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        <author>Poe, Edgar Allan, 1809-1849</author>
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    <front>
      <div1 type="cover image">
        <p>
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      <titlePage>
        <docTitle>
          <titlePart type="main">TALES</titlePart>
        </docTitle>
        <byline>BY</byline>
        <docAuthor>EDGAR A. POE.</docAuthor>
        <docImprint><pubPlace> NEW YORK:</pubPlace>
                         <publisher> WILEY AND PUTNAM, 161
BROADWAY.</publisher>
<docDate>1845</docDate></docImprint>
        <pb id="poeii" n="verso"/>
        <titlePart type="verso"><date>Entered according to Act of Congress, in
the year 1845, by</date>
                                 WILEY &amp; PUTNAM
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States, for the
Southern District of New-York</titlePart>
        <titlePart type="verso">STEREOTYPED BY T. B. SMITH 
216 WILLIAM STREET, NEW YORK. 
H. Ludwig, Print.</titlePart>
      </titlePage>
      <div1 type="contents">
        <pb id="poeiii" n="iii"/>
        <head>CONTENTS</head>
        <list type="simple">
          <item>THE GOLD-BUG . . . . . . <ref targOrder="U" n="32" target="poe1">1</ref></item>
          <item>THE BLACK CAT . . . . . . <ref targOrder="U" n="33" target="poe37">37</ref></item>
          <item>MESMERIC REVELATION . . . . . .  <ref targOrder="U" n="34" target="poe47">47</ref></item>
          <item>LIONIZING . . . . . . <ref targOrder="U" n="35" target="poe58">58</ref></item>
          <item>THE FALL OF THE HOUSE OF USHER . . . . . . <ref targOrder="U" n="36" target="poe64">64</ref></item>
          <item>A DESCENT INTO THE MAELSTROM . . . . . . <ref targOrder="U" n="37" target="poe83">83</ref></item>
          <item>THE COLLOQUY OF MONOS AND UNA . . . . . . <ref targOrder="U" n="38" target="poe100">100</ref></item>
          <item>THE CONVERSATION OF EIROS AND CHARMION . . . . . . <ref targOrder="U" n="39" target="poe110">110</ref></item>
          <item>THE MURDERS IN THE RUE MORGUE . . . . . . <ref targOrder="U" n="40" target="poe116"><sic>119</sic></ref></item>
          <item>THE MYSTERY OF MARIE ROGET . . . . . . <ref targOrder="U" n="41" target="poe151">151</ref></item>
          <item>THE PURLOINED LETTER . . . . . . <ref targOrder="U" n="42" target="poe200">200</ref></item>
          <item>THE MAN IN THE CROWD . . . . . . <ref targOrder="U" n="43" target="poe219">219</ref></item>
        </list>
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    <body>
      <pb id="poe1" n="1"/>
      <div1>
        <head>TALES</head>
        <byline>BY</byline>
        <docAuthor>EDGAR A. POE.</docAuthor>
        <div2 type="chapter">
          <head>THE GOLD-BUG.</head>
          <epigraph>
            <lg type="poem">
              <l>What ho! what ho! this fellow is dancing
mad!</l>
              <l>He hath been bitten by the Tarantula.</l>
              <l>
                <hi rend="italics">All in the Wrong.</hi>
              </l>
            </lg>
          </epigraph>
          <p>MANY years ago, I contracted an intimacy with a Mr. William
Legrand.  He was of an ancient Huguenot family, and had once
been wealthy; but a series of misfortunes had reduced him to want:
To avoid the mortification consequent upon his disasters,
he left New Orleans, the city of his forefathers, and took up his
residence at Sullivan's Island, near Charleston, South Carolina.</p>
          <p>This Island is a very singular one.  It consists of little else
than the sea sand, and is about three miles long.  Its breadth
at no point exceeds a quarter of a mile. It is separated from the
main land by a scarcely perceptible creek, oozing its way through
a wilderness of reeds and slime, a favorite resort of the marsh
hen. The vegetation, as might be supposed, is scant, or at least
dwarfish.  No trees of any magnitude are to be seen.  Near the
western extremity, where Fort Moultrie stands, and where are
some miserable frame buildings, tenanted, during summer, by the
fugitives from Charleston dust and fever, may be found, indeed,
the bristly palmetto; but the whole island, with the exception of
this western point, and a line of hard, white beach on the seacoast,
is covered with a dense undergrowth of the sweet myrtle,
<pb id="poe2" n="2"/>
so much prized by the horticulturists of England.  The shrub
here often attains the height of fifteen or twenty feet, and forms
an almost impenetrable coppice, burthening the air with its fragrance.</p>
          <p>In the inmost recesses of this coppice, not far from the eastern
or more remote end of the island, Legrand had built himself a
small hut, which he occupied when I first, by mere accident,
made his acquaintance.  This soon ripened into friendship— for
there was much in the recluse to excite interest and esteem.  I
found him well educated, with unusual powers of mind, but infected
with misanthropy, and subject to perverse moods of alternate
enthusiasm and melancholy.  He had with him many books,
but rarely employed them.  His chief amusements were gunning
and fishing, or sauntering along the beach and through the myrtles, in
quest of shells or entomological specimens; —his collection
of the latter might have been envied by a Swammerdamm.  In these
excursions he was usually accompanied by an old negro, called
Jupiter, who had been manumitted before the reverses of the family,
but who could be induced, neither by threats nor by promises, to
abandon what he considered his right of attendance upon the
footsteps of his young “Massa Will.”  It is not improbable that the
relatives of Legrand, conceiving him to be somewhat unsettled in
intellect, had contrived to instil this obstinacy into Jupiter, with a
view to the supervision and guardianship of the wanderer.</p>
          <p>The winters in the latitude of Sullivan's Island are seldom very
severe, and in the fall of the year it is a rare event indeed when a fire
is considered necessary.  About the middle of October, 18—, there
occurred, however, a day of remarkable chilliness.  Just before
sunset I scrambled my way through the evergreens to the hut of
my friend, whom I had not visited for several weeks—my residence
being, at that time, in Charleston, a distance of nine miles from the
Island, while the facilities of passage and re-passage were very far
behind those of the present day.  Upon reaching the hut I rapped, as
was my custom, and getting no reply, sought for the key where I
knew it was secreted, unlocked the door and went in.  A fine
fire was blazing upon the hearth.  It was a novelty, and by no
means an ungrateful one.  I
<pb id="poe3" n="3"/>
threw off an overcoat, took an arm-chair by the crackling logs, and
awaited patiently the arrival of my hosts.</p>
          <p>Soon after dark they arrived, and gave me a most cordial welcome.
Jupiter, grinning from ear to ear, bustled about to prepare
some marsh-hens for supper.  Legrand was in one of his fits—how
else shall I term them?—of enthusiasm.  He had found an unknown
bivalve, forming a new genus, and, more than this, he had hunted
down and secured, with Jupiter's assistance, a 
<hi rend="italics">scarabæus</hi> which he
believed to be totally new, but in respect to which he wished to
have my opinion on the morrow.</p>
          <p>“And why not to-night?” I asked, rubbing my hands over the
blaze, and wishing the whole tribe of<hi rend="italics"> scarabæi</hi> at the devil.</p>
          <p>“Ah, if I had only known you were here!” said Legrand, “but
it's so long since I saw you; and how could I foresee that you
would pay me a visit this very night of all others?  As I was
coming home I met Lieutenant G---, from the fort, and, very
foolishly, I lent him the bug; so it will be impossible for you to
see it until the morning.  Stay here to-night, and I will send Jup
down for it at sunrise.  It is the loveliest thing in creation!”</p>
          <p>“What?—sunrise?”</p>
          <p>“Nonsense! no!—the bug.  It is of a brilliant gold color  -
about
the size of a large hickory-nut—with two jet black spots near one
extremity of the back, and another, somewhat longer, at the other.
The <hi rend="italics">antennæ</hi> are—”</p>
          <p>“Dey aint <hi rend="italics">no</hi> tin in him, Massa Will, I
keep a tellin on you,”
here interrupted Jupiter; “de bug is a goole bug, solid, ebery bit of
him, inside and all, sep him wing—neber feel half so hebby a bug in
my life.”</p>
          <p>“Well, suppose it is, Jup,” replied Legrand, somewhat more
earnestly, it seemed to me, than the case demanded, “is that any
reason for your letting the birds burn?  The color”—here he turned
to me—“is really almost enough to warrant Jupiter's idea.  You
never saw a more brilliant metallic lustre than the scales emit—but
of this you cannot judge till tomorrow.  In the mean time I can give
you some idea of the shape.”  Saying this, he seated himself at a
small table, on which were a pen and ink, but no paper.  He looked
for some in a drawer, but found none.</p>
          <p>“Never mind,” said he at length, “this will answer;” and he
<pb id="poe4" n="4"/>
drew from his waistcoat pocket a scrap of what I took to be very dirty
foolscap, and made upon it a rough drawing with the pen.  While
he did this, I retained my seat by the fire, for I was still chilly.
When the design was complete, he handed it to me without rising.
As I received it, a loud growl was heard, succeeded by a scratching
at the door.  Jupiter opened it, and a large Newfoundland, belonging
to Legrand, rushed in, leaped upon my shoulders, and loaded me
with caresses; for I had shown him much attention during previous
visits.  When his gambols were over, I looked at the paper, and, to
speak the truth, found myself not a little puzzled at what my
friend had depicted.</p>
          <p>“Well!” I said, after contemplating it for some minutes, “this <hi rend="italics">is</hi>
a strange <hi rend="italics">scarabæus</hi>, I must confess: new to me: never saw
anything like it before—unless it was a skull, or a death's-head—
which it more nearly resembles than anything else that has come
under <hi rend="italics">my</hi> observation.”</p>
          <p>“A death's-head!” echoed Legrand—“Oh—yes—well, it has
something of that appearance upon paper, no doubt.  The two upper
black spots look like eyes, eh? and the longer one at the bottom like
a mouth—and then the shape of the whole is oval.”</p>
          <p>“Perhaps so,” said I; “but, Legrand, I fear you are no artist.  I
must wait until I see the beetle itself, if I am to form any idea of
its personal appearance.”</p>
          <p>“Well, I don't know,” said he, a little nettled, “I
draw tolerably—<hi rend="italics">should</hi> do it at least—have had good
masters, and flatter
myself that I am not quite a blockhead.”</p>
          <p>“But, my dear fellow, you are joking then,” said I,
“this is a very
passable <hi rend="italics">skull</hi>—indeed, I may say that it is a
very <hi rend="italics">excellent</hi> skull,
according to the vulgar notions about such specimens of
physiology—and your <hi rend="italics">scarabæus</hi> must be
the queerest <hi rend="italics">scarabæus</hi>
in the world if it resembles it.  Why, we may get up a very thrilling
bit of superstition upon this hint.  I presume you will call the bug
<foreign lang="lat" rend="italics"><hi rend="italics">scarabæus
caput hominis</hi></foreign>, or something of that kind—there are
many similar titles in the Natural Histories.  But where are the
<hi rend="italics">antennæ</hi> you spoke of?”</p>
          <p>“The <hi rend="italics">antennæ</hi>!” said Legrand,
who seemed to be getting
unaccountably warm upon the subject; “I am sure you must see
<pb id="poe5" n="5"/>
the<hi rend="italics"> antennæ</hi>.  I made them as distinct as
they are in the original
insect, and I presume that is sufficient.”</p>
          <p>“Well, well,” I said, “perhaps you have—still I
don't see them;”
and I handed him the paper without additional remark, not wishing
to ruffle his temper; but I was much surprised at the turn affairs had
taken; his ill humor puzzled me—and, as for the drawing of the
beetle, there were positively<hi rend="italics"> no antennæ</hi>
visible, and the whole <hi rend="italics">did</hi>
bear a very close resemblance to the ordinary cuts of a death's-head.</p>
          <p>He received the paper very peevishly, and was about to crumple
it, apparently to throw it in the fire, when a casual glance at the
design seemed suddenly to rivet his attention.  In an instant his face
grew violently red—in another as excessively pale.  For some
minutes he continued to scrutinize the drawing minutely where he
sat.  At length he arose, took a candle from the table, and proceeded
to seat himself upon a sea-chest in the farthest corner of the room.
