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			<title> <hi rend="bold">"Envy," Senior Oration of George W. Graham for the
			 Dialectic Society, February 22, 1868:</hi> Electronic
			 Edition.</title> 
		  <author> Graham, George W. </author> 
		  <editor>Erika Lindemann</editor> 
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		  <edition>First Edition, 
			 <date>2005</date> </edition> 
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		  <publisher>The University Library, University of North Carolina at
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		  <pubPlace>Chapel Hill, North Carolina</pubPlace> 
		  <date>2005</date> 
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		  <title type="monograph"> <hi rend="italics">True and Candid
			 Compositions: The Lives and Writings of Antebellum Students in North
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			 <resp>written by</resp> 
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				<title type="collection"> Dialectic Society Records (#40152),
				  University Archives, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill </title> 
			 	<title type="document"> "Envy," Senior Oration of George W. Graham for the
				  Dialectic Society, February 22, 1868</title> 
				<author>Graham, George W.</author> 
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			 <extent> 5 pages, 6 page images</extent> 
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				<date value="1868-02-22">1868</date> 
				<publisher>University Archives, University of North Carolina at
				  Chapel Hill</publisher> 
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				<note type="call number">Call number 40152 (University Archives,
				  University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)</note> 
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				<item id="topic_concat357">Examples of Student Writing/Debating Society Writings</item> 
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		  <date>2005-05-25,</date> 
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  <text id="mss06-18"> 
	 <front> 
		<div1 type="doc_summary" id="doc_sum06-18"> 
		  <head>Document Summary</head> 
		  <p>Graham's senior oration gives historical and biblical examples of
			 how envy has produced malignity in human affairs.</p> 
		</div1> 
	 </front> 
	 <body> 
		<div1 type="speech"> <pb id="mss06-18-cv" n="cover"/><pb id="mss06-18-p01" n="1"/> 
			<head> "Envy," Senior Oration of 
			 <name id="GG" key="pn0001866" reg="Graham, George W." type="person">George W. Graham</name> for the 
			 <name key="name0000284" reg="Dialectic Society" type="organization" rend="no">Dialectic Society</name>, February 22, 1868.<ref id="ref1208" type="source" target="note1208" rend="sup">1</ref>
			 </head> 
		  <head type="original" rend="center">Envy</head> 
		  <p> When we look abroad and <add hand="GG" rend="sup">see</add> the
			 bickerings and strifes which are continually marring man's happiness here on
			 earth, we are forced to conclude there is an impure fount whence flow thes
			 bitter waters. Nor do we need any further proof of the melancholy fact taught
			 us in the Oricles of the "Sacred Truthss" that man is a fallen and
			 corrupt creature. Although we may be left in the dark in regard to the way in
			 which he became corrupt, revelation alone can teach us this, yet it is not the
			 less true that such is the case. We know that evry effect is poduced by some
			 cause or it may be a combination of causes. Hence we conclude
			 <add hand="GG" rend="sup">that</add> effects so fraught with evil as thes of
			 which we speak, must have a coresponding malignant cause deeply seated in the
			 human heart. Among the many causes which tend to produce unhappiness in the
			 world we think Envy occupies a prominent position. What is Envy? It is a
			 sensation of unhappiness and disquiet arising from the advantages which others
			 are supposed to have above us accompanied with malignity towards thoes who
			 posess them. </p> 
		  <p>It is, we may say the bone of contention among men. In a majority of
			 cases it gives rise to thoes withering looks harsh words and unkind acts which
		  	often pierce the generous soul with <pb id="mss06-18-p02" n="2"/>keener agony
