Development destroys a black community
Members of the black community in Savannah, though aware of the threat posed by urban renewal, did little to try to prevent it because their mind sets prevented them from questioning the government. Development replaced a functional black community by razing its churches, destroying its businesses, and constructing public housing projects, replacing a middle-class black population with poor residents. He believes there was a racial component to these changes.
Citing this Excerpt
Oral History Interview with Floyd Adams, August 16, 2002. Interview R-0168. Southern Oral History Program Collection (#4007) in the Southern Oral History Program Collection, Southern Historical Collection, Wilson Library, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Full Text of the Excerpt
KIERAN TAYLOR
Were there people in the black community that were aware of what was
going to take place?
FLOYD ADAMS, JR.
Well, I guess I was.
KIERAN TAYLOR
Do you remember?
FLOYD ADAMS, JR.
There were some protests mostly among the churches, displacement of the
churches. That was it. Back in those days you have to understand that my
interpretation is that people accepted the government say this, the
government say that. It was a combination of two things happening,
several combinations if you want to add it all together and think about
it.
KIERAN TAYLOR
What was that?
FLOYD ADAMS, JR.
The building of I-16 as it came into Savannah as well. You had the
historic, the components of it to get part of it, you had the historic
district redone. You had the I-16 terminating in that area, and then you
had also the rebuilding of the, as you would call it the public housing
area where Currytown once existed. Most of those homes in there were
rental homes as well, but you displaced those people, but they
didn't bring them back. Some of the people moved out into
various other areas of the community, and you replaced them with
different individuals, and when you get the process of public housing,
you lump people together. You put enough stories or whatever. You
increase the density of the area, and yet you don't have the
same, people with the same mindset. Although people lived in Currytown,
they lived on dirt streets and what have you. They kept their
surroundings clean, and everybody was manageable and everything else.
Everybody looked out for each other and did things for each other and
that type thing. It was a community within a community if you want to
call it that. So we lost that type of significance of that area.
We've learned, I think we've learned quite a bit
about that when we should have gone back to single family homes or a
couple of duplexes rather than build the way we did presently. I think
you will have a much better community from an aesthetic point of view
and maybe a cultural diverse community than you have right now. In
essence what you did was replace blacks with blacks but poor blacks.
KIERAN TAYLOR
So you think the new projects that were built though it was drawing from
a different pool of people?
FLOYD ADAMS, JR.
You drew from a different pool of people although they were, most of
these people were scattered throughout the city. They sort of brought
them in and lumped them all together.
KIERAN TAYLOR
Then Currytown was kind of dispersed.
FLOYD ADAMS, JR.
Dispersed. Right. Currytown, Frogtown, parts of old Yamacraw, all that
was dispersed. The only church that they were able to save was First
African Baptist Church, not First, First Bryan Baptist Church down in
the heart. We lost the mother church of the AME church, Saint Phillip
Monumental. We lost Saint Paul CME Church. We lost quite a few major
facilities, and I mean buildings, historical buildings, and that has
always been my argument with the historic Savannah people. Where were
you at when you're talking about saving all of these
buildings? Where were you, you didn't save the original black
churches and some of the architectural treasures that we had then. So
where were you then?
KIERAN TAYLOR
Which also I guess could've served as an anchor because you
had, even if people lived in other neighborhoods, they could come home
to church.
FLOYD ADAMS, JR.
That's right come home to church and serve as an anchor. But
you displaced buildings, businesses as well. You displaced Savannah
Pharmacy who moved over on the other side of West Broad Street. You
displaced most of the thriving businesses, the doctor's
offices and other things that served these people. You displaced them.
You totally moved them out of the neighborhood. So who did they have to
rely on. It made them more dependent on the larger superstores, and you
made them more dependent on businesses located outside, but also what
you did was take the wealth away from those African-American businesses
that were already relocated there. Some of them took the money,
relocated and then failed because they didn't have their
clientele that they once had as well.
KIERAN TAYLOR
To what degree was this by design?
FLOYD ADAMS, JR.
I don't know. Really, I haven't done the research
on it and to be quite frank with you, but it seemed you want to say
racial, then it could be racial. But in somebody's mind who
came up with all this idea thought that they were creating a good thing
for the city. So you have to weigh it from that perspective.
Unfortunately and I'm just speculating on this aspect of it,
but the banks did not give the support to the black businesses who had
to relocate that they did to some of the Jewish-owned grocery
stores or what have you. They did not do that. They
simply got I think because they were black. They were white. Like I
stated previously some of the former Jewish storeowners the Malavers,
the Sadlers who had stores within the community used that as a stepping
stone to reach out and expand their operation based on the money they
received from the government in relocation businesses and what have you.
So you can look at it from that perspective, and some people may argue
the point differently. But I see it from that point of view. They
stepped out. That was their launching pad if you see.
KIERAN TAYLOR
So they were able to take advantage of the emerging markets in the
southern part of the city.
FLOYD ADAMS, JR.
Right, they were. They were. Also you got rid of a lot of the
black-owned restaurants and everything else, the food catering places.
When that came through, you knocked basically every major concern of
black business out of operation so to speak that was on West Broad
Street. The dry-cleaning there. You had Chick's newsstand.
You had the chicken fry place right on the corner there. All those
businesses even the bakery, there's a bakery shop there. They
took that money and launched and moved over in another area and made
money off of the lot which is gone now, but they had their launching
from that money and relocated and did business elsewhere until the
family sort of broke up and they went out of business. But like I say
other people used that as a launching tool to go do things.
KIERAN TAYLOR
So they were able to use the federally mandated relocation money.
FLOYD ADAMS, JR.
So they helped themselves and were able to do better. The black
businesses did not because they lost their clientele that they dealt
with. Personally, and I agree with Mr. Law on his concept, they
could've maintained the role of black-owned businesses on MLK
and build those public houses behind MLK and still succeeded.