Here again he made an anxious examination of the paper; turning it
in all directions.  He said nothing, however, and his conduct greatly
astonished me; yet I thought it prudent not to exacerbate the
growing moodiness of his temper by any comment.  Presently he
took from his coat pocket a wallet, placed the paper carefully in it,
and deposited both in a writing-desk, which he locked.  He now
grew more composed in his demeanor; but his original air of
enthusiasm had quite disappeared.  Yet he seemed not so much
sulky as abstracted.  As the evening wore away he became more and
more absorbed in reverie, from which no sallies of mine could arouse
him.  It had been my intention to pass the night at the hut, as I had
frequently done before, but, seeing my host in this mood, I deemed
it proper to take leave.  He did not press me to remain, but, as I
departed, he shook my hand with even more than his usual
cordiality.</p>
          <p>It was about a month after this (and during the interval I had seen
nothing of Legrand) when I received a visit, at Charleston, from his
man, Jupiter.  I had never seen the good old negro look so dispirited,
and I feared that some serious disaster had befallen my friend.</p>
          <p>“Well, Jup,” said I, “what is the matter now?—
how is your
master?”</p>
          <pb id="poe6" n="6"/>
          <p>“Why, to speak de troof, massa, him not so berry well as mought
be.”</p>
          <p>“Not well!  I am truly sorry to hear it.  What does he complain
of?”</p>
          <p>“Dar! dat's it!—him neber plain of notin—but him berry sick
for all dat.”</p>
          <p>“<hi rend="italics">Very</hi> sick, Jupiter!—why didn't you
say so at once? Is he
confined to bed?”</p>
          <p>“No, dat he aint!—he aint find nowhar—dat's just whar de
shoe
pinch—my mind is got to be berry hebby bout poor Massa Will.”</p>
          <p>“Jupiter, I should like to understand what it is you are talking
 about.  You say your master is sick.  Hasn't he told you what ails
him?”</p>
          <p>“Why, massa, taint worf while for to git mad about de matter—
Massa Will say noffin at all aint de matter wid him—but den
what make him go about looking dis here way, wid he head down and
he soldiers up, and as white as a gose?  And den he keep a syphon all
de time—”</p>
          <p>“Keeps a what, Jupiter?”</p>
          <p>“Keeps a syphon wid de figgurs on de slate—de queerest figgurs
I ebber did see.  Ise gittin to be skeered, I tell you.  Hab for to keep
mighty tight eye pon him noovers.  Todder day he gib me slip fore
de sun up and was gone de whole ob de blessed day.  I had a big stick
ready cut for to gib him deuced good beating when he did come—but
Ise sich a fool dat I hadn't de heart arter all—he look so berry
poorly.”</p>
          <p>“Eh?— what?—ah yes!—upon the whole I think you had better
not be too severe with the poor fellow—don't flog him, Jupiter—he can't very well stand it—but can you form no idea of what has
occasioned this illness, or rather this change of conduct?  Has
anything unpleasant happened since I saw you?”</p>
          <p>“No, massa, dey aint bin noffin unpleasant <hi rend="italics">since</hi> den—'twas <hi rend="italics">fore</hi>
den I'm feared—'twas de berry day you was dare.”</p>
          <p>“How? what do you mean?”</p>
          <p>“Why, massa, I mean de bug—dare now.”</p>
          <p>“The what?”</p>
          <p>“De bug,—I'm berry sartain dat Massa Will bin bit somewhere
bout de head by dat goole-bug.”</p>
          <pb id="poe7" n="7"/>
          <p>“And what cause have you, Jupiter, for such a supposition?”</p>
          <p>“Claws enuff, massa, and mouth too.  I nebber did see sick a deuced
bug—he kick and he bite ebery ting what cum near him.  Massa Will
cotch him fuss, but had for to let him go gin mighty quick, I tell
you—den was de time he must ha got de bite.  I did n't like de look
oh de bug mouff, myself, no how, so I would n't take hold ob him
wid my finger, but I cotch him wid a piece ob paper dat I found.  I
rap him up in de paper and stuff piece ob it in he mouff—dat was
de way.”</p>
          <p>“And you think, then, that your master was really bitten by the
beetle, and that the bite made him sick?”</p>
          <p>“I do n't tink noffin about it—I nose it.  What make him dream
bout de goole so much, if taint cause he bit by de goole-bug?  Ise
heerd bout dem goole-bugs fore dis.”</p>
          <p>“But how do you know he dreams about gold?”</p>
          <p>“How I know? why cause he talk about it in he sleep—dat's how I
nose.”</p>
          <p>“Well, Jup, perhaps you are right; but to what fortunate circumstance
am I to attribute the honor of a visit from you to-day?”</p>
          <p>“What de matter, massa?”</p>
          <p>“Did you bring any message from Mr. Legrand ”</p>
          <p>“No, massa, I bring dis here pissel;” and here Jupiter handed me
a note which ran thus:</p>
          <div3 type="letter">
            <opener>
              <salute>MY DEAR ----</salute>
            </opener>
            <p>Why have I not seen you for so long a time?  I hope you have not
been so foolish as to take offence at any little <hi rend="italics">brusquerie</hi> of mine;
but no, that is improbable.</p>
            <p>Since I saw you I have had great cause for anxiety.  I have
something to tell you, yet scarcely know how to tell it, or whether
I should tell it at all.</p>
            <p>I have not been quite well for some days past, and poor old Jup
annoys me, almost beyond endurance, by his well-meant attentions
Would you believe it?—he had prepared a huge stick, the
other day, with which to chastise me for giving him the slip, and
spending the day, <foreign lang="lat" rend="italics"><hi rend="italics">solus</hi></foreign>, among the hills on the main land.  I verily
believe that my ill looks alone saved me a flogging.</p>
            <p>I have made no addition to my cabinet since we met.
<pb id="poe8" n="8"/>
If you can, in any way, make it convenient, come over with Jupiter.
<hi rend="italics">Do</hi> come. I wish to see you <hi rend="italics">to-night</hi>, upon business of
importance.  I assure you that it is of the <hi rend="italics">highest</hi> importance.</p>
            <closer><salute>Ever yours, </salute>                  <signed> WILLIAM LEGRAND.</signed></closer>
          </div3>
          <div3>
            <p>There was something in the tone of this note which gave me great
uneasiness.  Its whole style differed materially from that of Legrand.
What could he be dreaming of?  What new crotchet possessed his
excitable brain?  What “business of the highest importance” could
<hi rend="italics">he</hi> possibly have to transact?  Jupiter's account of him boded no
good.  I dreaded lest the continued pressure of misfortune had, at
length, fairly unsettled the reason of my friend.  Without a moment's
hesitation, therefore, I prepared to accompany the negro.</p>
            <p>Upon reaching the wharf, I noticed a scythe and three spades, all
apparently new, lying in the bottom of the boat in which we were
to embark.</p>
            <p>“What is the meaning of all this, Jup?” I inquired.</p>
            <p>“Him syfe, massa, and spade.”</p>
            <p>“Very true; but what are they doing here?”</p>
            <p>“Him de syfe and de spade what Massa Will sis pon my buying for
him in de town, and de debbils own lot of money I had to gib for
em.”</p>
            <p>“But what, in the name of all that is mysterious, is your ‘Massa
Will’ going to do with scythes and spades?”</p>
            <p>“Dat's more dan <hi rend="italics">I</hi> know, and debbil take me if I don't blieve 'tis
more dan he know, too.  But it's all cum ob do bug.”</p>
            <p>Finding that no satisfaction was to be obtained of Jupiter, whose
whole intellect seemed to be absorbed by “de bug,” I now stepped
into the boat and made sail.  With a fair and strong breeze we soon
ran into the little cove to the northward of Fort Moultrie, and a
walk of some two miles brought us to the hut.  It was about three in
the afternoon when we arrived.  Legrand had been awaiting us in
eager expectation.  He grasped my hand with a nervous
<hi rend="italics">empressement</hi> which alarmed me and strengthened the suspicions
already entertained.  His countenance was pale even to ghastliness,
and his deep-set eyes glared with unnatural lustre.  After some
inquiries respecting his health, I asked him,
<pb id="poe9" n="9"/>
not knowing what better to say, if he had yet obtained the
<hi rend="italics">scarabæus</hi> from Lieutenant G ----.</p>
            <p>“Oh, yes,” he replied, coloring violently, “I got it from him the
next morning.  Nothing should tempt me to part with that
<hi rend="italics">scarabæus</hi>.  Do you know that Jupiter is quite right about it?”</p>
            <p>“In what way?” I asked, with a sad foreboding at heart.</p>
            <p>“In supposing it to be a bug of <hi rend="italics">real gold</hi>.”  He said this with an
air of profound seriousness, and I felt inexpressibly shocked.</p>
            <p>“This bug is to make my fortune,” he continued, with a
triumphant smile, “to reinstate me in my family possessions.  Is it
any wonder, then, that I prize it?  Since Fortune has thought fit to
bestow it upon me, I have only to use it properly and I shall arrive
at the gold of which it is the index.  Jupiter; bring me that <hi rend="italics">scarabæus</hi>!”</p>
            <p>“What! de bug, massa?  I'd rudder not go fer trubble dat
bug—you mus git him for your own self.”  Hereupon Legrand arose,
with a grave and stately air, and brought me the beetle from a glass
case in which it was enclosed.  It was a beautiful <hi rend="italics">scarabæus</hi>, and, at
that time, unknown to naturalists—of course a great prize in a
scientific point of view.  There were two round, black spots near one
extremity of the back, and a long one near the other.  The scales were
exceedingly hard and glossy, with all the appearance of burnished
gold.  The weight of the insect was very remarkable, and, taking all
things into consideration, I could hardly blame Jupiter for his
opinion respecting it; but what to make of Legrand's concordance
with that opinion, I could not, for the life of me, tell.</p>
            <p>“I sent for you,” said he, in a grandiloquent tone, when I had
completed my examination of the beetle, “I sent for you, that I
might have your counsel and assistance in furthering the views of
Fate and of the bug”—</p>
            <p>“My dear Legrand,” I cried, interrupting him, “you are certainly
unwell, and had better use some little precautions.  You shall
go to bed, and I will remain with you a few days, until you get
over this.  You are feverish and”—</p>
            <p>“Feel my pulse,” said he.</p>
            <p>I felt it, and, to say the truth, found not the slightest indication of fever.</p>
            <pb id="poe10" n="10"/>
            <p>“But you may be ill and yet have no fever.  Allow me this once
to prescribe for you.  In the first place, go to bed.  In the next”—</p>
            <p>“You are mistaken,” he interposed, “I am as well as I can expect
to be under the excitement which I suffer.  If you really wish me
well, you will relieve this excitement.”</p>
            <p>“And how is this to be done?”</p>
            <p>“Very easily.  Jupiter and myself are going upon an expedition
into the hills, upon the main land, and, in this expedition we shall
need the aid of some person in whom we can confide.  You are the
only one we can trust.  Whether we succeed or fail, the excitement
which you now perceive in me will be equally allayed.”</p>
            <p>“I am anxious to oblige you in any way,” I replied; “but do you
mean to say that this infernal beetle has any connection with
your expedition into the hills?”</p>
            <p>“It has.”</p>
            <p>“Then, Legrand, I can become a party to no such absurd proceeding.”</p>
            <p>“I am sorry—very sorry—for we shall have to try it by ourselves.”</p>
            <p>“Try it by yourselves!  The man is surely mad!—but stay!
—how long do you propose to be absent?”</p>
            <p>“Probably all night.  We shall start immediately, and be back, at
all events, by sunrise.”</p>
            <p>“And will you promise me, upon your honor, that when this
freak of yours is over, and the bug business (good God!) settled to
your satisfaction, you will then return home and follow my advice
implicitly, as that of your physician?”</p>
            <p>“Yes; I promise; and now let us be off, for we have no time to
lose.”</p>
            <p>With a heavy heart I accompanied my friend.  We started about
four o'clock—Legrand, Jupiter, the dog, and myself.  Jupiter had
with him the scythe and spades—the whole of which he insisted
upon carrying—more through fear, it seemed to me, of trusting
either of the implements within reach of his master, than from any
excess of industry or complaisance.  His demeanor was dogged in
the extreme, and “dat deuced bug” were the sole
<pb id="poe11" n="11"/>
words which escaped his lips during the journey.  For my own part,
I had charge of a couple of dark lanterns, while Legrand contented
himself with the <hi rend="italics">scarabæus</hi>, which he carried attached to the end
of a bit of whip-cord; twirling it to and fro, with the air of a
conjuror, as he went.  When I observed this last, plain evidence of
my friend's aberration of mind, I could scarcely refrain from tears.  I
thought it best, however, to humor his fancy, at least for the
present, or until I could adopt some more energetic measures with a
chance of success.  In the mean time I endeavored, but all in vain, to
sound him in regard to the object of the expedition.  Having
succeeded in inducing me to accompany him, he seemed unwilling to
hold conversation upon any topic of minor importance, and to all my
questions vouchsafed no other reply than “we shall see!”</p>
            <p>We crossed the creek at the head of the island by means of a
skiff; and, ascending the high grounds on the shore of the main land,
proceeded in a northwesterly direction, through a tract of country
excessively wild and desolate, where no trace of a human footstep
was to be seen.  Legrand led the way with decision; pausing only
for an instant, here and there, to consult what appeared to be certain
landmarks of his own contrivance upon a former occasion.</p>
            <p>In this manner we journeyed for about two hours, and the sun
was just setting when we entered a region infinitely more dreary
than any yet seen.  It was a species of table land, near the summit
of an almost inaccessible hill, densely wooded from base to
pinnacle, and interspersed with huge crags that appeared to lie
loosely upon the soil, and in many cases were prevented from
precipitating themselves into the valleys below, merely by the
support of the trees against which they reclined.  Deep ravines, in
various directions, gave an air of still sterner solemnity to the scene.</p>
            <p>The natural platform to which we had clambered was thickly
overgrown with brambles, through which we soon discovered that it
would have been impossible to force our way but for the scythe;
and Jupiter, by direction of his master, proceeded to clear for us a
path to the foot of an enormously tall tulip-tree, which stood, with
some eight or ten oaks, upon the level, and far surpassed them
<pb id="poe12" n="12"/>
all, and all other trees which I had then ever seen, in the beauty of
its foliage and form, in the wide spread of its branches, and in the
general majesty of its appearance.  When we reached this tree,
Legrand turned to Jupiter, and asked him if he thought he could
climb it.  The old man seemed a little staggered by the question, and
for some moments made no reply.  At length he approached the huge
trunk, walked slowly around it, and examined it with minute
attention.  When he had completed his scrutiny, he merely said,</p>
            <p>“Yes, massa, Jup climb any tree he ebber see in he life.”</p>
            <p>“Then up with you as soon as possible, for it will soon be too
dark to see what we are about.”</p>
            <p>“How far mus go up, massa?” inquired Jupiter.</p>
            <p>“Get up the main trunk first, and then I will tell you which way
to go—and here—stop! take this beetle with you.”</p>
            <p>“De bug, Massa Will!—de goole bug!” cried the negro, drawing
back in dismay—“what for mus tote de bug way up de tree?