			 than the shaft of glittering steel hurled with Herculean strength and whose
			 wound would seem a pleasure.</p> 
		  <p> We are not inclined to laud with flattery the imaginary happiness
			 of thoes who have preceeded us and say that they felt none of thes evils of
			 which we complain in so doing we would be stifling the honest convictions of
			 our minds and would be making statements which neither history nor experience
			 would confirm. Ever since man has felt the influence of Pride, Ambition, Love,
			 ever since then has been a variaty of talents and mental accomplishments and
			 different degrees of comliness in personal appearence among men ever since some
			 have been born in affluence and dandled in the lap of ease and others have been
			 nursed in the scantiness of poverty with in the mud reared walls of an humble
			 cottage ever since there has been such a thing as the realization of hopes and
			 disappointments just so long has man felt the baneful influence of Envy. It did
			 not disturbe the quiet repose of 
			 <name key="pn0000007" reg="Adam (biblical)" type="person">Adam</name> and 
			 <name key="pn0000489" reg="Eve (biblical)" type="person">Eve</name>
			 rclining beneath the verdant bowers of the yet unforfeited Paridise regailing
			 them-selves with pleasures which knew no <pb id="mss06-18-p03" n="3"/>alloy;
			 they felt its painful <del hand="GG" rend="overstrike">sufferi</del> effects
			 soon after Heavens law had been infringed and man was no longer innocent. What
			 could have marred the perfect harmony of feeling and sentiment which must have
			 [surged]<ref id="ref1209" target="note1209" type="edit" rend="sup">2</ref>
			 within the hallowed <del rend="overstrike" hand="GG">circle</del>
			 <add hand="GG" rend="sup">precints</add> of the family circle of our first
			 parents? Could any thing but direful Envy have moved 
			 <name key="pn0000259" reg="Cain (biblical)" type="person">Cain</name> to shed his brothers blood. Surely not. Nothing
			 except that accursed and fiendish feeling which when it cannot rise and soar to
			 the realms of unalloyed bliss would drag down and bury in the depths of
			 perdition thoes that are enjoying the pleasures which they are unable to
			 reach.</p> 
		  <p> Envy even entered the courts of high Heaven and stirred up 
		  	<name key="pn0001480" reg="Satan" type="person" rend="no">Satan</name> and his
			 followers to set at naught the laws of their maker. Yes it was that Envy which 
			 <q type="poem"> 
				<lg type="poem"> 
				  <l>"All human virtue to its latest breath</l> 
				  <l> Finds never conquered but in death"<ref id="ref1210" type="info" target="note1210" rend="sup">3</ref></l> 
				</lg></q> It was Envy that moved 
			 <name key="pn0000888" reg="Joseph (biblical)" type="person">Josephs</name> bretheren to sell him to foreign merchants and present to their father
			 his coat of many colors stained with crimson gore and exultingly exclaim this
			 we have found know now whether it be your sons coat or no. Not only this but
			 they remained unconcerned if not delighted when they saw hoary hairs bowed down
			 with grief and sorrow for a much loved son. It was this direfull passion that
			 made the 
		  	<name key="name0000539" reg="Jews" type="religion" rend="no">Jews</name>
			 <pb id="mss06-18-p04" n="4"/>crucify 
			 <name key="pn0000311" reg="Christ" type="person">the Prince of
				Peace</name> and willingly entail upon themslves and their children the accused
			 fruits of this inconceivably wicked and heinous act the evil consequences of
			 which they have felt and are still suffering so they have become a byword among
			 all people. But let us not confine the existance of this evill to the Ancients
			 alone.</p> 
		  <p> Where ever we turn our eyes they can easily detect some of its evil
			 workings. Turn to 
			 <name key="pn0000479" reg="Elizabeth, Queen of England" type="person">Queen Elizabeth</name>. We think Envy manifested itself in the
			 otherwise amiable character of good 
			 <name key="pn0000479" reg="Elizabeth, Queen of England" type="person">Queen Bess</name> in all her dealings with the gifted though
			 unfortunate 
			 <name key="pn0001098" reg="Mary, Queen of Scotland" type="person" rend="no">Mary Queen of Scots</name>. 
