Violent disagreement during Lumbee rights meeting
Locklear describes some of the details of his efforts to attain federal recognition and benefits for the Lumbees. He and others took over the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) to protest the Lumbee Act, which had recognized twenty-two Lumbees as at least half Indian by blood but denied them benefits. He recalls one meeting where the accusations of another Lumbee sparked violence.
Citing this Excerpt
Oral History Interview with Carnell Locklear, February 24, 2004. Interview U-0007. Southern Oral History Program Collection (#4007) in the Southern Oral History Program Collection, Southern Historical Collection, Wilson Library, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Full Text of the Excerpt
- MALINDA MAYNOR:
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Was that the BIA?
- CARNELL LOCKLEAR:
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The BIA, we took over the BIA. We had 1500 of us. So we met
with-I met with me and Dennis and Russell and Vernon
Bellecourt and Clyde. It was five of us met with Nixon's lawyer.
[unclear]
what was his name? But anyway, he told me
personally, call me over. Says, Carnell, if you'll get your people out
of here, go back home, we're going to give each organization so much
money. Pay for your gas and pay for you some food, if you'll get them
out of here and go back home. He says, write me a proposal and send it
direct to me. He said, we'll see that something is done. Well, in the
main process, before we went there, Thomas N. Tureen agreed to file a
lawsuit against the Secretary of Interior, Rogers C. B. Morton, about
the 22. And the federal judge at that time, I forgot his name, he said,
the 22 must honor the Lumbee Act. The Lumbee Act at that time stated
they recognized these people as Indians, but won't have no benefits
[unclear]
because of their status as Indians. So I told Thomas, I said,
"Let's appeal that, Tom." So he went to the Fourth
Circuit Appeals in Richmond. The Fourth Circuit Appeals listened to both
sides, Thomas N. Tureen argued for it and then you had the Secretary of
the Interior's office argued against it. So the Fourth Circuit Appeals
agreed with us, that those 22 individuals was not under the Lumbee Act.
That these Indians was more than one half degree of Indian blood. And
the border line people was one half or more degree of Indian blood. And
if they had any brothers or sisters, they were automatically covered. So
what we done, was Thomas N. Tureen and Barry Nakell, we agreed at that
time-we had already come back. We had done that before, when
we filed a lawsuit and lost it before we went to Washington. And then
while we was in Washington, Thomas N. Tureen appealed it, and they heard
it, and they put 1974. When we come back from Washington, I had a
meeting that Wednesday night, and I told the people, I said,
"Listen, this is what we've got to
do." I said, "We've got to write down what we
want." So I had brought a person in to help us write a grant, a
proposal for what we wanted to accomplish. And there was a guy sitting
in there who was a grandson of one of the original 22. He stands up in
the meeting and says, "Ladies and gentlemen, I've got some bad
news for you." I mean, right out of the deep blue sky.
"I've got some bad news." He paused, he said,
"Carnell Locklear sold us out." He said, "He
got a hundred thousand dollars. He's got a brand new Cadillac, he's got
a woman, he's married, out of South Carolina. He's got a home at the
beach, he's got a woman in Washington DC." And when he said
that, the people said [makes whistling noise]. Just sat there. They
broke up, they left there that night. I went home, and about 2:00 that
morning, my house got shot at. I heard them coming to shoot. And I took
my kids, and got them and put them under the bed. Then my wife and me
got up under the bed. And they shot at my house that night. And to that
night right on, they split up in five different ways.
- MALINDA MAYNOR:
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Why did he say that?
- CARNELL LOCKLEAR:
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His name was Howard Brooks, he lived over here on the river.
- WILLIE LOWERY:
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Howard Brooks, that-
- CARNELL LOCKLEAR:
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Chief Howard Brooks.
- MALINDA MAYNOR:
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Not the doctor-
- WILLIE LOWERY:
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No, no I'm saying-
- MALINDA MAYNOR:
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Yeah, the Howard Brooks that was
[unclear]
.
- CARNELL LOCKLEAR:
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Yeah, he got locked up with Golden Frinks. So Howard took them on a
streak. What happened when they shot at my house, my mama told me don't
go back there. I said, "Mom, I'm going back there. To one more
meeting." When I went back to that meeting that night, they had
pitchforks, they had knives, they had guns, they had axes and
everything. My mother went with me, and my Aunt Maggie. Aunt Maggie had
a .22 pistol, and she pulled it out that night, said, "If you
all lay your hands on him, I'll blow your brains out." So we
had to back out of the meeting that night.