—d--n if I do!”</p>
            <p>“If you are afraid, Jup, a great big negro like you, to take hold of a
harmless little dead beetle, why you can carry it up by this
string—but, if you do not take it up with you in some way, I shall
be under the necessity of breaking your head with this shovel.”</p>
            <p>“What de matter now, massa?” said Jup, evidently shamed into
compliance; “always want for to raise fuss wid old nigger.  Was only
funnin any how.  Me feered de bug! what I keer for de bug?”  Here
he took cautiously hold of the extreme end of the string, and,
maintaining the insect as far from his person as circumstances would
permit, prepared to ascend the tree.</p>
            <p>In youth, the tulip-tree, or <foreign lang="lat" rend="italics"><hi rend="italics">Liriodendron Tulipferum</hi></foreign>, the most
magnificent of American foresters, has a trunk peculiarly smooth,
and often rises to a great height without lateral branches; but, in its
riper age, the bark becomes gnarled and uneven, while many short
limbs make their appearance on the stem.  Thus the difficulty of
ascension, in the present case, lay more in semblance than in reality.
Embracing the huge cylinder, as closely as possible, with his arms
and knees, seizing with his hands some projections, and resting his
naked toes upon others, Jupiter, after one
<pb id="poe13" n="13"/>
or two narrow escapes from falling, at length wriggled himself into the
first great fork, and seemed to consider the whole business as
virtually accomplished.  The <hi rend="italics">risk</hi> of the achievement was, in fact,
now over, although the climber was some sixty or seventy feet
from the ground.</p>
            <p>“Which way mus go now, Massa Will?” he asked.</p>
            <p>“Keep up the largest branch—the one on this side,” said Legrand.
The negro obeyed him promptly, and apparently with but little trouble;
ascending higher and higher, until no glimpse of his squat figure could
be obtained through the dense foliage which enveloped it.  Presently his
voice was heard in a sort of halloo.</p>
            <p>“How much fudder is got for go?”</p>
            <p>“How high up are you?” asked Legrand.</p>
            <p>“Ebber so fur,” replied the negro; “can see de sky fru de top ob
de tree.”</p>
            <p>“Never mind the sky, but attend to what I say.  Look down
the trunk and count the limbs below you on this side.  How
many limbs have you passed?”</p>
            <p>“One, two, tree, four, fibe—I done pass fibe big limb, massa,
pon dis side.”</p>
            <p>“Then go one limb higher.”</p>
            <p>In a few minutes the voice was heard again, announcing that the
seventh limb was attained.</p>
            <p>“Now, Jup,” cried Legrand, evidently much excited, “I want
you to work your way out upon that limb as far as you can.  If you
see anything strange, let me know.”</p>
            <p>By this time what little doubt I might have entertained of my
poor friend's insanity, was put finally at rest. I had no alternative
but to conclude him stricken with lunacy, and I became seriously
anxious about getting him home. While I was pondering upon what
was best to be done, Jupiter's voice was again heard.</p>
            <p>“Mos feerd for to ventur pon dis limb berry far—tis dead limb
putty much all de way.”</p>
            <p>“Did you say it was a<hi rend="italics"> dead</hi> limb, Jupiter?” cried Legrand in a
quavering voice.</p>
            <p>“Yes, massa, him dead as de door-nail—done up for
sartain—done departed dis here life.”</p>
            <pb id="poe14" n="14"/>
            <p>“What in the name heaven shall I do?” asked Legrand, seemingly
in the greatest distress.</p>
            <p>“Do!” said I, glad of an opportunity to interpose a word, “why
come home and go to bed.  Come now!—that's a fine fellow.  It's
getting late, and, besides, you remember your promise.”</p>
            <p>“Jupiter,” cried he, without heeding me in the least, “do you
hear me?”</p>
            <p>“Yes, Massa Will, hear you ebber so plain.”</p>
            <p>“Try the wood well, then, with your knife, and see if you think
it <hi rend="italics">very</hi> rotten.”</p>
            <p>“Him rotten, massa, sure nuff,” replied the negro in a few
moments, “but not so berry rotten as mought be.  Mought ventur
out leetle way pon de limb by myself, dat's true.”</p>
            <p>“By yourself!—what do you mean?”</p>
            <p>“Why I mean de bug.  'Tis <hi rend="italics">berry</hi> hebby bug.  Spose I drop him
down fuss, and den de limb won't break wid just de weight ob one
nigger.”</p>
            <p>“You infernal scoundrel!” cried Legrand, apparently much
relieved, “what do you mean by telling me such nonsense as that?
As sure as you drop that beetle I'll break your neck.  Look here,
Jupiter, do you hear me?”</p>
            <p>“Yes, massa, needn't hollo at poor nigger dat style.”</p>
            <p>“Well! now listen!—if you will venture out on the limb as far as
you think safe, and not let go the beetle, I'll make you a present of a
silver dollar as soon as you get down.”</p>
            <p>“I'm gwine, Massa Will—deed I is,” replied the negro very
promptly—“mos out to the <sic>eend</sic> now.”</p>
            <p>“<hi rend="italics">Out to the end!</hi>” here fairly screamed Legrand, “do you say you
are out to the end of that limb?”</p>
            <p>“Soon be to de eend, massa,—o-o-o-o-oh!  Lor-gol-a-marcy!  what
is dis here pon de tree?”</p>
            <p>“Well!” cried Legrand, highly delighted, “what is it?”</p>
            <p>“Why taint noffin but a skull—somebody bin lef him head up
de tree, and de crows done gobble ebery bit ob de meat off.”</p>
            <p>“A skull, you say!—very well!—how is it fastened to the
limb?—what holds it on?”</p>
            <p>“Sure nuff, massa; mus look.  Why dis berry curous sarcumstance,
<pb id="poe15" n="15"/>
pon my word—dare's a great big nail in de skull, what fastens ob
it on to de tree.”</p>
            <p>“Well now, Jupiter, do exactly as I tell you—do you hear?”</p>
            <p>“Yes, massa.”</p>
            <p>“Pay attention, then!—find the left eye of the skull.”</p>
            <p>“Hum! hoo! dat's good! why dare aint no eye lef at all.”</p>
            <p>“Curse your stupidity! do you know your right hand from
your left?”</p>
            <p>“Yes, I nose dat—nose all bout dat—tis my lef hand what I
chops de wood wid.”</p>
            <p>“To be sure! you are left-handed; and your left. eye is on
the same side as your left hand.  Now, I suppose, you can find the left
eye of the skull, or the place where the left eye has been.  Have you
found it?”</p>
            <p>Here was a long pause.  At length the negro asked,</p>
            <p>“Is de lef eye of de skull pon de same side as de lef hand of de
skull, too?—cause de skull aint got not a bit ob a hand at
all—nebber mind!  I got de lef eye now—here de lef eye!  what
mus do wid it?”</p>
            <p>“Let the beetle drop through it, as far as the string will
reach—but he careful and not let go your hold of the string.”</p>
            <p>“All dat done, Massa Will; mighty easy ting for to put de bug
fru de hole—look out for him dare below!”</p>
            <p>During this colloquy no portion of Jupiter's person could be seen;
but the beetle, which he had suffered to descend, was now visible at
the end of the string, and glistened, like a globe of burnished gold,
in the last rays of the setting sun, some of which still faintly
illumined the eminence upon which we stood.  The <hi rend="italics">scarabæus</hi>
hung quite clear of any branches, and, if allowed to fall, would
have fallen at our feet.  Legrand immediately took the scythe,
and cleared with it a circular space, three or four yards in diameter,
just beneath the insect, and, having accomplished this, ordered
Jupiter to let go the string and come down from the tree.</p>
            <p>Driving a peg, with great nicety, into the ground, at the precise
spot where the beetle fell, my friend now produced from his pocket
a tape measure.  Fastening one end of this at that point of the trunk,
of the tree which was nearest the peg, he unrolled it till it
<pb id="poe16" n="16"/>
reached the peg, and thence farther unrolled it, in the direction
already established by the two points of the tree and the peg, for the
distance of fifty feet—Jupiter clearing away the brambles with the
scythe.  At the spot thus attained a second peg was driven, and
about this, as a centre, a rude circle, about four feet in diameter,
described.  Taking now a spade himself, and giving one to Jupiter and
one to me, Legrand begged us to set about digging as quickly as
possible.</p>
            <p>To speak the truth, I had no especial relish for such amusement
at any time, and, at that particular moment, would most willingly
have declined it; for the night was coming on, and I felt much
fatigued with the exercise already taken; but I saw no mode of
escape, and was fearful of disturbing my poor friend's equanimity
by a refusal.  Could I have depended, indeed, upon Jupiter's aid, I
would have had no hesitation in attempting to get the lunatic home
by force; but I was too well assured of the old negro's disposition,
to hope that he would assist me, under any circumstances, in a
personal contest with his master.  I made no doubt that the latter had
been infected with some of the innumerable Southern superstitions
about money buried, and that his phantasy had received
confirmation by the finding of the <hi rend="italics">scarabæus</hi>, or, perhaps, by
Jupiter's obstinacy in maintaining it to be “a bug of real gold.”  A
mind disposed to lunacy would readily be led away by such
suggestions—especially if chiming in with favorite preconceived
ideas—and then I called to mind the poor fellow's speech about the
beetle's being “the index of his fortune.”  Upon the whole, I was
sadly vexed and puzzled, but, at length, I concluded to make a virtue
of necessity—to dig with a good will, and thus the sooner to
convince the visionary, by ocular demonstration, of the fallacy of
the opinions he entertained.</p>
            <p>The lanterns having been lit, we all fell to work with a zeal
worthy a more rational cause; and, as the glare fell upon our
persons and implements, I could not help thinking how picturesque
a group we composed, and how strange and suspicious our
labors must have appeared to any interloper who, by chance, might
have stumbled upon our whereabouts.</p>
            <p>We dug very steadily for two hours.  Little was said; and our
chief embarrassment lay in the yelpings of the dog, who took
<pb id="poe17" n="17"/>
exceeding interest in our proceedings.  He, at length, became so
obstreperous that we grew fearful of his giving the alarm to some
stragglers in the vicinity;—or, rather, this was the apprehension of
Legrand;—for myself, I should have rejoiced at any interruption
which might have enabled me to get the wanderer home. The noise
was, at length, very effectually silenced by Jupiter, who, getting out
of the hole with a dogged air of deliberation, tied the brute's mouth
up with one of his suspenders, and then returned, with a grave
chuckle, to his task.</p>
            <p>When the time mentioned had expired, we had reached a depth of
five feet, and yet no signs of any treasure became manifest.  A
general pause ensued, and I began to hope that the farce was at an
end.  Legrand, however, although evidently much disconcerted,
wiped his brow thoughtfully and recommenced.  We had excavated
the entire circle of four feet diameter, and now we slightly enlarged
the limit, and went to the farther depth of two feet.  Still nothing
appeared.  The gold-seeker, whom I sincerely pitied, at length
clambered from the pit, with the bitterest disappointment
imprinted upon every feature, and proceeded, slowly and
reluctantly, to put on his coat, which he had thrown off at the
beginning of his labor.  In the mean time I made no remark.  Jupiter,
at a signal from his master, began to gather up his tools.  This done,
and the dog having been unmuzzled, we turned in profound silence
towards home.</p>
            <p>We had taken, perhaps, a dozen steps in this direction, when,
with a loud oath, Legrand strode up to Jupiter, and seized him by
the collar.  The astonished negro opened his eyes and mouth to the
fullest extent, let fall the spades, and fell upon his knees.</p>
            <p>“You scoundrel,” said Legrand, hissing out the syllables from
between his clenched teeth—“you infernal black villain!—speak,
I tell you!—answer me this instant, without prevarication!—
which—which is your left eye?”</p>
            <p>“Oh, my golly, Massa Will! aint dis here my lef eye for sartain?”