			 <name key="pn0000479" reg="Elizabeth, Queen of England" type="person" rend="no">Elizabeth</name> certainly envied her. The sufferings of this
			 unfortunate woman her long confinement and melancholy fate would would even
			 yet, were not her name associated with 
		  	<name reg="Roman Catholicism" key="name0000990" type="religion" rend="no">Roman
				Catholicism</name> against which men and educated in 
			 <name reg="Protestants" type="religion" key="name0000920" rend="no">Protestant</name> countries have such a strong prejudice,
			 awaken our sympathies and dispose us to judge charitably of the errors of
			 innocence and lead us to detest from the inmost depths of our hearts that vile
			 and loathsome passion which was the prime agent in producing her misries. </p> 
		  <p>Our own country has been made to mourn beneath
			 <del hand="GG" rend="overstrike">our</del> <add rend="sup" hand="GG">its
		  </add>blighting touch. It makes the name of 
		  <name key="pn0000247" reg="Burr, Aaron" type="person">Aaron Burr</name> who would have been an ornament to any age or country loathed by the
		  pious and good. He, Samson like laid his unhallowed hands upon
		  <pb id="mss06-18-p05" n="5"/>the pillars of the sacred temple of freedom and
		  with one mighty effort would have buried all beneath its ruins. 
		  <name key="pn0000247" reg="Burr, Aaron" type="person">Burrs</name> happiness and usefullness were marred by this unholy passion even with
		  that Envy which was cruel as the grave. Nothing except that malignant spirit
		  which grows pale and sickens if a friend prevails, which merit and sucess
		  persues with hate and dams the worth it cannot imitate could have made him seek
		  to stain his hands with the blood of the lamented 
		  <name key="pn0000666" reg="Hamilton, Alexander" type="person">Hamilton</name> one of 
		  <name key="name0000026" reg="America" type="place" rend="no">American's</name>
		  most gifted sons. Well might 
		  <name key="name0000026" reg="America" type="place" rend="no">America</name> cloth
		  herself in the habiliments of woe and in the language of the ancient bard
		  exclaim<ref id="ref1211" type="edit" target="note1211" rend="sup">4</ref> How
		  are the mighty fallen! It is useless to multiply examples. From what we have
		  already said Envy must appear to be an evil and an evil continually. It is an
		  unnatural feeling more feroci[ous] than the furious spirit of the wild beast
		  that roams over the plains of 
		  	<name key="name0000012" reg="Africa" type="place" rend="no">Africa</name> It ever
		  fixes a stain upon the character of the Savage much more upon thoes claiming to
		  be civilized and <del rend="overstrike" hand="GG">under</del> specially upon
		  thoes who pofess to be under the benign influence of 
		  <name key="name0000099" reg="Bible" type="publication" rend="no">the
			 Gospel</name>. Then let evry one abandon this odious disposition, crush it in
		  its incipient stages and free himself from this merciless passion which will
		  prey upon his vitals and contaminate the very air he breathes and render him
		  loathsome and odious to himself and all connected with him. </p> 
		</div1> 
	 </body> 
	 <back> 
		<div1 type="notes"> 
		  <note id="note1208" target="ref1208" type="source"> 
		  	<p>1.  <xref url="http://www.lib.unc.edu/mss/uars/ead/40152.html">Dialectic Society Addresses, UA.</xref> The address consists of a
				title page and five pages of text, four of which show page numbers. The title
				page contains the following inscription: "Senior Oration/Delivered
				In/The/Dialectic Hall/Febuary 22nd/1868/By/ 
		  		<name key="pn0001866" reg="Graham, George W." type="person" rend="no">George
				  W Graham</name>/of/ 
				<name key="name0000484" reg="Hillsborough, NC" type="place" rend="no">Hillsborough/North Carolina.</name>" At one time the speech
				had been bound and subsequently was unbound.</p> </note> 
		  <note id="note1209" target="ref1209" type="edit"> 
			 <p>2. 
				<name key="pn0001866" reg="Graham, George W." type="person">Graham</name> wrote <hi rend="italics">sugred</hi>.</p> </note> 
		  <note id="note1210" target="ref1210" type="info"> 
			 <p>3. 
				Alexander Pope, 
				<name key="name0000373" reg="&quot;The First Epistle of the Second Book of Horace, Imitated&quot; (Pope)" type="publication" rend="no">"The First Epistle of the Second Book of Horace,
				  Imitated"</name> (1737): "All human Virtue to its latest breath/Finds
				Envy never conquer'd but by Death."</p> </note> 
		  <note id="note1211" target="ref1211" type="info"> 
			 <p>4. 
				<name key="pn0001866" reg="Graham, George W." type="person">Graham</name> wrote <hi rend="italics">i </hi>on top of<hi rend="italics">m</hi>.</p>
			 </note> 
		</div1> 
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