Conflicting ideas of motherhood
Dr. Eleanor B. Easley was the first woman to graduate from Duke University School of Medicine, and she rose to national prominence through her work on women's health issues. Of particular importance to her during the mid-twentieth century was the idea of American motherhood and how that could combat Communism. When Barbee did not express joy over her pregnancy, she roused Easley's concern because the doctor had theorized that excitement over child-bearing was one of the primary characteristics of good motherhood. The lecture Barbee received angered her in return.
Citing this Excerpt
Oral History Interview with Annie Mack Barbee, May 28, 1979. Interview H-0190. Southern Oral History Program Collection (#4007) in the Southern Oral History Program Collection, Southern Historical Collection, Wilson Library, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Full Text of the Excerpt
And so I went to Dr.
Easley and I reckon I was almost two and a half months. It
didn't take her long to do it. She said, "I can not
do nothing with you until you lay still. What you so nervous
about." I said, nothing. She said, "Now will you
relax." I said yes. She was a elderly
lady with white hair. She said, "Will you." I said
yes. I got hot when I went in there. She said, "Do you think
you're pregnant. Some of them folks were working around
there, nurses and all. I said no, I don't know
what's the matter with me. I said this is the place to come
ain't it. She said, "Yeah."
That's why I'm here. You see now I got hot then,
she didn't bother me none. She said, "Most women
don't get pregnant at your age." I said, one thing
you'd better do, you better go on out here and not say
anything else to me. Because I'm here to see Dr. Easley and
if there's any questions she asks me I will answer them, I
ain't going to answer nary a one of yours. She strutted on
out of there. I was ill as a hornet. So Dr. Easley came in, she said,
"Relax now so I can examine you." I got up on the
table. She looked at me. And I could see the nurses passing by. Old
woman, there that thinks she's pregnant. I reckon they was
talking about me. So she got through, she said,
"Relax." I said Dr. Easley, I'm going to
relax 'cause I want to know. She said,
"You'll know in a few minutes. Are you
relaxed." I said yeah. "I can feel it, you are sure
enough relaxed." Took her hands, she said, "A normal
pregancy. Wait a minute, lay back down, you ain't
right." I laid back down. She said, "What's
the matter with you?" I said, nothing. I said, nothing.
Something wrong other than that. Then see, she had to calm my nerves.
She said, this is what she told me, "Women like you always have
your children early." This is not a I want you to get this
good. "Women like you always have their children
early." See women, how she say it, she didn't say it
black and white, she said women, my women, something like that. They
delay their rearing families for financial reasons sometimes,
they're not out of school, and financial some. She said,
"But you women have your children early."
Oh I got so mad with the woman. I said, lord
don't let me show my behind because she's all I
got to depend on. But Beverly, if she could a seen me when she said
that, oh good gracious alive. I said to myself, I said yeah. I said, but
you must understand one thing Dr. Easley, I married late. She said,
"Oh you did." I said, yeah. I said I was in my early
forties when I married. I married about a year. She said, "No
wonder this is a shock to you." Yes it is, it really is. She
said, "You didn't think?" I said I
didn't—in other words, I'd had no
thoughts about it. I didn't think nothing about it. She said,
"I know you didn't. Now you're physically
fit. The only trouble you'll have is running around with this
little one, keeping up with it. I don't see no complications
whatever unless you disobey my orders." And I was sitting
there. She said, "What's the matter with your
finger?" I have a bone like that. She said, "Can you
remember if this was always like that." I said yeah, as near as
I can remember. She said, "Do you know what caused
it?" I said the only thing I could remember, we was in the
country going to school, and real cold one morning and I forgot my
gloves. And when I got to school my whole hand was numb and the
teacher—I didn't have any lesson that day,
that's when we was working, Mae and I. And she took my
fingers and rubbed 'em and rubbed 'em. And I said
they was frostbitten, and they grew like that. That's what I
told her. 'Cause I can't remember them being like
that when I was born. She took 'em and said, "Do
they bother you?" I said no, they don't bother me at
all. She said, "I just wanted to know whether you were born
like that." I said I don't remember being
born—I could have been. So she was sitting there and told me,
"I'm writing you out a chart here. Now you
don't need anything much, whatever you need you can get
I don't think you need nothing. You are
physically fit for a woman of your age to bear this child. Without any
complications whatever. If you stay on your strict diet." She
said, "Now aren't you happy. Come back here and sit
down." I was going out the door. She made me sit back there
facing her. She said, "Aren't you happy?" I
didn't say a word. She said, "I'm talking
to you. Aren't you happy?" I still
wouldn't say nothing. She said, "One thing about it,
I want you to be happy, as happy as you can. There's some
reason why you don't want to have this child, I
don't know what it is. But I want you to be happy. Do you
work?" I said yeah. She said, "Don't stop
work. I want you to be as active as you can." I said I do
seasonal work. She said, "It's not going to hurt
you. Because I know you ain't going to do no walking. As long
as you can work and stir around. Explain to me what you do." I
told her. She said, "No it won't hurt you.
'Cause you ain't going to walk. If you was a
housewife I would put you on a rigid, strict, walking. But
you're not no housewife, you work. Now I don't
want you to lay around and mope around. I want you to be as active as
you can." I said yes I will. She said, "What does your
husband think about it?" I said he don't know it, I
haven't told him. She said, "Are you going to tell
him?" I said of course, you know I got to tell him. She said,
"I reckon he'll be tickled to death." I
said maybe. That's all I said, I said maybe he will. She
said, "But I know one thing, you're not happy. I
don't like that. Why are you not happy?" I told her
I have my reasons. She said, "Well forget your reasons and let
this child be a normal child." So I went on home. Victoria
Lawson was living next door to us. She was the first one I told. She
said, "Well I could have told you that." When I worked
with the girl she told me, I called Betsy a liar
on the bus. I'd go to sleep and every time it was time to get
off the bus she'd have to wake me up. And Betsy,
"You'd better go ahead and see about yourself.
You're the biggest asa." I said, you damn liar, and
got off the bus, telling her that. Betsy said, "Annie I knew
you was pregnant. I knew it. I've had seven
children." I said no. And honey, me and Betsy fell out the next
morning when I went there. "Annie, what did that doctor
say?" I went to laughing. She said, "Yeah, he said you
was pregnant." I said yes I am. She said, "I know. I
could've told you." But I didn't want to
believe it. It was hard for me to believe that thing, I just
didn't want to believe it. So after she confirmed and said it
was so, I went on with it. But honey, Beverly, that was so hard for me
to believe. It was just unbelievable. And I felt wonderful. The only
thing I had was the heartburn.