roared the terrified Jupiter, placing his hand upon his <hi rend="italics">right</hi> organ
of vision, and holding it there with a desperate pertinacity, as if in
immediate dread of his master's attempt at a gouge.</p>
            <p>“I thought so!—I knew it! hurrah!” vociferated Legrand, letting
the negro go, and executing a series of curvets and caracols,
<pb id="poe18" n="18"/>
much to the astonishment of his valet, who, arising from his
knees, looked, mutely, from his master to myself, and then from
myself to his master.</p>
            <p>“Come! we must go back,” said the latter, “the game's not up
yet;” and he again led the way to the tulip-tree.</p>
            <p>“Jupiter,” said he, when we reached its foot, “come here! was
the skull nailed to the limb with the face outwards, or with the face
to the limb?”</p>
            <p>“De face was out, massa, so dat de crows could get at de eyes
good, widout any trouble.”</p>
            <p>“Well, then, was it this eye or that through which you dropped
the beetle?”—here Legrand touched each of Jupiter's eyes.</p>
            <p>“Twas dis eye, massa—de lef eye—jis as you tell me,” and
here it was his right eye that the negro indicated.</p>
            <p>“That will do—must try it again.”</p>
            <p>Here my friend, about whose madness I now saw, or fancied that
I saw, certain indications of method, removed the peg which marked
the spot where the beetle fell, to a spot about three inches to the
westward of its former position.  Taking, now, the tape measure
from the nearest point of the trunk to the peg, as before, and
continuing the extension in a straight line to the distance of fifty
feet, a spot was indicated, removed, by several yards, from the
point at which we had been digging.</p>
            <p>Around the new position a circle, somewhat larger than in the former
instance, was now described, and we again set to work with the
spades.  I was dreadfully weary, but, scarcely understanding what
had occasioned the change in my thoughts, I felt no longer any great
aversion from the labor imposed.  I had become most unaccountably
interested—nay, even excited.  Perhaps there was something, amid
all the extravagant demeanor of Legrand—some air of forethought, or
of deliberation, which impressed me.  I dug eagerly, and now and
then caught myself actually looking, with something that very
much resembled expectation, for the fancied treasure, the vision of
which had demented my unfortunate companion.  At a period
when such vagaries of thought most fully possessed me, and when
we had been at work perhaps an hour and a half, we were again
interrupted by the violent howlings of the dog.  His uneasiness,
in the first
<pb id="poe19" n="19"/>
instance, had been, evidently, but the result of playfulness or
caprice, but he now assumed a bitter and serious tone.  Upon
Jupiter's again attempting to muzzle him, he made furious resistance,
and, leaping into the hole, tore up the mould frantically with his
claws.  In a few seconds he had uncovered a mass of human bones,
forming two complete skeletons, intermingled with several buttons
of metal, and what appeared to be the dust of decayed woollen.
One or two strokes of a spade upturned the blade of a large Spanish
knife, and, as we dug farther, three or four loose pieces of gold and
silver coin came to light.</p>
            <p>At sight of these the joy of Jupiter could scarcely be restrained, but
the countenance of his master wore an air of extreme disappointment
He urged us, however, to continue our exertions, and the words
were hardly uttered when I stumbled and fell forward, having caught
the toe of my boot in a large ring of iron that lay half buried in the
loose earth.</p>
            <p>We now worked in earnest, and never did I pass ten minutes of
more intense excitement.  During this interval we had fairly unearthed
an oblong chest of wood, which, from its perfect preservation and
wonderful hardness, had plainly been subjected to some mineralizing
process—perhaps that of the Bi-chloride of Mercury.  This box was
three feet and a half long, three feet broad, and two and a half feet
deep.  It was firmly secured by bands of wrought iron, riveted, and
forming a kind of open trelliswork over the whole.  On each side of
the chest, near the top, were three rings of iron—six in all—by
means of which a firm hold could be obtained by six persons.  Our
utmost united endeavors served only to disturb the coffer very
slightly in its bed.  We at once saw the impossibility of removing so
great a weight.  Luckily, the sole fastenings of the lid consisted of
two sliding bolts.  These we drew back—trembling and panting with
anxiety.  In an instant, a treasure of incalculable value lay gleaming
before us.  As the rays of the lanterns fell within the pit, there
flashed upwards a glow and a glare, from a confused heap of gold and
of jewels, that absolutely dazzled our eyes.</p>
            <p>I shall not pretend to describe the feelings with which I gazed.
Amazement was, of course, predominant.  Legrand appeared
exhausted with excitement, and spoke very few words.  Jupiter's
<pb id="poe20" n="20"/>
countenance wore, for some minutes, as deadly a pallor as it is
possible, in nature of things, for any negro's visage to assume.  He
seemed stupified—thunderstricken.  Presently he fell upon his knees
in the pit, and, burying his naked arms up to the elbows in gold, let
them there remain, as if enjoying the luxury of a bath.  At length,
with a deep sigh, he exclaimed, as if in a soliloquy,</p>
            <p>“And dis all cum ob de goole-bug! de putty goole bug! de poor
little goole-bug, what I boosed in dat sabage kind ob style!  Aint
you shamed ob yourself, nigger?—answer me dat!”</p>
            <p>It became necessary, at last, that I should arouse both master and
valet to the expediency of removing the treasure.  It was growing late,
and it behooved us to make exertion, that we might get every thing
housed before daylight.  It was difficult to say what should be done,
and much time was spent in deliberation—so confused were the
ideas of all.  We, finally, lightened the box by removing two thirds of
its contents, when we were enabled, with some trouble, to raise it
from the hole.  The articles taken out were deposited among the
brambles, and the dog left to guard them, with strict orders from
Jupiter neither, upon any pretence, to stir from the spot, nor to
open his mouth until our return.  We then hurriedly made for
home with the chest; reaching the hut in safety, but after excessive
toil, at one o'clock in the morning.  Worn out as we were, it was
not in human nature to do more immediately.  We rested until two,
and had supper; starting for the hills immediately afterwards,
armed with three stout sacks, which, by good luck, were upon the
premises.  A little before four we arrived at the pit, divided the
remainder of the booty, as equally as might be, among us, and,
leaving the holes unfilled, again set out for the hut, at which, for the
second time, we deposited our golden burthens, just as the first
faint streaks of the dawn gleamed from over the tree-tops in the East.</p>
            <p>We were now thoroughly broken down; but the intense excitement
of the time denied us repose.  After an unquiet slumber of
some three or four hours' duration, we arose, as if by preconcert, to
make examination of our treasure.</p>
            <p>The chest had had been full to the brim, and we spent the whole
day, and the greater part of the next night, in a scrutiny of its
<pb id="poe21" n="21"/>
contents.  There had been nothing like order or arrangement.  Every
thing had been heaped in promiscuously.  Having assorted all with
care, we found ourselves possessed of even vaster wealth than we
had at first supposed.  In coin there was rather more than four
hundred and fifty thousand dollars—estimating the value of the
pieces, as accurately as we could, by the tables of the period.  There
was not a particle of silver.  All was gold of antique date and of
great variety—French, Spanish, and German money, with a few English
guineas, and some counters, of which we had never seen specimens
before.  There were several very large and heavy coins, so worn that
we could make nothing of their inscriptions.  There was no American
money.  The value of the jewels we found more difficulty in
estimating.  There were diamonds—some of them exceedingly large
and fine—a hundred and ten in all, and not one of them small;
eighteen rubies of remarkable brilliancy;—three hundred and ten
emeralds, all very beautiful; and twenty-one sapphires, with an opal.
These stones had all been broken from their settings and thrown
loose in the chest.  The settings themselves, which we picked out
from among the other gold, appeared to have been beaten up with
hammers, as if to prevent identification.  Besides all this, there
was a vast quantity of solid gold ornaments;—nearly two hundred
massive finger and earrings;—rich chains—thirty of these, if I
remember;—eighty-three very large and heavy crucifixes;—five
gold censers of great value;—a prodigious golden punch bowl,
ornamented with richly chased vine-leaves and Bacchanalian figures;
with two sword-handles exquisitely embossed, and many other
smaller articles which I cannot recollect.  The weight of these
valuables exceeded three hundred and fifty pounds <foreign lang="fre">avoirdupois</foreign>; and in
this estimate I have not included one hundred and ninety-seven
superb gold watches; three of the number being worth each five
hundred dollars, if one.  Many of them were very old, and as time
keepers valueless; the works having suffered, more or less, from
corrosion—but all were richly jewelled and in cases of great worth.
We estimated the entire contents of the chest, that night, at a
million and a half of dollars; and upon the subsequent disposal of the
trinkets and jewels (a
<pb id="poe22" n="22"/>
few being retained for our own use), it was found that we had greatly
undervalued the treasure.</p>
            <p>When, at length, we had concluded our examination, and the intense
excitement of the time had, in some measure, subsided, Legrand,
who saw that I was dying with impatience for a solution of this
most extraordinary riddle, entered into a full detail of all the
circumstances connected with it.</p>
            <p>“You remember;” said he, “the night when I handed you the rough
sketch I had made of the <hi rend="italics">scarabæus.</hi>  You recollect also, that I
became quite vexed at you for insisting that my drawing resembled a
death's-head.  When you first made this assertion I thought you were
jesting; but afterwards I called to mind the peculiar spots on the
back of the insect, and admitted to myself that your remark had some
little foundation in fact.  Still, the sneer at my graphic powers
irritated me—for I am considered a good artist—and, therefore,
when you handed me the scrap of parchment, I was about to crumple it up
and throw it angrily into the fire.”</p>
            <p>“The scrap of paper, you mean,” said I.</p>
            <p>“No; it had much of the appearance of paper, and at first I
supposed it to be such, but when I came to draw upon it, I discovered
it, at once, to be a piece of very thin parchment.  It was quite
dirty, you remember.  Well, as I was in the very act of crumpling it
up, my glance fell upon the sketch at which you had been looking,
and you may imagine my astonishment when I perceived, in fact, the
figure of a death's-head just where, it seemed to me, I had made the
drawing of the beetle.  For a moment I was too much amazed to
think with accuracy.  I knew that my design was very different in
detail from this—although there was a certain similarity in general
outline.  Presently I took a candle, and seating myself at the other
end of the room, proceeded to scrutinize the parchment more closely.
Upon turning it over, I saw my own sketch upon the reverse, just as
I had made it.  My first idea, now, was mere surprise at the really
remarkable similarity of outline—at the singular coincidence
involved in the fact, that unknown to me, there should have been a
skull upon the other side of the parchment, immediately beneath
my figure of the <hi rend="italics">scarabæus</hi>, and that this skull, not only in outline,
but in size,
<pb id="poe23" n="23"/>
should so closely resemble my drawing.  I say the singularity of this
coincidence absolutely stupified me for a time.  This is the usual
effect of such coincidences.  The mind struggles to establish a
connexion—a sequence of cause and effect—and, being unable to do
so, suffers a species of temporary paralysis.  But, when I recovered
from this stupor, there dawned upon me gradually a conviction
which startled me even far more than the coincidence.  I began
distinctly, positively, to remember that there had been <hi rend="italics">no</hi> drawing
upon the parchment when I made my sketch of the<hi rend="italics"> scarabæus.</hi>  I became
perfectly certain of this; for I recollected turning up first one
side and then the other, in search of the cleanest spot.  Had the skull
been then there, of course I could not have failed to notice it.  Here
was indeed a mystery which I felt it impossible to explain; but, even
at that early moment, there seemed to glimmer, faintly, within the
most remote and secret chambers of my intellect, a glow-worm-like
conception of that truth which last night's adventure brought to so
magnificent a demonstration.  I arose at once, and putting the
parchment securely away, dismissed all farther reflection until I
should be alone.</p>
            <p>“When you had gone, and when Jupiter was fast asleep, I betook
myself to a more methodical investigation of the affair.  In the
first place I considered the manner in which the parchment had come
into my possession.  The spot where we discovered the <hi rend="italics">scarabaeus</hi>
was on the coast of the main land, about a mile eastward of the
island, and but a short distance above high water mark.  Upon my
taking hold of it, it gave me a sharp bite, which caused me to let it
drop.  Jupiter, with his accustomed caution, before seizing the
insect, which had flown towards him, looked about him for a leaf, or
something of that nature, by which to take hold of it.  It was at
this moment that his eyes, and mine also, fell upon the scrap of
parchment, which I then supposed to be paper.  It was lying half
buried in the sand, a corner sticking up.  Near the spot where we
found it, I observed the remnants of the hull of what appeared to
have been a ship's long boat.  The wreck seemed to have been there
for a very great while; for the resemblance to boat timbers could
scarcely be traced.</p>
            <p>“Well, Jupiter picked up the parchment, wrapped the beetle
<pb id="poe24" n="24"/>
in it, and gave it to me.  Soon afterwards we turned to go home, and
on the way met Lieutenant G--.  I showed him the insect, and he begged
me to let him take it to the fort.  Upon my consenting, he thrust it
forthwith into his waistcoat pocket, without the parchment in which
it had been wrapped, and which I had continued to hold in my hand
during his inspection.  Perhaps he dreaded my changing my mind, and
thought it best to make sure of the prize at once—you know how
enthusiastic he is on all subjects connected with Natural History.
At the same time, without being conscious of it, I must have
deposited the parchment in my own pocket.</p>
            <p>“You remember that when I went to the table, for the purpose of
making a sketch of the beetle, I found no paper where it was usually
kept.  I looked in the drawer, and found none there.  I searched my
pockets, hoping to find an old letter, when my hand fell upon the
parchment.  I thus detail the precise mode in which it came into my
possession; for the circumstances impressed me with peculiar force.</p>
            <p>“No doubt you will think me fanciful—but I had already established
a kind of <hi rend="italics">connexion</hi>.  I had put together two links of a great
chain.  There was a boat lying upon a sea-coast, and not far from the
boat was a parchment—<hi rend="italics">not a paper</hi>—with a skull depicted upon it.
