sure enough, the Lord helped me to get in. It's not the finest place, but it's better than I ever had.
This is a very nice home.
I thank the Lord for it.
I would hear my mother and father talk about when they were growing up and how hard it was. It makes you feel good when you know people that, despite the obstacles that they had to endure, that they have accomplished so much in life.
That's right, I didn't give up. I said with the
help of the Lord, I do want a modern home. I'd look at other
people's houses, then I'd think back over my life
how we was poor and come up. After my husband paid me off, I took
$900 and give it to my brother and said, "Go down
there and buy that …" I thought it was going to be
that lot up there on the corner. When he come to see about it, Watkins
said that lot was sold. So he came down here, my brother
did—all back there weren't nothing but
woods—there weren't a house back there, just those
houses up there and then one house up there across the street where Mrs.
Culbertson live. But he came and picked this lot here. I
didn't much like this lot, but he said he liked it, so I just
let him go and get it. The lot was $875. I had his name on my
bank book. Give him my book and told him to go head and draw the money
and pay cash for the lot, so that's what he did.
That's how I got the lot. Then I had to work and save money
to get the down payment. So I did that. He said, "The only loan
we can get will be FHA." I didn't want that because
it took so long, but I didn't have enough money to pay for it
the other way.
You and your brother were quite close.
Yeah, he's very nice to me, very nice. I made a will. There's no need to do nothing but just will him the house because he was nice enough to help me, and still he helps me. So I went up there and got a lawyer and had my will made up. So if I die, he gets the house.
I want to thank you, Miss Scott, for letting me interview you today and I really enjoyed talking with you.
END OF INTERVIEW