You will, of course, ask ‘where is the connexion?’  I reply that the
skull, or death's-head, is the well-known emblem of the pirate.  The
flag of the death's head is hoisted in all engagements.</p>
            <p>“I have said that the scrap was parchment, and not paper.  Parchment
is durable—almost imperishable.  Matters of little moment
are rarely consigned to parchment; since, for the mere ordinary
purposes of drawing or writing, it is not nearly so well adapted as
paper.  This reflection suggested some meaning—some relevancy -
in the death's-head.  I did not fail to observe, also, the <hi rend="italics">form</hi>
of the parchment.  Although one of its corners had been, by some
accident, destroyed, it could be seen that the original form was
oblong.  It was just such a slip, indeed, as might have been chosen
for a memorandum—for a record of something to be long
remembered and carefully preserved.”</p>
            <p>“But,” I interposed, “you say that the skull was <hi rend="italics">not</hi> upon the
<pb id="poe25" n="25"/>
parchment when you made the drawing of the beetle.  How then do
you trace any connexion between the boat and the skull—since this
latter, according to your own admission, must have been designed
(God only knows how or by whom) at some period subsequent to
your sketching the <hi>scarabæus</hi>?”</p>
            <p>“Ah, hereupon turns the whole mystery; although the secret, at this
point, I had comparatively little difficulty in solving.  My steps
were sure, and could afford but a single result.  I reasoned, for
example, thus: When I drew the <hi>scarabæus</hi>, there was no skull
apparent upon the parchment.  When I had completed the drawing I
gave it to you, and observed you narrowly until you returned it.
<hi rend="italics">You</hi>, therefore, did not design the skull, and no one else was present
to do it.  Then it was not done by human agency.  And nevertheless
it was done.</p>
            <p>“At this stage of my reflections I endeavored to remember, and
<hi rend="italics">did</hi> remember, with entire distinctness, every incident which
occurred about the period in question.  The weather was chilly (oh
rare and happy accident!), and a fire was blazing upon the hearth.  I
was heated with exercise and sat near the table.  You, however, had
drawn a chair close to the chimney.  Just as I placed the parchment in
your hand, and as you were in the act of in. inspecting it, Wolf, the
Newfoundland, entered, and leaped upon your shoulders.  With your
left hand you caressed him and kept him off, while your right,
holding the parchment, was permitted to fall listlessly between your
knees, and in close proximity to the fire.  At one moment I thought
the blaze had caught it, and was about to caution you, but, before I
could speak, you had withdrawn it, and were engaged in its
examination.  When I considered all these particulars, I doubted not
for a moment that <hi rend="italics">heat</hi> had been the agent in bringing to light, upon
the parchment, the skull which I saw designed upon it.  You are well
aware that chemical preparations exist, and have existed time out of
mind, by means of which it is possible to write upon either paper or
vellum, so that the characters shall become visible only when
subjected to the action of fire.  Zaffre, digested in <foreign lang="lat" rend="italics"><hi rend="italics">aqua regia</hi></foreign>, and
diluted with four times its weight of water, is sometimes employed;
a green tint results.  The regulus of cobalt, dissolved in spirit of
nitre, gives a red.  These colors disappear at longer or shorter
intervals after the material
<pb id="poe26" n="26"/>
written upon cools, but again become apparent upon the re-application
of heat.</p>
            <p>“I now scrutinized the death's-head with care.  Its outer edges—the
edges of the drawing nearest the edge of the vellum—were far more
<hi rend="italics">distinct</hi> than the others.  It was clear that the action of the caloric
had been imperfect or unequal.  I immediately kindled a fire, and
subjected every portion of the parchment to a glowing heat.  At first,
the only effect was the strengthening of the faint lines in the skull;
but, upon persevering in the experiment, there became visible, at
the corner of the slip, diagonally opposite to the spot in which the
death's-head was delineated, the figure of what I at first supposed to
be a goat.  A closer scrutiny, however, satisfied me that it was
intended for a kid.”</p>
            <p>“Ha! ha!” said I, “to be sure I have no right to laugh at you —a
million and a half of money is too serious a matter for mirth—but
you are not about to establish a third link in your chain—you will
not find any especial connexion between your pirates and a
goat—pirates, you know, have nothing to do with goats; they
appertain to the farming interest.”</p>
            <p>“But I have just said that the figure was <hi rend="italics">not</hi> that of a goat.”</p>
            <p>“Well, a kid then—pretty much the same thing.”</p>
            <p>“Pretty much, but not altogether,” said Legrand.  “You may have
heard of one <hi rend="italics">Captain</hi> Kidd.  I at once looked upon the figure of the
animal as a kind of punning or hieroglyphical signature.  I say
signature; because its position upon the vellum suggested this idea.
The death's-head at the corner diagonally opposite, had, in the same
manner, the air of a stamp, or seal.  But I was sorely put out by the
absence of all else—of the body to my imagined instrument—of
the text for my context.”</p>
            <p>“I presume you expected to find a letter between the stamp
and the signature.”</p>
            <p>“Something of that kind.  The fact is, I felt irresistibly impressed
with a presentiment of some vast good fortune impending.  I
can scarcely say why.  Perhaps, after all, it was rather a desire
than an actual belief;—but do you know that Jupiter's silly words,
about the bug being of solid gold, had a remarkable effect upon my
fancy?  And then the series of accidents and coincidences—these
were so <hi rend="italics">very</hi> extraordinary.  Do you observe
<pb id="poe27" n="27"/>
how mere an accident it was that these events should have
occurred upon the <hi rend="italics">sole</hi> day of all the year in which it has been, or
may be, sufficiently cool for fire, and that without the fire, or
without the intervention of the dog at the precise moment in which
he appeared, I should never have become aware of the death's-head,
and so never the possessor of the treasure?”</p>
            <p>“But proceed—I am all impatience.”</p>
            <p>“Well; you have heard, of course, the many stories current—the
thousand vague rumors afloat about money buried, somewhere upon
the Atlantic coast, by Kidd and his associates.  These rumors must
have had some foundation in fact.  And that the rumors have existed
so long and so continuous, could have resulted, it appeared to me,
only from the circumstance of the buried treasure still <hi rend="italics">remaining</hi>
entombed.  Had Kidd concealed his plunder for a time, and afterwards
reclaimed it, the rumors would scarcely have reached us in their
present unvarying form.  You will observe that the stories told are
all about money-seekers, not about money-finders.  Had the pirate
recovered his money, there the affair would have dropped.  It seemed
to me that some accident—say the loss of a memorandum indicating
its locality—had deprived him of the means of recovering it, and
that this accident had become known to his followers, who
otherwise might never have heard that treasure had been concealed at
all, and who, busying themselves in vain, because unguided attempts,
to regain it, had given first birth, and then universal currency, to
the reports which are now so common.  Have you ever heard of any
important treasure being unearthed along the coast?”</p>
            <p>“Never.”</p>
            <p>“But that Kidd's accumulations were immense, is well known.  I took
it for granted, therefore, that the earth still held them; and you
will scarcely be surprised when I tell you that I felt a hope, nearly
amounting to certainty, that the parchment so strangely found,
involved a lost record of the place of deposit.”</p>
            <p>“But how did you proceed?”</p>
            <p>“I held the vellum again to the fire, after increasing the heat; but
nothing appeared.  I now thought it possible that the coating of dirt
might have something to do with the failure; so I carefully rinsed the
parchment by pouring warm water over it, and,
<pb id="poe28" n="28"/>
having done this, I placed it in a tin pan, with the skull downwards,
and put the pan upon a furnace of lighted charcoal.  In a few minutes,
the pan having become thoroughly heated, I removed the slip, and, to
my inexpressible joy, found it spotted, in several places, with what
appeared to be figures arranged in lines.  Again I placed it in the pan,
and suffered it to remain another minute.  Upon taking it off, the
whole was just as you see it now.”</p>
            <p>Here Legrand, having re-heated the parchment, submitted it to my
inspection.  The following characters were rudely traced, in a red
tint, between the death's-head and the goat:</p>
            <p>53‡‡†305))6*;4826)4‡.)4‡);806*;48†8¶60))85;1‡(;:‡*8†83(88)<lb/>
5*†;46(;88*96*?;8)*‡(;485);5*†2:*‡(;4956*2(5*—4)8¶8*;40692<lb/>
85);)6†8)4‡‡;1(‡9;48081;8:8‡1;48†85;4)485†528806*81(‡9;48;<lb/>
(88;4(‡?34;48)4‡;161;:188;‡?;</p>
            <p>“But,” said I, returning him the slip, “I am as much in the dark as
ever.  Were all the jewels of Golconda awaiting me upon my solution
of this enigma, I am quite sure that I should be unable to earn them.”</p>
            <p>“And yet,” said Legrand, “the solution is by no means so difficult
as you might be lead to imagine from the first hasty inspection
of the characters.  These characters, as any one might readily guess,
form a cipher—that is to say, they convey a meaning; but then,
from what is known of Kidd, I could not suppose him capable of
constructing any of the more abstruse cryptographs.  I made up my
mind, at once, that this was of a simple species—such, however,
as would appear, to the crude intellect of the sailor, absolutely
insoluble without the key.”</p>
            <p>“And you really solved it?”</p>
            <p>“Readily; I have solved others of an abstruseness ten thousand
times greater.  Circumstances, and a certain bias of mind, have led me
to take interest in such riddles, and it may well be doubted whether
human ingenuity can construct an enigma of the kind which human
ingenuity may not, by proper application, resolve.  In fact, having
once established connected and legible characters, I scarcely gave a
thought to the mere difficulty of developing their import.</p>
            <pb id="poe29" n="29"/>
            <p>“In the present case—indeed in all cases of secret writing—the
first question regards the <hi rend="italics">language</hi> of the cipher; for the principles
of solution, so far, especially, as the more simple ciphers are
concerned, depend upon, and are varied by, the genius of the
particular idiom.  In general, there is no alternative but experiment
(directed by probabilities) of every tongue known to him who
attempts the solution, until the true one be attained.  But, with the
cipher now before us, all difficulty was removed by the signature.
The pun upon the word ‘Kidd’ is appreciable in no other language
than the English.  But for this consideration I should have begun
my attempts with the Spanish and French, as the tongues in which
a secret of this kind would most naturally have been written by a
pirate of the Spanish main.  As it was, I assumed the cryptograph to
be English.</p>
            <p>“You observe there are no divisions between the words.  Had
there been divisions, the task would have been comparatively easy.
In such case I should have commenced with a collation and analysis
of the shorter words, and, had a word of a single letter occurred, as
is most likely, (<hi rend="italics">a</hi> or <hi rend="italics">I</hi>, for example,) I should have considered the
solution as assured.  But, there being no division, my first step was
to ascertain the predominant letters, as well as the least frequent.
Counting all, I constructed a table, thus:</p>
            <p>
              <table rows="14" cols="3">
                <row role="data">
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">Of the character 8</cell>
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">there are</cell>
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">33.</cell>
                </row>
                <row role="data">
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">;   </cell>
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">  “   </cell>
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">  26.</cell>
                </row>
                <row role="data">
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">4   </cell>
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">  “  </cell>
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">   19.</cell>
                </row>
                <row role="data">
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">‡)  </cell>
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">   “   </cell>
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">  16.</cell>
                </row>
                <row role="data">
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">*  </cell>
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">   “   </cell>
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">  13.</cell>
                </row>
                <row role="data">
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">5   </cell>
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">  “   </cell>
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">  12.</cell>
                </row>
                <row role="data">
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">6   </cell>
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">  “   </cell>
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">  11.</cell>
                </row>
                <row role="data">
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">†1   </cell>
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">  “  </cell>
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">    8.</cell>
                </row>
                <row role="data">
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">0  </cell>
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">   “    </cell>
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">  6.</cell>
                </row>
                <row role="data">
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">92  </cell>
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">   “     </cell>
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1"> 5.</cell>
                </row>
                <row role="data">
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">:3   </cell>
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">  “    </cell>
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">  4.</cell>
                </row>
                <row role="data">
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">?  </cell>
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">   “    </cell>
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">  3.</cell>
                </row>
                <row role="data">
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">¶ </cell>
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">    “  </cell>
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">    2.</cell>
                </row>
                <row role="data">
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">—.   </cell>
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">  “  </cell>
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">    1.</cell>
                </row>
              </table>
            </p>
            <p>“Now, in English, the letter which most frequently occurs is
<pb id="poe30" n="30"/>
<hi rend="italics">e</hi>.  Afterwards, succession runs thus: <hi rend="italics">a o i d h n r s t u y c f g
l m w b k p q x z.</hi>
<hi rend="italics">E</hi> predominates so remarkably that an individual
sentence of any length is rarely seen, in which it is not the
prevailing character.</p>
            <p>“Here, then, we leave, in the very beginning, the groundwork for
something more than a mere guess.  The general use which may be
made of the table is obvious—but, in this particular cipher, we shall
only very partially require its aid.  As our predominant character is
8, we will commence by assuming it as the e of the natural alphabet.
To verify the supposition, let us observe if the 8 be seen often in
couples—for e is doubled with great frequency in English—in such
words, for example, as ‘meet,’ ‘.fleet,’ ‘speed,’ ‘seen,’ been,’
‘agree,’ &amp;c.   In the present instance we see it doubled no less than five
times, although the cryptograph is brief.</p>
            <p>“Let us assume 8, then, as e.  Now, of all words in the language,
‘the’ is most usual; let us see, therefore, whether there are not
repetitions of any three characters, in the same order of collocation,
the last of them being 8.  If we discover repetitions of such letters, so
arranged, they will most probably represent the word ‘the.’  Upon
inspection, we find no less than seven such arrangements, the
characters being ;48.  We may, therefore, assume that ; represents <hi rend="italics">t</hi>,
4 represents <hi rend="italics">h</hi>, and 8 represents e—the last being now well
confirmed.  Thus a great step has been taken.</p>
            <p>“But, having established a single word, we are enabled to establish
a vastly important point; that is to say, several commencements
and terminations of other words.  Let us refer, for example, to the
last instance but one, in which the combination ;48 occurs—not
far from the end of the cipher.  We know that the ; immediately 
ensuing is the commencement of a word, and, of the six characters
succeeding this ‘the,’ we are cognizant of no less than five.  Let
us set these characters down, thus, by the letters we know
them to represent, leaving a space for the unknown —</p>
            <lg>
              <l> t eeth.</l>
            </lg>
            <p>“Here we are enabled, at once, to discard the ‘<hi rend="italics">th</hi>,’ as forming
no portion of the word commencing with the first <hi rend="italics">t</hi>; since, by
<pb id="poe31" n="31"/>
experiment of the entire alphabet for a letter adapted to the vacancy,
we perceive that no word can be formed of which this <hi rend="italics">th</hi> can be a
part.  We are thus narrowed into</p>
            <lg>
              <l>t ee,</l>
            </lg>
            <p>and, going through the alphabet, if necessary, as before, we arrive
at the word ‘tree,’ as the sole possible reading.  We thus gain
another letter, <hi rend="italics">r</hi>, represented by (, with the words ‘the tree’ in
juxtaposition.</p>
            <p>“Looking beyond these words, for a short distance, we again see
the combination ;48, and employ it by way of <hi rend="italics">termination</hi> to what
immediately precedes.  We have thus this arrangement:</p>
            <lg>
              <l>the tree ;4(‡?34 the,</l>
            </lg>
            <p>or, substituting the natural letters, where known, it reads thus:</p>
            <lg>
              <l>the tree thr‡?3h the.</l>
            </lg>
            <p>“Now, if, in place of the unknown characters, we leave blank
spaces, or substitute dots, we read thus:</p>
            <lg>
              <l>the tree thr...h the,</l>
            </lg>
            <p>when the word ‘<hi rend="italics">through</hi>’ makes itself evident at once.  But this
discovery gives us three new letters, <hi rend="italics">o</hi>, <hi rend="italics">u</hi> and <hi rend="italics">g</hi>, represented by
‡ ? and 3.</p>
            <p>“Looking now, narrowly, through the cipher for combinations of
known characters, we find, not very far from the beginning, this
arrangement,</p>
            <lg>
              <l>83(88, or egree,</l>
            </lg>
            <p>which, plainly, is the conclusion of the word ‘degree,’ and gives
us another letter, <hi rend="italics">d</hi>, represented by †.</p>
            <p>“Four letters beyond the word ‘degree,’ we perceive the combination</p>
            <lg>
              <l>;48(;88.</l>
            </lg>
            <p>“Translating the known characters, and representing the unknown by
dots, as before, we read thus:</p>
            <lg>
              <l> th  rtee.</l>
            </lg>
            <p>an arrangement immediately suggestive of the word ‘thirteen,’ and
again furnishing us with two new characters, <hi rend="italics">i</hi> and <hi rend="italics">n</hi>, represented by
6 and *.</p>
            <p>“Referring, now, to the beginning of the cryptograph, we find the
combination,</p>
            <lg>
              <l>53‡‡†.</l>
            </lg>
            <pb id="poe32" n="32"/>
            <p>“Translating, as before, we obtain</p>
            <lg>
              <l>. good,</l>
            </lg>
            <p>which assures us that the first letter is <hi rend="italics">A</hi>, and that the first two
words are ‘A good.’</p>
            <p>“It is now time that we arrange our key, as far as discovered, in
a tabular form, to avoid confusion.  It will stand thus:</p>
            <p>
              <table rows="10" cols="3">
                <row role="data">
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">5 represents a</cell>
                </row>
                <row role="data">
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1"> †</cell>
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">      “   </cell>
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">  d</cell>
                </row>
                <row role="data">
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">8    </cell>
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">  “  </cell>
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">   e</cell>
                </row>
                <row role="data">
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">3  </cell>
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">    “    </cell>
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1"> g</cell>
                </row>
                <row role="data">
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">4    </cell>
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1"> “   </cell>
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">  h</cell>
                </row>
                <row role="data">
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">6     </cell>
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1"> “   </cell>
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">  i</cell>
                </row>
                <row role="data">
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">*   </cell>
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">   “   </cell>
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">  n</cell>
                </row>
                <row role="data">
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1"> ‡   </cell>
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">   “  </cell>
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">   o</cell>
                </row>
                <row role="data">
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">(     </cell>
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1"> “   </cell>
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">  r</cell>
                </row>
                <row role="data">
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">;     </cell>
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1"> “   </cell>
                  <cell role="data" rows="1" cols="1">  t</cell>
                </row>
              </table>
            </p>
            <p>“We have, therefore, no less than ten of the most important
letters represented, and it will be unnecessary to proceed with the
details of the solution.  I have said enough to convince you that
ciphers of this nature are readily soluble, and to give you some
insight into the <hi rend="italics">rationale</hi> of their development.  But be assured that
the specimen before us appertains to the very simplest species of
cryptograph.  It now only remains to give you the full translation
of the characters upon the parchment, as unriddled.  Here it is:</p>
            <p><hi rend="italics">‘A good glass in the bishop's hostel in the devil's seat forty-one
degrees and thirteen minutes northeast and by north main branch
seventh limb east side shoot from the left eye of the death's-head
a bee line from the tree through the shot fifty feet out.’</hi> ”</p>
            <p>“But,” said I, “the enigma seems still in as bad a condition as
ever.  How is it possible to extort a meaning from all this jargon
about ‘devil's seats,’ ‘death's heads,’ and ‘bishop's hotels?’ ”</p>
            <p>“I confess,” replied Legrand, “that the matter still wears a
serious aspect, when regarded with a casual glance.  My first
endeavor was to divide the sentence into the natural division
intended by the cryptographist.”</p>
            <p>“You mean, to punctuate it?”</p>
            <p>“Something of that kind.”</p>
            <pb id="poe33" n="33"/>
            <p>“But how was it possible to effect this?”</p>
            <p>“I reflected that it had been a <hi rend="italics">point</hi> with the writer to run his
words together without division, so as to increase the difficulty of
solution.  Now, a not over-acute man, in pursuing such an object
would be nearly certain to overdo the matter.  When, in the course
of his composition, he arrived at a break in his subject which would
naturally require a pause, or a point, he would be exceedingly apt to
run his characters, at this place, more than usually close together.
If you will observe the MS., in the present instance, you will easily
detect five such cases of unusual crowding.  Acting upon this hint, I
made the division thus:</p>
            <p>
              <hi rend="italics">‘A good glass in the Bishop's hostel in the Devil's seat—forty-one
degrees and thirteen minutes—northeast and by north—main
branch seventh limb east side—shoot from the left eye of the
death's-head—a bee-line from the tree through the shot fifty feet
out.’ ”</hi>
            </p>
            <p>“Even this division,” said I, “leaves me still in the dark.”</p>
            <p>“It left me also in the dark,” replied Legrand, “for a few days;
during which I made diligent inquiry, in the neighborhood of
Sullivan's Island, for any building which went by the name of the 
‘Bishop's Hotel;’ for, of course, I dropped the obsolete word
‘hostel.’  Gaining no information on the subject, I was on the point
of extending my sphere of search, and proceeding in a more
systematic manner, when, one morning, it entered into my head,
quite suddenly, that this ‘Bishop's Hostel’ might have some
reference to an old family, of the name of Bessop, which, time out of
mind, had held possession of an ancient manor-house, about four
miles to the northward of the Island.  I accordingly went over to the
plantation, and re-instituted my inquiries among the older negroes of
the place.  At length one of the most aged of the women said that she
had heard of such a place as <hi rend="italics">Bessop's Castle</hi>, and thought that she
could guide me to it, but that it was not a castle nor a tavern, but a
high rock.</p>
            <p>“I offered to pay her well for her trouble, and, after some demur,
she consented to accompany me to the spot.  We found it without
much difficulty, when, dismissing her, I proceeded to examine
the place.  The ‘castle’ consisted of an irregular assemblage
of cliffs and rocks—one of the latter being quite remarkable
<pb id="poe34" n="34"/>
for its height as well as for its insulated and artificial appearance
I clambered to its apex, and then felt much at a loss as to what
should be next done.</p>
            <p>“While I was busied in reflection, my eyes fell upon a narrow ledge
in the eastern face of the rock, perhaps a yard below the summit
upon which I stood.  This ledge projected about eighteen inches,
and was not more than a foot wide, while a niche in the cliff just
above it, gave it a rude resemblance to one of the hollow-backed
chairs used by our ancestors.  I made no doubt that here was the
‘devil's seat’ alluded to in the MS., and now I seemed to grasp the
full secret of the riddle.</p>
            <p>“The ‘good glass,’ I knew, could have reference to nothing but a
telescope; for the word ‘glass’ is rarely employed in any other sense
by seamen.  Now here, I at once saw, was a telescope to be used,
and a definite point of view, <hi rend="italics">admitting no variation</hi>, from which to
use it.  Nor did I hesitate to believe that the phrases, <sic>“</sic>forty-one
degrees and thirteen minutes,‘ and ‘northeast and by north,’ were
intended as directions for the levelling of the glass.  Greatly excited
by these discoveries, I hurried home, procured a telescope, and
returned to the rock.</p>
            <p>“I let myself down to the ledge, and found that it was impossible
to retain a seat upon it except in one particular position.  This
fact confirmed my preconceived idea.  I proceeded to use the glass.
Of course, the ‘forty-one degrees and thirteen minutes’ could allude
to nothing but elevation above the visible horizon, since the
horizontal direction was clearly indicated by the words, ‘northeast
and by north.’  This latter direction I at once established by means of
a pocket-compass; then, pointing the glass as nearly at an angle of
forty-one degrees of elevation as I could do it by guess, I moved it
cautiously up or down, until my attention was arrested by a circular
rift or opening in the foliage of a large tree that overtopped its
fellows in the distance.  In the centre of this rift I perceived a
white spot, but could not, at first, distinguish what it was.
Adjusting the focus of the telescope, I again looked, and now made
it out to be a human skull.</p>
            <p>“Upon this discovery I was so sanguine as to consider the
enigma solved; for the phrase ‘main branch, seventh limb, east
side,’ could refer only to the position of the skull upon the tree,
<pb id="poe35" n="35"/>
while ‘shoot from the left eye of the death's head’ admitted, also, of
but one interpretation, in regard to a search for buried treasure.  I
perceived that the design was to drop a bullet from the left eye of
the skull, and that a bee-line, or, in other words, a straight line,
drawn from the nearest point of the trunk through ‘the shot,’ (or
the spot where the bullet fell,) and thence extended to a distance of
fifty feet, would indicate a definite point—and beneath this point I
thought it at least possible that a deposit of value lay concealed.”</p>
            <p>“All this,” I said, “is exceedingly clear, and, although ingenious,
still simple and explicit.  When you left the Bishop's Hotel, what
then?”</p>
            <p>“Why, having carefully taken the bearings of the tree, I turned
homewards.  The instant that I left ‘the devil's seat,’ however, the
circular rift vanished; nor could I get a glimpse of it afterwards,
turn as I would.  What seems to me the chief ingenuity in this whole
business, is the fact (for repeated experiment has convinced me it is
a fact) that the circular opening in question is visible from no other
attainable point of view than that afforded by the narrow ledge
upon the face of the rock.</p>
            <p>“In this expedition to the ‘Bishop's Hotel’ I had been attended by
Jupiter, who had, no doubt, observed, for some weeks past, the
abstraction of my demeanor, and took especial care not to leave me
alone.  But, on the next day, getting up very early, I contrived to
give him the slip, and went into the hills in search of the tree.
After much toil I found it.  When I came home at night my valet
proposed to give me a flogging.  With the rest of the adventure I
believe you are as well acquainted as myself.”</p>
            <p>“I suppose,” said I, “you missed the spot, in the first attempt
at digging, through Jupiter's stupidity in letting the bug fall
through the right instead of through the left eye of the skull.”</p>
            <p>“Precisely.  This mistake made a difference of about two inches
and a half in the ‘shot’—that is to say, in the position of the peg
nearest the tree; and had the treasure been <hi rend="italics">beneath</hi> the ‘shot,’ the
error would have been of little moment; but ‘the shot,’ together
with the nearest point of the tree, were merely two points for the
establishment of a line of direction; of course the error, however
trivial in the beginning, increased as we proceeded
<pb id="poe36" n="36"/>
with the line, and by the time we had gone fifty feet, threw us quite
off the scent.  But for my deep-seated impressions that treasure was
here somewhere actually buried, we might have had all our labor in vain.”</p>
            <p>“But your grandiloquence, and your conduct in swinging the
beetle—how excessively odd!  I was sure you were mad.  And why
did you insist upon letting fall the bug, instead of a bullet, from the
skull?”</p>
            <p>“Why, to be frank, I felt somewhat annoyed by your evident
suspicions touching my sanity, and so resolved to punish you
quietly, in my own way, by a little bit of sober mystification.  For
this reason I swung the beetle, and for this reason I let it fall it from
the tree.  An observation of yours about its great weight suggested
the latter idea.”</p>
            <p>“Yes, I perceive; and now there is only one point which puzzles
me.  What are we to make of the skeletons found in the hole?”</p>
            <p>“That is a question I am no more able to answer than yourself.
There seems, however, only one plausible way of accounting for
them—and yet it is dreadful to believe in such atrocity as my
suggestion would imply.  It is clear that Kidd—if Kidd indeed
secreted this treasure, which I doubt not—it is clear that he must
have had assistance in the labor.  But this labor concluded, he may
have thought it expedient to remove all participants in his secret.
Perhaps a couple of blows with a mattock were sufficient, while his
coadjutors were busy in the pit; perhaps it required a dozen—who
shall tell?”</p>
          </div3>
        </div2>
        <pb id="poe37" n="37"/>
        <div2>
          <head>THE BLACK CAT.</head>
          <p>FOR the most wild, yet most homely narrative which I am about
to pen, I neither expect nor solicit belief.  Mad indeed would I be to
expect it, in a case where my very senses reject their own evidence.
Yet, mad am I not —and very surely do I not dream.  But to-morrow
I die, and to-day I would unburthen my soul.  My immediate
purpose is to place before the world, plainly, succinctly, and
without comment, a series of mere household events.  In their
consequences, these events have terrified—have tortured—have
destroyed me.  Yet I will not attempt to expound them.  To me, they
have presented little but Horror—to many they will seem less
terrible than <hi rend="italics">barroques</hi>.  Hereafter, perhaps, some intellect may be
found which will reduce my phantasm to the common-place—some
intellect more calm, more logical, and far less excitable than my own,
which will perceive, in the circumstances I detail with awe, nothing
more than an ordinary succession of very natural causes and effects.</p>
          <p>From my infancy I was noted for the docility and humanity of
my disposition.  My tenderness of heart was even so conspicuous as
to make me the jest of my companions.  I was especially fond of
animals, and was indulged by my parents with a great variety of
pets.  With these I spent most of my time, and never was so happy
as when feeding and caressing them.  This peculiarity of character grew
with my growth, and in my manhood, I derived from it one of my
principal sources of pleasure.  To those who have cherished an affection
for a faithful and sagacious dog, I need hardly be at the trouble of
explaining the nature or the intensity of the gratification thus derivable.
There is something in the unselfish and self-sacrificing love of a brute,
which goes directly to the heart of him who has had frequent occasion
to test the paltry friendship and gossamer fidelity of mere <hi rend="italics">Man</hi>.</p>
          <pb id="poe38" n="38"/>
          <p>I married early, and was happy to find in my wife a disposition
not uncongenial with my own.  Observing my partiality for domestic pets,
she lost no opportunity of procuring those of the most agreeable
kind.  We had birds, gold-fish, a fine dog, rabbits, a small monkey,
and <hi rend="italics">a cat</hi>.</p>
          <p>This latter was a remarkably large and beautiful animal, entirely
black, and sagacious to an astonishing degree.  In speaking of his
intelligence, my wife, who at heart was not a little tinctured with
superstition, made frequent allusion to the ancient popular notion,
which regarded all black cats as witches in disguise.  Not that she
was ever <hi rend="italics">serious</hi> upon this point—and I mention the matter at all for
no better reason than that it happens, just now, to be remembered.</p>
          <p>Pluto—this was the cat's name—was my favorite pet and
playmate.  I alone fed him, and he attended me wherever I went
about the house.  It was even with difficulty that I could prevent him
from following me through the streets.</p>
          <p>Our friendship lasted, in this manner, for several years, during
which my general temperament and character—through the
instrumentality of the Fiend Intemperance—had (I blush to confess
it) experienced a radical alteration for the worse.  I grew, day by day,
more moody, more irritable, more regardless of the feelings of
others.  I suffered myself to use intemperate language to my wife.  At
length, I even offered her personal violence.  My pets, of course, were
made to feel the change in my disposition.  I not only neglected, but
ill-used them.  For Pluto, however, I still retained sufficient regard to
restrain me from maltreating him, as I made no scruple of maltreating
the rabbits, the monkey, or even the dog, when by accident, or
through affection, they came in my way.  But my disease grew upon
me—for what disease is like Alcohol!—and at length even Pluto,
who was now becoming old, and consequently somewhat
peevish—even Pluto began to experience the effects of my ill
temper.</p>
          <p>One night, returning home, much intoxicated, from one of my
haunts about town, I fancied that the cat avoided my presence.  I
seized him; when, in his fright at my violence, he inflicted a slight
wound upon my hand with his teeth.  The fury of a demon
instantly possessed me.  I knew myself no longer.  My
<pb id="poe39" n="39"/>
original soul seemed, at once, to take its flight from my body and a
more than fiendish malevolence, gin-nurtured, thrilled every fibre of
my frame.  I took from my waistcoat-pocket a pen-knife, opened it,
grasped the poor beast by the throat, and deliberately cut one of its
eyes from the socket!  I blush, I burn, I shudder, while I pen the
damnable atrocity.</p>
          <p>When reason returned with the morning—when I had slept off
the fumes of the night's debauch—I experienced a sentiment half of
horror, half of remorse, for the crime of which I had been guilty; but
it was, at best, a feeble and equivocal feeling, and the soul remained
untouched.  I again plunged into excess, and soon drowned in wine
all memory of the deed.</p>
          <p>In the meantime the cat slowly recovered.  The socket of the lost
eye presented, it is true, a frightful appearance, but he no longer
appeared to suffer any pain.  He went about the house as usual, but,
as might be expected, fled in extreme terror at my approach.  I had so
much of my old heart left, as to be at first grieved by this evident
dislike on the part of a creature which had once so loved me.  But this
feeling soon gave place to irritation.  And then came, as if to my final
and irrevocable overthrow, the spirit of PERVERSENESS.  Of this
spirit philosophy takes no account.  Yet I am not more sure that my
soul lives, than I am that perverseness is one of the primitive
impulses of the human heart—one of the indivisible primary
faculties, or sentiments, which give direction to the character of
Man.  Who has not, a hundred times, found himself committing a vile
or a silly action, for no other reason than because he knows he
should <hi rend="italics">not</hi>?  Have we not a perpetual inclination, in the teeth of our
best judgment, to violate that which is <hi rend="italics">Law</hi>, merely because we
understand it to be such?  This spirit of perverseness, I say, came to
my final overthrow.  It was this unfathomable longing of the soul <hi rend="italics">to
vex itself</hi>—to offer violence to its own nature—to do wrong for the
wrong's sake only—that urged me to continue and finally to
consummate the injury I had inflicted upon the unoffending brute.
One morning, in cool blood, I slipped a noose about its neck and
hung it to the limb of a tree;—hung it with the tears streaming from
my eyes, and with the bitterest remorse at my heart;—hung it
<hi rend="italics">because</hi> I knew that it had loved me, and <hi rend="italics">because</hi>
<pb id="poe40" n="40"/>
I felt it had given me no reason of offence;—hung it <hi rend="italics">because</hi> I knew that in so doing I was committing a sin—a deadly sin that
would so jeopardize my immortal soul as to place it—if such a
thing wore possible—even beyond the reach of the infinite mercy of
the Most Merciful and Most Terrible God.</p>
          <p>On the night of the day on which this cruel deed was done, I was
aroused from sleep by the cry of fire.  The curtains of my bed were
in flames.  The whole house was blazing.  It was with great difficulty
that my wife, a servant, and myself, made our escape from the
conflagration.  The destruction was complete.  My entire worldly
wealth was swallowed up, and I resigned myself thenceforward to
despair.</p>
          <p>I am above the weakness of seeking to establish a sequence of
cause and effect, between the disaster and the atrocity.  But I am
detailing a chain of facts—and wish not to leave even a possible link
imperfect.  On the day succeeding the fire, I visited the ruins.  The
walls, with one exception, had fallen in.  This exception was found
in a compartment wall, not very thick, which stood about the middle
of the house, and against which had rested the head of my bed.  The
plastering had here, in great measure, resisted the action of the
fire—a fact which I attributed to its having been recently spread.
About this wall a dense crowd were collected, and many persons
seemed to be examining a particular portion of it with very minute
and eager attention.  The words “strange!” “singular!” and other
similar expressions, excited my curiosity.  I approached and saw, as
if graven in <hi rend="italics">bas relief</hi> upon the white surface, the figure of a gigantic
<hi rend="italics">cat</hi>.  The impression was given with an accuracy truly marvellous.
There was a rope about the animal's neck.</p>
          <p>When I first beheld this apparition—for I could scarcely regard
it as less—my wonder and my terror were extreme.  But at length
reflection came to my aid.  The cat, I remembered, had been hung in a
garden adjacent to the house.  Upon the alarm of fire, this garden
had been immediately filled by the crowd—by some one of whom
the animal must have been cut from the tree and thrown, through an
open window, into my chamber.  This had probably been done with
the view of arousing me from sleep.  The falling of other walls had
compressed the victim of my cruelty
<pb id="poe41" n="41"/>
into the substance of the freshly-spread plaster; the lime of
which, with the flames, and the <hi rend="italics">ammonia</hi> from the carcass, had then
accomplished the portraiture as I saw it.</p>
          <p>Although I thus readily accounted to my reason, if not altogether
to my conscience, for the startling fact just detailed, it did not the
less fail to make a deep impression upon my fancy.  For months I
could not rid myself of the phantasm of the cat; and, during this
period, there came back into my spirit a half-sentiment that
seemed, but was not, remorse.  I went so far as to regret the loss of
the animal, and to look about me, among the vile haunts which I now
habitually frequented, for another pet of the same species, and of
somewhat similar appearance, with which to supply its place.</p>
          <p>One night as I sat, half stupified, in a den of more than infamy,
my attention was suddenly drawn to some black object, reposing
upon the head of one of the immense hogsheads of Gin, or of Rum,
which constituted the chief furniture of the apartment.  I had been
looking steadily at the top of this hogshead for some minutes, and
what now caused me surprise was the fact that I had not sooner
perceived the object thereupon.  I approached it, and touched it with
my hand.  It was a black cat—a very large one—fully as large as
Pluto, and closely resembling him in every respect but one.  Pluto
had not a white hair upon any portion of his body; but this cat had a
large, although indefinite splotch of white, covering nearly the whole
region of the breast.</p>
          <p>Upon my touching him, he immediately arose, purred loudly,
rubbed against my hand, and appeared delighted with my notice.
This, then, was the very creature of which I was in search.  I at once
offered to purchase it of the landlord; but this person made no
claim to it—knew nothing of it—had never seen it before.</p>
          <p>I continued my caresses, and, when I prepared to go home, the
animal evinced a disposition to accompany me.  I permitted it to do
so; occasionally stooping and patting it as I proceeded.  When it
reached the house it domesticated itself at once, and became
immediately a great favorite with my wife.</p>
          <p>For my own part, I soon found a dislike to it arising within me.
This was just the reverse of what I had anticipated; but—
<pb id="poe42" n="42"/>
I know not how or why it was—its evident fondness for myself
rather disgusted and annoyed.  By slow degrees, these feelings of
disgust and annoyance rose into the bitterness of hatred.  I avoided
the creature; a certain sense of shame, and the remembrance of my former
deed of cruelty, preventing me from physically abusing it.  I did
not, for some weeks, strike, or otherwise violently ill use it; but
gradually—very gradually—I came to look upon it with unutterable
loathing, and to flee silently from its odious presence, as from the
breath of a pestilence.</p>
          <p>What added, no doubt, to my hatred of the beast, was the discovery,
on the morning after I brought it home, that, like Pluto, it
also had been deprived of one of its eyes.  This circumstance,
however, only endeared it to my wife, who, as I have already said,
possessed, in a high degree, that humanity of feeling which had once
been my distinguishing trait, and the source of many of my simplest
and purest pleasures.</p>
          <p>With my aversion to this cat, however, its partiality for myself
seemed to increase.  It followed my footsteps with a pertinacity
which it would be difficult to make the reader comprehend.
Whenever I sat, it would crouch beneath my chair, or spring upon
my knees, covering me with its loathsome caresses.  If I arose to walk
it would get between my feet and thus nearly throw me down, or,
fastening its long and sharp claws in my dress, clamber, in this
manner, to my breast.  At such times, although I longed to destroy it
with a blow, I was yet withheld from so doing, partly by a memory
of my former crime, but chiefly—let me confess it at once—by
absolute <hi rend="italics">dread</hi> of the beast.</p>
          <p>This dread was not exactly a dread of physical evil—and yet I
should be at a loss how otherwise to define it.  I am almost ashamed
to own—yes, even in this felon's cell, I am almost ashamed to
own—that the terror and horror with which the animal inspired
me, had been heightened by one of the merest chimaeras it would
be possible to conceive.  My wife had called my attention, more than
once, to the character of the mark of white hair, of which I have
spoken, and which constituted the sole visible difference between
the strange beast and the one I had destroyed.  The reader will
remember that this mark, although large, had been originally very
indefinite; but, by slow degrees—
<pb id="poe43" n="43"/>
degrees nearly imperceptible, and which for a long time my Reason
struggled to reject as fanciful—it had, at length, assumed a
rigorous distinctness of outline.  It was now the representation of an
object that I shudder to name—and for this, above all, I loathed,
and dreaded, and would have rid myself of the monster <hi>had</hi> I <hi rend="italics">dared</hi> —it was now, I say, the image of a hideous—of a ghastly thing—of
the GALLOWS!—oh, mournful and terrible engine of Horror and of
Crime—of Agony and of Death!</p>
          <p>And now was I indeed wretched beyond the wretchedness of mere
Humanity.  And <hi rend="italics">a brute beast</hi>—whose fellow I had contemptuously
destroyed—<hi rend="italics">a brute beast</hi> to work out for <hi rend="italics">me</hi>—for me a man,
fashioned in the image of the High God—so much of insufferable wo!
Alas! neither by day nor by night knew I the blessing of Rest any more!
During the former the creature left me no moment alone; and, in the
latter, I started, hourly, from dreams of unutterable fear, to find the
hot breath of <hi rend="italics">the thing</hi> upon my face, and its vast weight—an
incarnate Night-Mare that I had no power to shake off—incumbent
eternally upon my <hi rend="italics">heart</hi>!</p>
          <p>Beneath the pressure of torments such as these, the feeble remnant
of the good within me succumbed.  Evil thoughts became my sole
intimates—the darkest and most evil of thoughts.  The moodiness
of my usual temper increased to hatred of all things and of all
mankind; while, from the sudden, frequent, and ungovernable
outbursts of a fury to which I now blindly abandoned myself, my
uncomplaining wife, alas! was the most usual and the most patient
of sufferers.</p>
          <p>One day she accompanied me, upon some household errand, into
the cellar of the old building which our poverty compelled us to
inhabit.  The cat followed me down the steep stairs, and, nearly
throwing me headlong, exasperated me to madness.  Uplifting an axe,
and forgetting, in my wrath, the childish dread which had hitherto
stayed my hand, I aimed a blow at the animal which, of course,
would have proved instantly fatal had it descended as I wished.
But this blow was arrested by the hand of my wife.  Goaded, by the
interference, into a rage more than demoniacal, I withdrew my arm
from her grasp and buried the axe in her brain.  She fell dead upon
the spot, without a groan.</p>
          <p>This hideous murder accomplished, I set myself forthwith, and
<pb id="poe44" n="44"/>
with entire deliberation, to the task of concealing the body.  I knew
that I could not remove it from the house, either by day or by night,
without the risk of being observed by the neighbors.  Many projects
entered my mind.  At one period I thought of cutting the corpse into minute
fragments, and destroying them by fire.  At another, I resolved to dig
a grave for it in the floor of the cellar.  Again, I deliberated about
casting it in the well in the yard—about packing it in a box, as if
merchandize, with the usual arrangements, and so getting a porter to
take it from the house.  Finally I hit upon what I considered a far
better expedient than either of these.  I determined to wall it up in
the cellar—as the monks of the middle ages are recorded to have
walled up their victims.</p>
          <p>For a purpose such as this the cellar was well adapted.  Its walls
were loosely constructed, and had lately been plastered throughout
with a rough plaster, which the dampness of the atmosphere had
prevented from hardening.  Moreover, in one of the walls was a
projection, caused by a false chimney, or fireplace, that had been
filled up, and made to resemble the red of the cellar.  I made no
doubt that I could readily displace the bricks at this point, insert the
corpse, and wall the whole up as before, so that no eye could detect
any thing suspicious.</p>
          <p>And in this calculation I was not deceived.  By means of a crow-bar
I easily dislodged the bricks, and, having carefully deposited the
body against the inner wall, I propped it in that position, while,
with little trouble, I re-laid the whole structure as it originally
stood.  Having procured mortar, sand, and hair, with every possible
precaution, I prepared a plaster which could not be distinguished
from the old, and with this I very carefully went over the new
brickwork.  When I had finished, I felt satisfied that all was right.
The wall did not present the slightest appearance of having been
disturbed.  The rubbish on the floor was picked up with the
minutest care.  I looked around triumphantly, and said to
myself—“Here at least, then, my labor has not been in vain.”</p>
          <p>My next step was to look for the beast which had been the cause
of so much wretchedness; for I had, at length, firmly resolved to
put it to death.  Had I been able to meet with it, at the
<pb id="poe45" n="45"/>
moment, there could have been no doubt of its fate; but it appeared
that the crafty animal had been alarmed at the violence of my
previous anger, and forebore to present itself in my present mood.
It is impossible to describe, or to imagine, the deep, the blissful
sense of relief which the absence of the detested creature occasioned
in my bosom.  It did not make its appearance during the night—and
thus for one night at least, since its introduction into the house, I
soundly and tranquilly slept; aye, <hi rend="italics">slept</hi> even with the burden of
murder upon my soul!</p>
          <p>The second and the third day passed, and still my tormentor
came not.  Once again I breathed as a freeman.  The monster, in
terror, had fled the premises forever!  I should behold it no more!
My happiness was supreme!  The guilt of my dark deed disturbed
me but little.  Some few inquiries had been made, but these had been
readily answered.  Even a search had been instituted—but of course
nothing was to be discovered.  I looked upon my future felicity as
secured.</p>
          <p>Upon the fourth day of the assassination, a party of the police
came, very unexpectedly, into the house, and proceeded again to
make rigorous investigation of the premises.  Secure, however, in
the inscrutability of my place of concealment, I felt no
embarrassment whatever.  The officers bade me accompany them in
their search.  They left no nook or corner unexplored.  At length, for
the third or fourth time, they descended into the cellar.  I quivered
not in a muscle.  My heart beat calmly as that of one who slumbers
in innocence.  I walked the cellar from end to end.  I folded my arms
upon my bosom, and roamed easily to and fro.  The police were
thoroughly satisfied and prepared to depart.  The glee at my heart
was too strong to be restrained.  I burned to say if but one word, by
way of triumph, and to render doubly sure their assurance of my
guiltlessness.</p>
          <p>“Gentlemen,” I said at last, as the party ascended the steps, “I
delight to have allayed your suspicions.  I wish you all health, and
a little more courtesy.  By the bye, gentlemen, this—this is a very
well constructed house.”  [In the rabid desire to say something
easily, I scarcely knew what I uttered at all.]—“I may say an
<hi rend="italics">excellently</hi> well constructed house.  These walls are you going,
gentlemen?—these walls are solidly put together;”
<pb id="poe46" n="46"/>
and here, through the mere phrenzy of bravado, I rapped
heavily, with a cane which I held in my hand, upon that very
portion of the brick-work behind which stood the corpse of the wife
of my bosom.</p>
          <p>But may God shield and deliver me from the fangs of the
Arch-Fiend !  No sooner had the reverberation of my blows sunk
into silence, than I was answered by a voice from within the tomb!—by a cry, at first muffled and broken, like the sobbing of a child,
and then quickly swelling into one long, loud, and continuous
scream, utterly anomalous and inhuman—a howl—a wailing shriek,
half of horror and half of triumph, such as might have arisen only
out of hell, conjointly from the throats of the dammed in their agony
and of the demons that exult in the damnation.</p>
          <p>Of my own thoughts it is folly to speak.  Swooning, I staggered to
the opposite wall.  For one instant the party upon the stairs remained
motionless, through extremity of terror and of awe.  In the next, a
dozen stout arms were toiling at the wall.  It fell bodily.  The
corpse, already greatly decayed and clotted with gore, stood erect
before the eyes of the spectators.  Upon its head, with red extended
mouth and solitary eye of fire, sat the hideous beast whose craft
had seduced me into murder, and whose informing voice had
consigned me to the hangman.  I had walled the monster up within
the tomb!</p>
        </div2>
        <pb id="poe47" n="47"/>
        <div2>
          <head>MESMERIC REVELATION.</head>
          <p>WHATEVER doubt may still envelop the <hi rend="italics">rationale</hi> of mesmerism, its
startling <hi rend="italics">facts</hi> are now almost universally admitted.  Of these latter,
those who doubt, are your mere doubters by profession—an
unprofitable and disreputable tribe.  There can be no more absolute
waste of time than the attempt to <hi rend="italics">prove</hi>, at the present day, that
man, by mere exercise of will, can so impress his fellow, as to cast
him into an abnormal condition, of which the phenomena resemble
very closely those of <hi rend="italics">death</hi>, or at least resemble them more nearly
than they do the phenomena of any other normal condition within
our cognizance; that, while in this state, the person so impressed
employs only with effort, and then feebly, the external organs of
sense, yet perceives, with keenly refined perception, and through
channels supposed unknown, matters beyond the scope of the
physical organs; that, moreover, his intellectual faculties are
wonderfully exalted and invigorated; that his sympathies with the
person so impressing him are profound; and, finally, that his
susceptibility to the impression increases with its frequency,
while, in the same proportion, the peculiar phenomena elicited are
more extended and more <hi rend="italics">pronounced</hi>.</p>
          <p>I say that these—which are the laws of mesmerism in its general
features—it would be supererogation to demonstrate; nor shall I
inflict upon my readers so needless a demonstration to-day.  My
purpose at present is a very different one indeed.  I am impelled,
even in the teeth of a world of prejudice, to detail without comment
the very remarkable substance of a colloquy, occurring between
a sleep-waker and myself.</p>
          <p>I had been long in the habit of mesmerizing the person in
<pb id="poe48" n="48"/>
question, (Mr. Vankirk,) and the usual acute susceptibility and
exaltation of the mesmeric perception had supervened.  For many
months he had been laboring under confirmed phthisis, the more
distressing effects of which had been relieved by my manipulations;
and on the night of Wednesday, the fifteenth instant, I was
summoned to his bedside.</p>
          <p>The invalid was suffering with acute pain in the region of the
heart, and breathed with great difficulty, having all the ordinary
symptoms of asthma.  In spasms such as these he had usually found
relief from the application of mustard to the nervous centres, but
tonight this had been attempted in vain.</p>
          <p>As I entered his room he greeted me with a cheerful smile, and
although evidently in much bodily pain, appeared to be, mentally,
quite at ease.</p>
          <p>“I sent for you to-night,” he said, “not so much to administer to
my bodily ailment, as to satisfy me concerning certain psychal
impressions which, of late, have occasioned me much anxiety and
surprise.  I need not tell you how sceptical I have hitherto been on
the topic of the soul's immortality.  I cannot deny that there has
always existed, as if in that very soul which I have been denying, a
vague half-sentiment of its own existence.  But this half-sentiment at
no time amounted to conviction.  With it my reason had nothing to
do.  All attempts at logical inquiry resulted, indeed, in leaving me
more sceptical than before.  I had been advised to study Cousin.  I
studied him in his own works as well as in those of his European
and American echoes.  The ‘Charles Elwood’ of Mr. Brownson, for
example, was placed in my hands.  I read it with profound attention.
Throughout I found it logical, but the portions which were not <hi rend="italics">merely</hi>
logical were unhappily the initial arguments of the disbelieving hero
of the book.  In his summing up it seemed evident to me that the
reasoner had not even succeeded in convincing himself.  His end had
plainly forgotten his beginning, like the government of Trinculo.  In
short, I was not long in perceiving that if man is to be intellectually
convinced of his own immortality, he will never be so convinced
by the mere abstractions which have been so long the fashion of the
moralists of England, of France, and of Germany.  Abstractions
may amuse and exercise, but take no hold
<pb id="poe49" n="49"/>
on the mind.  Here upon earth, at least, philosophy, I am persuaded,
will always in vain call upon us to look upon qualities as things.
The will may assent—the soul—the intellect, never.</p>
          <p>“I repeat, then, that I only half felt, and never intellectually
believed.  But latterly there has been a certain deepening of the
feeling, until it has come so nearly to resemble the acquiescence of
reason, that I find it difficult to distinguish between the two.  I am
enabled, too, plainly to trace this effect to the mesmeric influence.
I cannot better explain my meaning than by the hypothesis that
the mesmeric exaltation enables me to perceive a train of
ratiocination which, in my abnormal existence, convinces, but
which, in full accordance with the mesmeric phenomena, does not
extend, except through its <hi rend="italics">effect</hi>, into my normal condition.  In
sleep-walking, the reasoning and its conclusion—the cause and its
effect—are present together.  In my natural state, the cause
vanishing, the effect only, and perhaps only partially, remains.</p>
          <p>“These considerations have led me to think that some good results
might ensue from a series of well directed questions propounded to
me while mesmerized.  You have often observed the profound
self-cognizance evinced by the sleep-waker—the extensive knowledge he
displays upon all points relating to the mesmeric condition itself;
and from this self-cognizance may be deduced hints for the proper
conduct of a catechism.”</p>
          <p>I consented of course to make this experiment.  A few passes
threw Mr. Vankirk into the mesmeric sleep.  His breathing became
immediately more easy, and he seemed to suffer no physical
uneasiness.  The following conversation then ensued:—V. in the
dialogue representing the patient, and P. myself.</p>
          <p><hi rend="italics">P.</hi> Are you asleep?</p>
          <p><hi rend="italics">V.</hi> Yes—no; I would rather sleep more soundly.</p>
          <p><hi rend="italics">P.</hi> [<hi rend="italics">After a few more passes.</hi>]  Do you sleep now?</p>
          <p><hi rend="italics">V.</hi> Yes.</p>
          <p><hi rend="italics">P.</hi> How do you think you